摘要:
A method of powerline communications (PLC) over a PLC channel including a first node and at least a second node utilizes an algorithm that compiles frames having extended duration physical layer (PHY) headers. A duration or estimated duration of a null of the PLC channel is provided. An extended duration PHY header is compiled including a plurality of symbols and bits having a time duration of the PHY header of at least fifty percent (50%) more than the duration or estimated duration of the null. The compiling includes symbol repetition of at least a portion of the plurality of symbols or bit repetition of at least a portion of the plurality of bits. The first node transmits a frame including a preamble and the extended duration PHY header over the PLC channel to at least the second node.
摘要:
A method of powerline communications in a powerline communications (PLC) network including a first node and at least a second node. The first node transmits a data frame to the second node over a PLC channel. The second node has a data buffer for storing received information. The second node runs a flow control algorithm which determines a current congestion condition or a projected congestion condition of the data buffer based on at least one congestion parameter. The current congestion condition and projected congestion condition include nearly congested and fully congested. When the current or projected congestion condition is either nearly congested or fully congested, the second node transmits a BUSY including frame over the PLC channel to at least the first node. The first node defers transmitting of any frames to the second node for a congestion clearing wait time.
摘要:
A method of powerline communications (PLC) includes compiling a data frame for physical layer (PHY) by a first communications device at a first communications node on a powerline of a PLC network. The data frame includes a single tone PHY header portion and a data payload portion in a set of tones including at least one tone having a frequency different from a frequency of the single tone. The PHY header portion includes tone mask identification information identifying the set of tones. The first communications device transmits the data frame over the powerline to a second communications device at a second communications node on the powerline. The second communications device receives the data frame, and decodes the data payload using the tone mask identification information in the PHY header portion.
摘要:
A system and method for classifying a channel with regard to delay spread in a wireless network applying orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. In one embodiment, a wireless receiver includes a channel classifier. The channel classifier is configured to compute a channel estimate corresponding to a channel traversed by a packet received by the wireless receiver. The channel classifier is also configured to partition the channel estimate into a plurality of windows. Each window corresponds to a range of time of the channel estimate. The channel classifier is further configured to assign a delay spread classification to the channel based on a distribution of energy across the windows.
摘要:
Systems and methods for building, transmitting, and receiving frame structures in power line communications (PLC) are described. Various techniques described herein provide a preamble design using one or more symbols based on a chirp signal that yields a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). According to some techniques, the preamble may be constructed with one or more different types and/or number of symbols configured to identify a PLC domain operating in close physical proximity to another PLC domain. According to other techniques, one or more preamble symbols may be interspersed within a header portion of a PLC frame to facilitate estimation of a frame boundary and/or sampling frequency offset, for example, in the presence of impulsive noise. According to yet other techniques, a PLC detector may be capable of receiving and decoding two or more types of PLC frames (e.g., using different PLC standards).
摘要:
Apparatus and methods for scanning for access points (APs) for wireless local area network (WLAN) positioning. In one embodiment a wireless device includes a WLAN positioning system. The WLAN positioning system includes an AP scanner. The AP scanner is configured to determine which WLAN channels are being used by APs proximate to the wireless device. The AP scanner is also configured to scan for AP transmissions only the WLAN channels determined to be used by APs proximate to the wireless device. The AP scanner is further configured to extract signal strength and AP identification information for WLAN positioning from the AP transmissions on the scanned channels.
摘要:
Embodiments provide a system and method for efficiently classifying different channel types in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. Embodiments quantify the frequency selectivity in a channel by measuring the variation in a particular channel statistic across sub-carriers in an OFDM system, involve minimal complexity in implementation, and can be used in a variety of scenarios. One embodiment is a method for classifying channels in an OFDM system, comprising measuring variation of at least one channel statistic across sub-carriers, quantifying the variation to determine a measurement value, and applying the measurement value to at least one threshold to classify the channel.
摘要:
Embodiments provide a transform-based method for representing steering matrices in transmit beamforming for a multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system. Beamforming embodiments generate a transform-based representation of steering matrices for at least a subset of sub-carriers for which channel information is known. In some embodiments, a beamformer is able to receive transform matrices information for at least a subset of channel sub-carriers, and generate corresponding channel sub-carrier steering matrices. Some embodiments of a beamformee are able to map at least a subset of channel sub-carrier steering matrices to corresponding transform matrices information prior to transmitting the transform matrix information to a beamformer. Other embodiments of a beamformer are able to receive channel information for at least a subset of sub-carriers of a channel, and compute a transform-based representation of a steering matrix for each sub-carrier for which channel information is known.
摘要:
Visual codes are scanned to assist navigation. The visual code may be a Quick Response (QR) code that contains information useful to calibrating a variety of navigation-based sensors such as gyroscopes, e-compasses, and barometric pressure sensors.
摘要:
A personal navigation device configured to determine heading readings continuously using data from a sensor in the personal navigation device. Heading readings are selected corresponding to a periodic event. A representative heading is determined from the selected heading readings. When a portion of the selected heading readings has a value within a range of the representative heading, a static heading indicator is asserted to indicate the personal navigation device is moving in a static heading. The static heading indicator may be used to smooth an estimated trajectory of the personal navigation device.