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公开(公告)号：US20180003009A1
公开(公告)日：2018-01-04
申请号：US15686334
申请日：2017-08-25
CPC分类号： E21B43/003 , E21B28/00 , E21B41/0092 , E21B43/26 , E21B47/00 , E21B47/12 , E21B49/00 , F16K15/06 , G01V1/50 , G01V1/523
摘要： Adaptive stimulation systems combine impulse-generated swept-frequency stimulation vibration with cyclically-varying hydraulic pressure to provide adaptive down-hole stimulation. Swept-frequency stimulation vibration arises from cyclical shifts of the power spectral density (PSD) of each stimulator's fluid interface vibration (via closed-loop control of the rebound cycle time and/or the fluid interface's effective elastic modulus). PSD's are adjusted for resonance excitation and fracturing of geologic materials at varying distances from a wellbore, closed-loop control incorporating backscatter vibration from stimulated geologic material. One or more stimulators generate vibration in bursts comprising a plurality of vibration frequencies. Timed signals from a programmable controller affect directional propagation of combined vibration wave fronts from a stimulator array. As fracturing proceeds to smaller (e.g., proppant-sized) fragments having higher resonant frequencies, PSD's are up-shifted, increasing relative stimulation vibration power in higher frequencies. Progressive stimulation is thereby optimized, facilitating plain-water (or liquefied propane) fracs with self-generated proppant.
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公开(公告)号：US09080690B2
公开(公告)日：2015-07-14
申请号：US14524093
申请日：2014-10-27
IPC分类号： F16K47/02 , F04B53/00 , F04B53/10 , F16K47/00 , F16K1/36 , F16K15/00 , F16K15/06 , F16K25/00 , F16K31/00
CPC分类号： F16K47/023 , F04B53/001 , F04B53/10 , F04B53/1087 , F16K1/36 , F16K15/00 , F16K15/06 , F16K25/005 , F16K31/00 , F16K47/00 , Y10S137/902 , Y10S137/904 , Y10T137/785
摘要： Tunable check valves reduce valve-generated vibration to increase the reliability of tunable fluid ends. Selected improved designs described herein reflect disparate applications of identical technical principles (relating to, e.g., the vibration spectrum of an impulse). Tunable check valve embodiments comprise a family including, but not limited to, tunable check valve assemblies, tunable valve seats, and tunable radial arrays. Each such tunable embodiment, in turn, contributes to blocking excitation of fluid end resonances, thus reducing the likelihood of fluid end failures associated with fatigue cracking and/or corrosion fatigue. By down-shifting the frequency domain of each valve-closing impulse shock, initial excitation of fluid end resonances is minimized. Subsequent damping and/or selective attenuation of vibration likely to excite one or more predetermined (and frequently localized) fluid end resonances represents further optimal use of fluid end vibration-control resources for improving high-pressure fluid end reliability.
摘要翻译： 可调节止回阀减少阀门产生的振动，提高可调流体端的可靠性。 所描述的所选改进的设计反映了相同的技术原理（涉及例如脉冲的振动谱）的不同应用。 可调式止回阀实施例包括家庭，包括但不限于可调式止回阀组件，可调节阀座和可调节径向阵列。 每个这样的可调谐实施例又有助于阻止流体端部共振的激励，从而减少与疲劳开裂和/或腐蚀疲劳相关的流体端部故障的可能性。 通过下移每个闭阀脉冲冲击的频域，使流体端共振的初始激励最小化。 可能激发一个或多个预定（并且经常局部化）的流体端部共振的振动的随后的阻尼和/或选择性衰减表示用于改善高压流体端可靠性的流体端振动控制资源的进一步最佳使用。
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公开(公告)号：US08944409B2
公开(公告)日：2015-02-03
申请号：US14168147
申请日：2014-01-30
IPC分类号： F16K1/00 , F16K47/00 , F16K15/00 , F04B53/00 , F04B53/10 , F16K1/36 , F16K15/06 , F16K25/00 , F16K31/00
CPC分类号： F16K31/00 , F04B53/001 , F04B53/10 , F04B53/1087 , F16K1/36 , F16K15/06 , F16K25/005 , Y10S137/902 , Y10S137/904 , Y10T137/785 , Y10T137/7904
摘要： Tunable fluid ends reduce valve-generated vibration to increase fluid-end reliability. Tunable fluid end embodiments comprise a family, each family member comprising a fluid end housing with at least one installed tunable component chosen from: tunable check valve assemblies, tunable valve seats, tunable radial arrays and/or tunable plunger seals. Each tunable component, in turn, contributes to blocking excitation of fluid end resonances, thus reducing the likelihood of fluid end failures associated with fatigue cracking and/or corrosion fatigue. By down-shifting the frequency domain of each valve-closing impulse shock, initial excitation of fluid end resonances is minimized. Subsequent damping and/or selective attenuation of vibration likely to excite one or more predetermined (and frequently localized) fluid end resonances represents further optimal use of fluid end vibration-control resources.
