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1.发明授权Method and apparatus for noninvasive monitoring of arterial blood oxygen saturation 失效用于非侵入性监测动脉血氧饱和度的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4714080A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-22
申请号：US915688
申请日：1986-10-06
IPC分类号： A61B5/145 , A61B5/00 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/1495 , G01N33/497
CPC分类号： A61B5/14551
摘要： A noninvasive optical oximeter for measuring oxygen saturation of arterial blood. A sample of blood is illuminated with light at two different wavelengths. Light reflected by the blood is sensed by a photodetector and an output signal is created in response thereto. The output signal is processed to form a quotient representing the AC components of the reflected light at each wavelength. The oxygen saturation of the blood is calculated by correlating this quotient with an oxygen saturation reference curve uniquely representative of the blood oxygen saturation characteristics of a particular individual.
摘要翻译： 一种用于测量动脉血氧饱和度的无创光学血氧计。 用两种不同波长的光照射血样。 由光检测器感测由血液反射的光，响应于此产生输出信号。 处理输出信号以形成表示每个波长的反射光的AC分量的商。 通过将该商与独特地代表特定个体的血氧饱和度特征的氧饱和度参考曲线相关联来计算血液的氧饱和度。
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公开(公告)号：US4880304A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-14
申请号：US33406
申请日：1987-04-01
CPC分类号： A61B5/14552 , G01N21/3151 , G01N2021/3181
摘要： An improved optical sensor which has increased sensitivity and which is resistant to the effects of ambient light. In one embodiment of the invention, the sensor housing has a flat lower face with a central protrusion in which a plurality of light emitting diodes and an optical sensor are mounted. When the sensor is placed on the patient's tissue, the portion of the sensor face containing the LEDs and detector protrudes slightly into the tissue to provide improved optical coupling of the sensor to the skin. A light absorbing compliant material is attached to the perimeter of the sensor to reduce the effects of ambient light and to provide a cushion to minimize discomfort to the patient. In an alternate embodiment of the sensor, the LEDs and detector are mounted in a horizontal configuration substantially parallel to the surface of the tissue. The light produced by the LEDs is projected into a central chamber of the housing where the respective beams are combined and directed toward the tissue. In this emodiment, the desired combining of the beams can be achieved through the use of a set of mirrors or a prism. Various combinations of the improvements provided by each of the embodiments described above can be incorporated into either a transmission or backscatter optical sensor to provide a compact, sensitive optical sensor which is resistant to interference caused by ambient light.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的光学传感器，其具有增加的灵敏度并且抵抗环境光的影响。 在本发明的一个实施例中，传感器壳体具有平坦的下表面，其中安装有多个发光二极管和光学传感器。 当传感器放置在患者的组织上时，包含LED和检测器的传感器面的部分略微突出到组织中，以提供传感器与皮肤的改进的光耦合。 光吸收顺应性材料附着到传感器的周边以减少环境光的影响并提供缓冲垫以最小化对患者的不适。 在传感器的替代实施例中，LED和检测器以基本上平行于组织表面的水平配置安装。 由LED产生的光被投射到壳体的中心室中，其中各个光束被组合并指向组织。 在这种情况下，可以通过使用一组反射镜或棱镜来实现光束的期望组合。 上述每个实施例提供的改进的各种组合可以被并入传输或反向散射光学传感器中，以提供抵抗由环境光引起的干扰的紧凑的，灵敏的光学传感器。
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3.发明授权Photocharacterization and treatment of normal abnormal and ectopic endometrium 失效正常异常和异位子宫内膜的光学特征和治疗
公开(公告)号：US4852579A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-01
申请号：US40597
申请日：1987-04-20
CPC分类号： A61B10/00
摘要： A method and apparatus for optical diagnosis and treatment of abnormal cells through the use of hormone-specific chemical markers which are preferential to genital tissues. Abnormal cells can be differentiated from normal cells by the amount of fluorescent or thermal radiation produced by the chemical marker retained in the respective cells when irradiated with electromagnetic radiation at a predetermined wavelength. Once the abnormal cells have been detected, they can be treated through the use of an optical technique based on photochemical or thermal reactions which can be controlled to destroy the abnormal cells, while leaving normal cells unharmed.
