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公开(公告)号：US5050949A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-24
申请号：US542296
申请日：1990-06-22
CPC分类号： H01S3/06758 , H01S2301/04 , H01S3/094003
摘要： In this invention there is disclosed a multi-stage optical fiber amplifier for providing a new functon, that of gain equalization. The disclosed multi-stage optical fiber amplifier comprises at least two stages of amplification where each stage comprises an amplifying fiber having a different gain spectrum. In one embodiment the two stages, which can be pumped separately, have different dopant compositions to provide each stage with a different gain spectrum. The disclosed multi-stage optical fiber amplifier provides overall gain spectrum equalization of the amplified channels of long haul transmission lines. Typically, gain equalization can adjust the gain of one channel while maintaining the gain of a second channel constant. When used in combination with automatic gain control, the amplifier gain can be equalized dynamically to compensate for random variations in the relative optical power of wavelength-multiplexed signals to prevent system impairment caused by low-power channels.
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32.发明授权Fiber-based photonic microdevices with sub-wavelength scale variations in fiber radius 有权光纤半径的亚波长尺度变化的光纤微器件公开(公告)号：US08755653B2
公开(公告)日：2014-06-17
申请号：US13396780
申请日：2012-02-15
CPC分类号： G02B6/4201 , G01M11/37 , G02B6/02052 , G02B6/0229 , G02B6/107 , G02B6/293 , G02B6/29341
摘要： Complex, coupled photonic microdevices are formed to include sub-wavelength-sized radial perturbations sufficient to create resonant cavities, where these devices may be formed along the length of a single optical fiber and coupled together to form relatively complex photonic devices. By carefully selecting the placement and separation of these local radius variations, and using microfibers (or other suitable arrangements) to couple optical signals into and out of the device fiber, resonances in the form of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are created in the device fiber such that a number of coupled microstructures (such as ring resonators) may be formed.
摘要翻译： 复合耦合光子微器件形成为包括足以产生谐振腔的亚波长尺寸的径向扰动，其中这些器件可以沿着单个光纤的长度形成并且耦合在一起以形成相对复杂的光子器件。 通过仔细选择这些局部半径变化的放置和分离，并且使用微纤维（或其他合适的布置）将光信号耦合到和移出设备光纤，在设备中创建以语音库模式（WGM）形式的谐振 纤维，使得可以形成多个耦合微结构（例如环形谐振器）。
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公开(公告)号：US20120213474A1
公开(公告)日：2012-08-23
申请号：US13396780
申请日：2012-02-15
IPC分类号： G02B6/26
CPC分类号： G02B6/4201 , G01M11/37 , G02B6/02052 , G02B6/0229 , G02B6/107 , G02B6/293 , G02B6/29341
摘要： Complex, coupled photonic microdevices are formed to include sub-wavelength-sized radial perturbations sufficient to create resonant cavities, where these devices may be formed along the length of a single optical fiber and coupled together to form relatively complex photonic devices. By carefully selecting the placement and separation of these local radius variations, and using microfibers (or other suitable arrangements) to couple optical signals into and out of the device fiber, resonances in the form of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are created in the device fiber such that a number of coupled microstructures (such as ring resonators) may be formed.
摘要翻译： 复合耦合光子微器件形成为包括足以产生谐振腔的亚波长尺寸的径向扰动，其中这些器件可以沿着单个光纤的长度形成并且耦合在一起以形成相对复杂的光子器件。 通过仔细选择这些局部半径变化的放置和分离，并且使用微纤维（或其他合适的布置）将光信号耦合到和移出设备光纤，在设备中创建以语音库模式（WGM）形式的谐振 纤维，使得可以形成多个耦合微结构（例如环形谐振器）。
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公开(公告)号：US20100290106A1
公开(公告)日：2010-11-18
申请号：US12778012
申请日：2010-05-11
IPC分类号： H01S3/30
CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 , H01S3/0064 , H01S3/0078 , H01S3/06708 , H01S3/06733 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/06758 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/08086 , H01S3/094007 , H01S3/094042 , H01S3/094046 , H01S3/09408 , H01S3/094084 , H01S3/09415 , H01S3/1608 , H01S3/1618 , H01S3/2375 , H01S3/302
摘要： A light generation and amplification system includes a length of laser-active filter fiber having a refractive index profile that suppresses unwanted Stokes orders at wavelengths longer than a target wavelength and that has normal dispersion over its operating wavelength. A nested series of reflectors is provided at the fiber's input and output ends, and are configured to provide a nested series of Raman cavities, separated in wavelength by approximately the respective Stokes shifts. The first cavity in the series is a combined cavity that provides laser oscillation due to a combination of ionic gain and feedback at a selected first wavelength and that provides Raman gain to light at the first Stokes shift of the first wavelength when light at the first wavelength has an energy exceeding a Raman scattering threshold. The Raman cavities provide a stepwise transition between the first wavelength and the target wavelength.