摘要翻译： 可调节流体端部减少阀门产生的振动，以提高流体端的可靠性。 可调谐流体终端实施例包括家庭，每个家庭成员包括具有至少一个安装的可调组件的流体端壳体，所述可调组件选自：可调式止回阀组件，可调节阀座，可调节径向阵列和/或可调节柱塞密封件。 每个可调谐部件又有助于阻止流体端部共振的激发，从而减少与疲劳开裂和/或腐蚀疲劳相关的流体端部故障的可能性。 通过下移每个闭阀脉冲冲击的频域，使流体端共振的初始激励最小化。 可能激发一个或多个预定（并且经常是局部化的）流体端共振的振动的随后的阻尼和/或选择性衰减表示流体端振动控制资源的进一步最佳使用。
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公开(公告)号：US08567753B1
公开(公告)日：2013-10-29
申请号：US13711644
申请日：2012-12-12
IPC分类号： F16K31/00
CPC分类号： F16K15/06 , B33Y80/00 , F16K1/36 , Y10T137/7868
摘要： A tunable valve assembly comprises a valve body, an adjustable preload flange centrally coupled to the valve body, and a viscoelastic element; the assembly attenuates valve-generated vibration transmitted to a pump housing. The vibration spectrum is narrowed and its amplitude reduced through hysteresis loss of closing impulse energy. The viscoelastic element comprises a peripheral groove portion coupled to a central reservoir portion via a plurality of fenestration portions. At least a first predetermined assembly resonant frequency is achieved by changing valve assembly compliance (with associated hysteresis loss) through adjustment of annular shear preload applied by the flange to the viscoelastic element reservoir portion. Such preload adjustment effectively maximizes hysteresis loss at the resonant frequency. At least a second predetermined assembly resonant frequency is achieved through choice of a circumferential shear-thickening material within the viscoelastic element groove portion. Assembly resonant frequencies are chosen to approximate pump housing resonant frequencies.
摘要翻译： 可调阀组件包括阀体，中心联接到阀体的可调节预加载凸缘和粘弹元件; 该组件衰减传递到泵壳体的阀产生的振动。 振动频谱变窄，其振幅通过闭合脉冲能量的滞后损耗减小。 粘弹元件包括通过多个开窗部分连接到中央储存器部分的周边槽部分。 至少第一预定的组件共振频率通过通过调节由凸缘施加到粘弹件元件储存部分的环形剪切预载荷来改变阀组件顺应性（具有相关的滞后损耗）来实现。 这种预载调整有效地使谐振频率下的滞后损耗最大化。 通过在粘弹性元件槽部分内选择周向剪切增稠材料来实现至少第二预定的组件共振频率。 选择装配谐振频率以近似泵壳谐振频率。
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公开(公告)号：US08292301B1
公开(公告)日：2012-10-23
申请号：US13525391
申请日：2012-06-18
CPC分类号： F16J15/324 , F04B53/143 , F16J15/46 , F16J15/56
摘要： A multifunction ring comprises an elastomeric body which totally encloses at least one circumferential tubular cavity filled with at least one liquid medium. In various ring embodiments the liquid medium conducts heat, damps vibration, blocks extrusion and/or transmits hydraulic pressure. When one or more rings are used in a plunger packing, longitudinal compression of the ring(s) secondary to increased pumped fluid pressure occurs during a pressure stroke. Such compression, acting through the compliance of each ring, increases tubular cavity hydraulic pressure and causes radial ring expansion. Ring expansion is both inward toward a plunger and, simultaneously, outward toward its packing box. Inward expansion tends to seal the extrusion gap, while outward expansion increases coupling from plunger to packing box to increase vibration damping and/or heat scavenging. Periodic reduction of pumped fluid pressure tends to reverse radial ring expansion, thus reducing both frictional ring wear and heat generation.