摘要翻译： 一种通过使用优于生殖器组织的激素特异性化学标记物来对异常细胞进行光学诊断和治疗的方法和装置。 当用预定波长的电磁辐射照射时，通过保留在各个细胞中的化学标记产生的荧光或热辐射的量，可以将异常细胞与正常细胞区分开。 一旦检测到异常细胞，就可以通过使用基于光化学或热反应的光学技术进行治疗，可以控制它们以破坏异常细胞，同时保持正常的细胞不受伤害。
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公开(公告)号：US20180003009A1
公开(公告)日：2018-01-04
申请号：US15686334
申请日：2017-08-25
CPC分类号： E21B43/003 , E21B28/00 , E21B41/0092 , E21B43/26 , E21B47/00 , E21B47/12 , E21B49/00 , F16K15/06 , G01V1/50 , G01V1/523
摘要： Adaptive stimulation systems combine impulse-generated swept-frequency stimulation vibration with cyclically-varying hydraulic pressure to provide adaptive down-hole stimulation. Swept-frequency stimulation vibration arises from cyclical shifts of the power spectral density (PSD) of each stimulator's fluid interface vibration (via closed-loop control of the rebound cycle time and/or the fluid interface's effective elastic modulus). PSD's are adjusted for resonance excitation and fracturing of geologic materials at varying distances from a wellbore, closed-loop control incorporating backscatter vibration from stimulated geologic material. One or more stimulators generate vibration in bursts comprising a plurality of vibration frequencies. Timed signals from a programmable controller affect directional propagation of combined vibration wave fronts from a stimulator array. As fracturing proceeds to smaller (e.g., proppant-sized) fragments having higher resonant frequencies, PSD's are up-shifted, increasing relative stimulation vibration power in higher frequencies. Progressive stimulation is thereby optimized, facilitating plain-water (or liquefied propane) fracs with self-generated proppant.
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公开(公告)号：US09080690B2
公开(公告)日：2015-07-14
申请号：US14524093
申请日：2014-10-27
IPC分类号： F16K47/02 , F04B53/00 , F04B53/10 , F16K47/00 , F16K1/36 , F16K15/00 , F16K15/06 , F16K25/00 , F16K31/00
CPC分类号： F16K47/023 , F04B53/001 , F04B53/10 , F04B53/1087 , F16K1/36 , F16K15/00 , F16K15/06 , F16K25/005 , F16K31/00 , F16K47/00 , Y10S137/902 , Y10S137/904 , Y10T137/785
摘要： Tunable check valves reduce valve-generated vibration to increase the reliability of tunable fluid ends. Selected improved designs described herein reflect disparate applications of identical technical principles (relating to, e.g., the vibration spectrum of an impulse). Tunable check valve embodiments comprise a family including, but not limited to, tunable check valve assemblies, tunable valve seats, and tunable radial arrays. Each such tunable embodiment, in turn, contributes to blocking excitation of fluid end resonances, thus reducing the likelihood of fluid end failures associated with fatigue cracking and/or corrosion fatigue. By down-shifting the frequency domain of each valve-closing impulse shock, initial excitation of fluid end resonances is minimized. Subsequent damping and/or selective attenuation of vibration likely to excite one or more predetermined (and frequently localized) fluid end resonances represents further optimal use of fluid end vibration-control resources for improving high-pressure fluid end reliability.
摘要翻译： 可调节止回阀减少阀门产生的振动，提高可调流体端的可靠性。 所描述的所选改进的设计反映了相同的技术原理（涉及例如脉冲的振动谱）的不同应用。 可调式止回阀实施例包括家庭，包括但不限于可调式止回阀组件，可调节阀座和可调节径向阵列。 每个这样的可调谐实施例又有助于阻止流体端部共振的激励，从而减少与疲劳开裂和/或腐蚀疲劳相关的流体端部故障的可能性。 通过下移每个闭阀脉冲冲击的频域，使流体端共振的初始激励最小化。 可能激发一个或多个预定（并且经常局部化）的流体端部共振的振动的随后的阻尼和/或选择性衰减表示用于改善高压流体端可靠性的流体端振动控制资源的进一步最佳使用。
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公开(公告)号：US08944409B2
公开(公告)日：2015-02-03
申请号：US14168147
申请日：2014-01-30
IPC分类号： F16K1/00 , F16K47/00 , F16K15/00 , F04B53/00 , F04B53/10 , F16K1/36 , F16K15/06 , F16K25/00 , F16K31/00
CPC分类号： F16K31/00 , F04B53/001 , F04B53/10 , F04B53/1087 , F16K1/36 , F16K15/06 , F16K25/005 , Y10S137/902 , Y10S137/904 , Y10T137/785 , Y10T137/7904
摘要： Tunable fluid ends reduce valve-generated vibration to increase fluid-end reliability. Tunable fluid end embodiments comprise a family, each family member comprising a fluid end housing with at least one installed tunable component chosen from: tunable check valve assemblies, tunable valve seats, tunable radial arrays and/or tunable plunger seals. Each tunable component, in turn, contributes to blocking excitation of fluid end resonances, thus reducing the likelihood of fluid end failures associated with fatigue cracking and/or corrosion fatigue. By down-shifting the frequency domain of each valve-closing impulse shock, initial excitation of fluid end resonances is minimized. Subsequent damping and/or selective attenuation of vibration likely to excite one or more predetermined (and frequently localized) fluid end resonances represents further optimal use of fluid end vibration-control resources.