摘要翻译： 光生成和放大系统包括一定长度的具有折射率分布的激光有源滤波器光纤，该折射率分布在比目标波长更长的波长处抑制不期望的斯托克斯阶数，并且在其工作波长上具有正常色散。 在光纤的输入和输出端提供嵌套系列的反射器，并且被配置成提供一个嵌套的拉曼腔系列，其波长分开大约相应的斯托克斯位移。 该系列中的第一个空腔是由于在所选择的第一波长处的离子增益和反馈的组合而提供激光振荡的组合腔，并且当第一波长的光在第一波长的第一斯托克斯位移时提供拉曼增益 具有超过拉曼散射阈值的能量。 拉曼腔提供第一波长和目标波长之间的逐步转变。
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公开(公告)号：US20100148383A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-17
申请号：US12316740
申请日：2008-12-15
CPC分类号： G02B6/02247 , C03C25/62
摘要： A method of creating optical fiber to exhibit predetermined length-dependent characteristics (e.g., chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, cutoff wavelength, birefringence) includes the steps of: characterizing the fiber's selected characteristic(s) as a function of length; and performing a “treatment” which modifies the refractive index over the given length to adjust the defined parameter to fall within a defined tolerance window. These steps may be repeated one or more times until the measure of the parameter falls with the defined tolerance limits. The treatment process may include, for example, a low energy actinic radiation exposure, anneal, mechanical strain, DC voltage, plasma application, etc. Indeed, if the treatment process is repeated, a different technique may be used to adjust the refractive index (“different” processes include, for example, modifying the strength/time of a UV exposure, temperatures for annealing, etc.).
摘要翻译： 产生光纤以呈现预定长度相关特性（例如，色散，偏振模色散，截止波长，双折射）的方法包括以下步骤：将光纤的选定特性表征为长度的函数; 并且执行修改在给定长度上的折射率的“处理”，以将限定的参数调整到落入限定的公差窗内。 这些步骤可以重复一次或多次，直到参数的测量值与定义的公差极限一致。 处理过程可以包括例如低能量光化辐射暴露，退火，机械应变，DC电压，等离子体施加等。实际上，如果重复处理过程，则可以使用不同的技术来调节折射率（ “不同”方法包括例如改变UV暴露的强度/时间，退火温度等）。
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36.发明授权Large mode area fiber amplifiers with reduced stimulated brillouin scattering 有权具有减小的受激布里渊散射的大模式区域光纤放大器公开(公告)号：US07627219B2
公开(公告)日：2009-12-01
申请号：US11982694
申请日：2007-11-01
CPC分类号： G02B6/03694 , G02B6/02009 , G02B6/02023 , H01S3/06708 , H01S3/0672 , H01S3/06754
摘要： A large mode area fiber amplifier suitable for high power applications includes a core region specifically configured to allow for high power operation while also limiting the amount of SBS that is generated. The composition of the core region is selected to include a dopant (such as aluminum) in selected areas to reduce the acoustic refractive index of the core and limit the spatial overlap between the acoustic and optical fields. The acoustic refractive index is also structured so that the acoustic field is refracted away from the central core area. In one embodiment, the core may comprise a depressed index center portion and surrounding ring core area, with the center portion including the aluminum doping and the ring formed to have a diameter less that the phonon decay length for the operating wavelength(s).