摘要翻译： 多功能环包括弹性体，其全部包围填充有至少一种液体介质的至少一个圆周管状空腔。 在各种环形实施例中，液体介质传导热量，阻尼振动，阻塞挤压和/或传递液压。 当在柱塞填料中使用一个或多个环时，在压力冲程期间发生次级增加的泵送流体压力的环的纵向压缩。 这种通过每个环的顺应性作用的压缩增加了管状空腔的液压并引起径向环扩张。 环膨胀向内朝向柱塞，同时向外朝向其包装盒。 向内膨胀倾向于密封挤出间隙，而向外的膨胀增加了从柱塞到包装箱的联接，以增加振动阻尼和/或热量清除。 抽水流体压力的周期性减少往往会使径向环膨胀反转，从而减少摩擦环磨损和发热。
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公开(公告)号：US08267371B1
公开(公告)日：2012-09-18
申请号：US13196916
申请日：2011-08-03
申请人： Dennis W. Gilstad
发明人： Dennis W. Gilstad
IPC分类号： F16K31/44
摘要： An impulse tolerant valve body has at least one internal variable-volume space capable of elastic longitudinal compression and rebound. Each such space is filled with incompressible fluid and has fluid communication with at least one internal surge chamber. A closing energy impulse due to valve closing causes elastic longitudinal compression of at least one variable-volume space, with consequent flow of incompressible fluid to at least one surge chamber via at least one fluid flow restrictor. During subsequent elastic rebound, incompressible fluid flows from at least one surge chamber to at least one variable-volume space, again via at least one fluid flow restrictor. A portion of valve closing impulse energy is thus redistributed as heat generated due to fluid friction losses and valve body hysteresis loss. Valve closing energy impulse amplitude is thereby reduced, impulse duration is increased, vibration spectrum is narrowed and induced resonance vibrations are damped.
摘要翻译： 耐冲击阀体具有至少一个能够弹性纵向压缩和回弹的内部可变容积空间。 每个这样的空间都填充有不可压缩流体，并且与至少一个内部缓冲室具有流体连通。 由于阀关闭引起的关闭能量脉冲导致至少一个可变体积空间的弹性纵向压缩，从而通过至少一个流体限流器将不可压缩流体流动到至少一个缓冲室。 在随后的弹性回弹过程中，不可压缩的流体再次经由至少一个流体限流器从至少一个缓冲室流动到至少一个可变容积空间。 因此，由于流体摩擦损失和阀体滞后损耗而产生的热量，阀关闭脉冲能量的一部分被重新分配。 阀关闭能量脉冲幅度因此减小，脉冲持续时间增加，振动频谱变窄并且引起谐振振动被衰减。
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公开(公告)号：US20180042627A1
公开(公告)日：2018-02-15
申请号：US15645430
申请日：2017-07-10
IPC分类号： A61B17/22
CPC分类号： A61B17/22029 , A61B17/225 , A61B17/2256 , A61B2017/22005
摘要： Adaptive lithotripsy systems assist diagnosis and treatment of patients with kidney stones (stones being associated with subsequent development of cancer). As stimulation vibration is transmitted to the patient, both its total transmitted power and power spectral density (PSD) are tailored to individual patient needs. One such need is for progressive stone fragmentation (a hallmark of adaptive lithotripsy systems) at minimum power levels. And minimum power levels are achieved through two adaptive mechanisms for shifting PSD to concentrate transmitted vibration power in more effective frequency ranges. This concentration necessarily reduces power in relatively ineffective ranges, thus minimizing collateral tissue damage. Effective ranges for vibration power concentration are estimated in near-real time using backscatter vibration that is retransmitted from resonating stones while encoding information on the stones' existence, size and composition. Backscatter vibration thus informs adaptive tailoring of stimulation vibration for lithotripsy that is (1) relatively safer and (2) more efficient.