摘要翻译： 可调节流体端部减少阀门产生的振动，以提高流体端的可靠性。 可调谐流体终端实施例包括家庭，每个家庭成员包括具有至少一个安装的可调组件的流体端壳体，所述可调组件选自：可调式止回阀组件，可调节阀座，可调节径向阵列和/或可调节柱塞密封件。 每个可调谐部件又有助于阻止流体端部共振的激发，从而减少与疲劳开裂和/或腐蚀疲劳相关的流体端部故障的可能性。 通过下移每个闭阀脉冲冲击的频域，使流体端共振的初始激励最小化。 可能激发一个或多个预定（并且经常是局部化的）流体端共振的振动的随后的阻尼和/或选择性衰减表示流体端振动控制资源的进一步最佳使用。
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公开(公告)号：US08567753B1
公开(公告)日：2013-10-29
申请号：US13711644
申请日：2012-12-12
IPC分类号： F16K31/00
CPC分类号： F16K15/06 , B33Y80/00 , F16K1/36 , Y10T137/7868
摘要： A tunable valve assembly comprises a valve body, an adjustable preload flange centrally coupled to the valve body, and a viscoelastic element; the assembly attenuates valve-generated vibration transmitted to a pump housing. The vibration spectrum is narrowed and its amplitude reduced through hysteresis loss of closing impulse energy. The viscoelastic element comprises a peripheral groove portion coupled to a central reservoir portion via a plurality of fenestration portions. At least a first predetermined assembly resonant frequency is achieved by changing valve assembly compliance (with associated hysteresis loss) through adjustment of annular shear preload applied by the flange to the viscoelastic element reservoir portion. Such preload adjustment effectively maximizes hysteresis loss at the resonant frequency. At least a second predetermined assembly resonant frequency is achieved through choice of a circumferential shear-thickening material within the viscoelastic element groove portion. Assembly resonant frequencies are chosen to approximate pump housing resonant frequencies.
摘要翻译： 可调阀组件包括阀体，中心联接到阀体的可调节预加载凸缘和粘弹元件; 该组件衰减传递到泵壳体的阀产生的振动。 振动频谱变窄，其振幅通过闭合脉冲能量的滞后损耗减小。 粘弹元件包括通过多个开窗部分连接到中央储存器部分的周边槽部分。 至少第一预定的组件共振频率通过通过调节由凸缘施加到粘弹件元件储存部分的环形剪切预载荷来改变阀组件顺应性（具有相关的滞后损耗）来实现。 这种预载调整有效地使谐振频率下的滞后损耗最大化。 通过在粘弹性元件槽部分内选择周向剪切增稠材料来实现至少第二预定的组件共振频率。 选择装配谐振频率以近似泵壳谐振频率。
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公开(公告)号：US08292301B1
公开(公告)日：2012-10-23
申请号：US13525391
申请日：2012-06-18
CPC分类号： F16J15/324 , F04B53/143 , F16J15/46 , F16J15/56
摘要： A multifunction ring comprises an elastomeric body which totally encloses at least one circumferential tubular cavity filled with at least one liquid medium. In various ring embodiments the liquid medium conducts heat, damps vibration, blocks extrusion and/or transmits hydraulic pressure. When one or more rings are used in a plunger packing, longitudinal compression of the ring(s) secondary to increased pumped fluid pressure occurs during a pressure stroke. Such compression, acting through the compliance of each ring, increases tubular cavity hydraulic pressure and causes radial ring expansion. Ring expansion is both inward toward a plunger and, simultaneously, outward toward its packing box. Inward expansion tends to seal the extrusion gap, while outward expansion increases coupling from plunger to packing box to increase vibration damping and/or heat scavenging. Periodic reduction of pumped fluid pressure tends to reverse radial ring expansion, thus reducing both frictional ring wear and heat generation.