摘要翻译： 适用于大功率应用的大模式区域光纤放大器包括专门配置为允许高功率操作同时也限制所产生的SBS量的核心区域。 核心区域的组成被选择为在选定区域中包括掺杂剂（例如铝）以降低芯的声折射率并限制声场和光场之间的空间重叠。 声折射率也被构造成使声场从中心芯区域折射出来。 在一个实施例中，芯可以包括凹陷的折射率中心部分和环绕的环形芯区域，其中心部分包括铝掺杂和形成为具有小于工作波长的声子衰减长度的直径。
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公开(公告)号：US20090116800A1
公开(公告)日：2009-05-07
申请号：US11982694
申请日：2007-11-01
IPC分类号： G02B6/028
CPC分类号： G02B6/03694 , G02B6/02009 , G02B6/02023 , H01S3/06708 , H01S3/0672 , H01S3/06754
摘要： A large mode area fiber amplifier suitable for high power applications includes a core region specifically configured to allow for high power operation while also limiting the amount of SBS that is generated. The composition of the core region is selected to include a dopant (such as aluminum) in selected areas to reduce the acoustic refractive index of the core and limit the spatial overlap between the acoustic and optical fields. The acoustic refractive index is also structured so that the acoustic field is refracted away from the central core area. In one embodiment, the core may comprise a depressed index center portion and surrounding ring core area, with the center portion including the aluminum doping and the ring formed to have a diameter less that the phonon decay length for the operating wavelength(s).
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公开(公告)号：US20090090614A1
公开(公告)日：2009-04-09
申请号：US11973568
申请日：2007-10-09
IPC分类号： C07B63/00
CPC分类号： B82Y40/00 , B82Y30/00 , C01B32/168
摘要： Described is a method for fractionalizing nanoparticles according to the conductivity of the particle, thus enabling the production of large numbers of particles with uniform conductivity. The method is based on a modified thermophoresis process wherein a temperature gradient is produced in a mixture of particles and the most conductive particles are selectively deposited on a warm surface. In contrast to conventional thermophoresis methods, the temperature gradient that drives the fractionalization process is produced using a light source.
摘要翻译： 描述了根据颗粒的电导率分级纳米颗粒的方法，从而能够生产具有均匀导电性的大量颗粒。 该方法基于改进的热泳方法，其中在颗粒混合物中产生温度梯度，并且最热传导的颗粒被选择性地沉积在温暖的表面上。 与传统的热泳方法相比，使用光源产生驱动分级过程的温度梯度。
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公开(公告)号：US20080069506A1
公开(公告)日：2008-03-20
申请号：US11497223
申请日：2006-08-01
IPC分类号： G02B6/02
CPC分类号： G02B6/02009 , G02B6/02019 , G02B6/032 , G02B6/03611 , G02B6/4296
摘要： The specification describes optical fiber designs that overcome the problem of self-induced damage to optical fibers due to excessive self-focusing. The refractive index of these fiber designs is grossly non-uniform in the center core of the optical fiber. In one embodiment, the optical fiber is designed with a deliberate and steep core trench. In addition, the nominal core region of these optical fibers has a very large area. The combination of these two properties restricts a large portion of the optical power envelope to a core ring, with reduced optical power inside the core ring. These designs substantially reduce self-focusing in the optical fiber. Photonic systems employing optical fibers having these modified core designs are expected to be especially effective for transmitting high power, e.g., greater than 1 MW, with short pulse duration.
摘要翻译： 本说明书描述了光纤设计，其克服了由于过度的自聚焦引起的对光纤的自损坏的问题。 这些光纤设计的折射率在光纤的中心纤芯上是非常不均匀的。 在一个实施例中，光纤被设计成具有有意且陡峭的芯沟槽。 此外，这些光纤的标称核心区域具有非常大的面积。 这两个性质的组合将光功率包络的大部分限制到芯环，芯圈内的光功率降低。 这些设计大大减少了光纤中的自聚焦。 使用具有这些改进的核心设计的光纤的光子系统预期对于以短脉冲持续时间传输大功率（例如大于1MW）是特别有效的。
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公开(公告)号：US5259046A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-02
申请号：US955002
申请日：1992-10-01
CPC分类号： H01S3/06708 , H01S3/0672
摘要： Optical waveguide amplifiers and lasers having a novel fluorescent dopant distribution are disclosed. Exemplarily, in a Si-based optical fiber the fluorescent dopant (e.g., Er) has an annular distribution, with the concentration maximum not at the center of the core but typically between the center and the core/cladding interface. The novel waveguides can be relatively insensitive to variations in cut-off wavelength and/or modal distribution of pump power.
摘要翻译： 公开了具有新型荧光掺杂剂分布的光波导放大器和激光器。 示例性地，在Si基光纤中，荧光掺杂剂（例如，Er）具有环形分布，其浓度最大值不在芯的中心，但通常在中心和芯/包层界面之间。 新型波导对于切断波长的变化和/或泵浦功率的模态分布可能相对不敏感。
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