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公开(公告)号：US20170114620A1
公开(公告)日：2017-04-27
申请号：US14919848
申请日：2015-10-22
CPC分类号： E21B43/003 , E21B43/26 , E21B47/12 , F16K15/06
摘要： Adaptive stimulation systems combine impulse-generated swept-frequency stimulation vibration with cyclically-varying hydraulic pressure to provide adaptive down-hole stimulation. Swept-frequency stimulation vibration arises from cyclical shifts of the power spectral density (PSD) of each stimulator's vibration (via closed-loop control of rebound cycle time). PSD's are adjusted for resonance excitation, fracturing and/or analysis of geologic materials at varying distances from a wellbore. And closed-loop control incorporates backscatter vibration from stimulated geologic material. Stimulators can be arranged singly or in spatial arrays of multiple stimulators, each stimulator generating vibration in bursts comprising a plurality of vibration frequencies. Timed signals from a programmable controller affect directional propagation of combined vibration wave fronts from a stimulator array. As fracturing proceeds to smaller (e.g., proppant-sized) fragments having higher resonant frequencies, PSD's are up-shifted, increasing relative stimulation vibration power in higher frequencies. Progressive stimulation is thereby optimized, facilitating plain-water (or liquefied propane) fracs with self-generated proppant.
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公开(公告)号：US20140332199A1
公开(公告)日：2014-11-13
申请号：US14340634
申请日：2014-07-25
CPC分类号： E21B43/267 , E21B4/14 , E21B28/00 , E21B43/25 , G01V1/155
摘要： Tunable down-hole stimulation systems feature closed-loop control of pumps and tunable down-hole stimulators. Stimulators generate and hydraulically transmit broad vibration spectra tuned for resonance excitation and fracturing of geologic materials adjacent to the wellbore. Feedback data for controlling stimulation includes backscatter vibration originating in stimulated geologic material and detected at the stimulator(s). For initial fracturing with relatively large particle sizes, the power spectral density (PSD) of each stimulator output is down-shifted toward the lower resonant frequencies of large particles. As fracturing proceeds to smaller (proppant-sized) fragments having higher resonant frequencies, backscatter vibration guides progressive up-shifting of stimulator PSD to higher vibration frequencies. Stimulator power requirements are minimized by concentrating vibration energy efficiently in frequency bands to which geologic materials are most sensitive at every stage of stimulation. Geologic fragmentation efficiency is thus optimized, with inherent potential for plain-water fracs completed with self-generated proppant.
摘要翻译： 可调谐的井下刺激系统具有泵和可调谐井下刺激器的闭环控制。 刺激器产生和液压传输调谐为与井眼相邻的地质材料的共振激发和压裂的宽振动光谱。 用于控制刺激的反馈数据包括源自刺激地质材料并在刺激器处检测的反向散射振动。 对于具有相对较大粒度的初始压裂，每个刺激器输出的功率谱密度（PSD）向大颗粒的较低共振频率向下移动。 随着压裂进行到具有较高谐振频率的较小（支撑剂大小）碎片，反向散射振动引导刺激器PSD的逐渐向上移位到更高的振动频率。 通过将振动能量有效地集中在地质材料在每个刺激阶段最为敏感的频带中，可以最大限度地提高刺激能力。 因此，优化了地质碎裂效率，并利用自生产的支撑剂完成了纯水裂缝的固有潜力。
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公开(公告)号：US08746654B2
公开(公告)日：2014-06-10
申请号：US14047046
申请日：2013-10-07
IPC分类号： F16K31/44
CPC分类号： F16K25/005 , F04B53/001 , F04B53/10 , F04B53/1087 , F16K1/36 , F16K15/06 , Y10T137/6174 , Y10T137/7868
摘要： Tunable fluid end embodiments comprise a family, each family member comprising a pump housing with at least one installed tunable component chosen from: tunable valve assemblies, tunable valve seats, tunable radial arrays and/or tunable plunger seals. For example, a tunable valve assembly or tunable radial array selectively attenuates valve-generated vibration at its source, thus reducing the likelihood of fluid end failures associated with fatigue cracking and/or corrosion fatigue. Adding tunable valve seats and/or tunable plunger seals to a fluid end facilitates optimal damping and/or selective attenuation of vibration at one or more predetermined (and frequently localized) fluid end resonant frequencies. Thus, the likelihood of exciting destructive resonances in a pump's fluid end housing is further reduced. Optimized vibration attenuation and optimized fluid end damping are provided by altering resonant frequencies in each tunable component in relation to one or more fluid end resonant frequencies and/or tunable component resonant frequencies.
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