摘要翻译： 多功能环包括弹性体，其全部包围填充有至少一种液体介质的至少一个圆周管状空腔。 在各种环形实施例中，液体介质传导热量，阻尼振动，阻塞挤压和/或传递液压。 当在柱塞填料中使用一个或多个环时，在压力冲程期间发生次级增加的泵送流体压力的环的纵向压缩。 这种通过每个环的顺应性作用的压缩增加了管状空腔的液压并引起径向环扩张。 环膨胀向内朝向柱塞，同时向外朝向其包装盒。 向内膨胀倾向于密封挤出间隙，而向外的膨胀增加了从柱塞到包装箱的联接，以增加振动阻尼和/或热量清除。 抽水流体压力的周期性减少往往会使径向环膨胀反转，从而减少摩擦环磨损和发热。
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公开(公告)号：US08267371B1
公开(公告)日：2012-09-18
申请号：US13196916
申请日：2011-08-03
申请人： Dennis W. Gilstad
发明人： Dennis W. Gilstad
IPC分类号： F16K31/44
摘要： An impulse tolerant valve body has at least one internal variable-volume space capable of elastic longitudinal compression and rebound. Each such space is filled with incompressible fluid and has fluid communication with at least one internal surge chamber. A closing energy impulse due to valve closing causes elastic longitudinal compression of at least one variable-volume space, with consequent flow of incompressible fluid to at least one surge chamber via at least one fluid flow restrictor. During subsequent elastic rebound, incompressible fluid flows from at least one surge chamber to at least one variable-volume space, again via at least one fluid flow restrictor. A portion of valve closing impulse energy is thus redistributed as heat generated due to fluid friction losses and valve body hysteresis loss. Valve closing energy impulse amplitude is thereby reduced, impulse duration is increased, vibration spectrum is narrowed and induced resonance vibrations are damped.
摘要翻译： 耐冲击阀体具有至少一个能够弹性纵向压缩和回弹的内部可变容积空间。 每个这样的空间都填充有不可压缩流体，并且与至少一个内部缓冲室具有流体连通。 由于阀关闭引起的关闭能量脉冲导致至少一个可变体积空间的弹性纵向压缩，从而通过至少一个流体限流器将不可压缩流体流动到至少一个缓冲室。 在随后的弹性回弹过程中，不可压缩的流体再次经由至少一个流体限流器从至少一个缓冲室流动到至少一个可变容积空间。 因此，由于流体摩擦损失和阀体滞后损耗而产生的热量，阀关闭脉冲能量的一部分被重新分配。 阀关闭能量脉冲幅度因此减小，脉冲持续时间增加，振动频谱变窄并且引起谐振振动被衰减。
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公开(公告)号：US20180042627A1
公开(公告)日：2018-02-15
申请号：US15645430
申请日：2017-07-10
IPC分类号： A61B17/22
CPC分类号： A61B17/22029 , A61B17/225 , A61B17/2256 , A61B2017/22005
摘要： Adaptive lithotripsy systems assist diagnosis and treatment of patients with kidney stones (stones being associated with subsequent development of cancer). As stimulation vibration is transmitted to the patient, both its total transmitted power and power spectral density (PSD) are tailored to individual patient needs. One such need is for progressive stone fragmentation (a hallmark of adaptive lithotripsy systems) at minimum power levels. And minimum power levels are achieved through two adaptive mechanisms for shifting PSD to concentrate transmitted vibration power in more effective frequency ranges. This concentration necessarily reduces power in relatively ineffective ranges, thus minimizing collateral tissue damage. Effective ranges for vibration power concentration are estimated in near-real time using backscatter vibration that is retransmitted from resonating stones while encoding information on the stones' existence, size and composition. Backscatter vibration thus informs adaptive tailoring of stimulation vibration for lithotripsy that is (1) relatively safer and (2) more efficient.
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