摘要:
Example embodiments relate to a method of forming a hardened porous dielectric layer. The method may include forming a dielectric layer containing porogens on a substrate, transforming the dielectric layer into a porous dielectric layer using a first UV curing process to remove the porogens from the dielectric layer, and transforming the porous dielectric layer into a crosslinked porous dielectric layer using a second UV curing process to generate crosslinks in the porous dielectric layer.
摘要:
Disclosed therein is a reamer for operating implant, which can very usefully apply an implant operation to a patient who is short of bone quantity to the maxillary sinus, which is easier and safer than a conventional hammering method using a drill and an osteotome or a conventional operation method for transplanting a bone or planting an implant after forming a bone window on a maxillary sinus side wall, and which can reduce a treatment time period and treatment costs by minimizing the patient's pain occurring before and after the operation of the implant. A cutting part of the reamer includes: a protruding face formed on the top surface thereof in such a manner as to upwardly upheave a partial surface including an outer circumference of the cutting part of the entire top surface of the cutting part to form a stepped jaw; a depressed face formed on the top surface thereof in such a manner as to depress a partial surface of the entire top surface of the cutting part to be opposite to the protruding face according to the formation of the protruding face, the depressed face having a reverse inclination in a clockwise direction; a cut edge horizontally formed on a connected portion between the stepped jaw and the protruding face so that the cut edge evenly disperses a force while being in horizontal line contact with the mucosa even though the cut edge is in contact with the mucosa of the maxillary sinus so as to allow a dentist to perform a cutting work safely without damaging a mucosa of a maxillary sinus; and a discharge path longitudinally formed on the cutting part in such a manner as to cut an area ranging from a partial surface of the top surface of the cutting part, i.e., a predetermined portion between the protruding face and the depressed face to a portion which is slightly shorter than the lower end of the cutting part.
摘要:
A method of fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a lower device on a lower semiconductor substrate, and forming an interlayer insulating film on the lower device. An upper semiconductor substrate is formed on the interlayer insulating film such that the interlayer insulating film is between the lower and upper semiconductor substrates. Upper trenches are formed within the upper semiconductor substrate. An upper device isolating film is formed within the upper trenches. The upper device isolating film is irradiated with ultraviolet light having a wavelength configured to break chemical bonds of impurities in the upper device isolating film to reduce an impurity concentration thereof.