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    Large mode area fiber amplifiers with reduced stimulated brillouin scattering
    2.
    发明申请
    Large mode area fiber amplifiers with reduced stimulated brillouin scattering 有权
    具有减小的受激布里渊散射的大模式区域光纤放大器

    公开(公告)号：US20100046898A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-02-25

    申请号：US12583422

    申请日：2009-08-20

    申请人： David J. DiGiovanni ,  Marc D. Mermelstein

    发明人： David J. DiGiovanni ,  Marc D. Mermelstein

    IPC分类号： G02B6/028 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/00

    CPC分类号： G02B6/03694 ,  G02B6/02009 ,  G02B6/02023 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/0672 ,  H01S3/06754

    摘要： A large mode area fiber amplifier suitable for high power applications includes a core region specifically configured to allow for high power operation while also limiting the amount of SBS that is generated. The composition of the core region is selected to include a dopant (such as aluminum) in selected areas to reduce the acoustic refractive index of the core and limit the spatial overlap between the acoustic and optical fields. The acoustic refractive index is also structured so that the acoustic field is refracted away from the central core area. In one embodiment, the core may comprise a depressed index center portion and surrounding ring core area, with the center portion including the aluminum doping and the ring formed to have a diameter less that the phonon decay length for the operating wavelength(s).

    摘要翻译： 适用于大功率应用的大模式区域光纤放大器包括专门配置为允许高功率操作同时也限制所产生的SBS量的核心区域。 核心区域的组成被选择为在选定区域中包括掺杂剂（例如铝）以降低芯的声折射率并限制声场和光场之间的空间重叠。 声折射率也被构造成使声场从中心芯区域折射出来。 在一个实施例中，芯可以包括凹陷的折射率中心部分和环绕的环形芯区域，其中心部分包​​括铝掺杂和形成为具有小于工作波长的声子衰减长度的直径。

    Large mode area fiber amplifiers with reduced stimulated brillouin scattering
    3.
    发明授权
    Large mode area fiber amplifiers with reduced stimulated brillouin scattering 有权
    具有减小的受激布里渊散射的大模式区域光纤放大器

    公开(公告)号：US07627219B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-12-01

    申请号：US11982694

    申请日：2007-11-01

    申请人： David J. DiGiovanni ,  Marc D. Mermelstein

    发明人： David J. DiGiovanni ,  Marc D. Mermelstein

    IPC分类号： G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/028 ,  G02B6/00

    CPC分类号： G02B6/03694 ,  G02B6/02009 ,  G02B6/02023 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/0672 ,  H01S3/06754

    摘要： A large mode area fiber amplifier suitable for high power applications includes a core region specifically configured to allow for high power operation while also limiting the amount of SBS that is generated. The composition of the core region is selected to include a dopant (such as aluminum) in selected areas to reduce the acoustic refractive index of the core and limit the spatial overlap between the acoustic and optical fields. The acoustic refractive index is also structured so that the acoustic field is refracted away from the central core area. In one embodiment, the core may comprise a depressed index center portion and surrounding ring core area, with the center portion including the aluminum doping and the ring formed to have a diameter less that the phonon decay length for the operating wavelength(s).

    摘要翻译： 适用于大功率应用的大模式区域光纤放大器包括专门配置为允许高功率操作同时也限制所产生的SBS量的核心区域。 核心区域的组成被选择为在选定区域中包括掺杂剂（例如铝）以降低芯的声折射率并限制声场和光场之间的空间重叠。 声折射率也被构造成使声场从中心芯区域折射出来。 在一个实施例中，芯可以包括凹陷的折射率中心部分和环绕的环形芯区域，其中心部分包​​括铝掺杂和形成为具有小于工作波长的声子衰减长度的直径。

    Large mode area fiber amplifiers with reduced stimulated brillouin scattering
    4.
    发明申请
    Large mode area fiber amplifiers with reduced stimulated brillouin scattering 有权

    公开(公告)号：US20090116800A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-05-07

    申请号：US11982694

    申请日：2007-11-01

    申请人： David J. DiGiovanni ,  Marc D. Mermelstein

    发明人： David J. DiGiovanni ,  Marc D. Mermelstein

    IPC分类号： G02B6/028

    CPC分类号： G02B6/03694 ,  G02B6/02009 ,  G02B6/02023 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/0672 ,  H01S3/06754

    摘要： A large mode area fiber amplifier suitable for high power applications includes a core region specifically configured to allow for high power operation while also limiting the amount of SBS that is generated. The composition of the core region is selected to include a dopant (such as aluminum) in selected areas to reduce the acoustic refractive index of the core and limit the spatial overlap between the acoustic and optical fields. The acoustic refractive index is also structured so that the acoustic field is refracted away from the central core area. In one embodiment, the core may comprise a depressed index center portion and surrounding ring core area, with the center portion including the aluminum doping and the ring formed to have a diameter less that the phonon decay length for the operating wavelength(s).

    Method of controlling longitudinal properties of optical fiber
    5.
    发明授权
    Method of controlling longitudinal properties of optical fiber 有权
    控制光纤纵向特性的方法

    公开(公告)号：US08591777B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-11-26

    申请号：US12316740

    申请日：2008-12-15

    申请人： David J. DiGiovanni ,  Jeffrey W. Nicholson ,  Paul S. Westbrook ,  Man F. Yan

    发明人： David J. DiGiovanni ,  Jeffrey W. Nicholson ,  Paul S. Westbrook ,  Man F. Yan

    IPC分类号： B29D11/00

    CPC分类号： G02B6/02247 ,  C03C25/62

    摘要： A method of creating optical fiber to exhibit predetermined length-dependent characteristics (e.g., chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, cutoff wavelength, birefringence) includes the steps of: characterizing the fiber's selected characteristic(s) as a function of length; and performing a “treatment” which modifies the refractive index over the given length to adjust the defined parameter to fall within a defined tolerance window. These steps may be repeated one or more times until the measure of the parameter falls with the defined tolerance limits. The treatment process may include, for example, a low energy actinic radiation exposure, anneal, mechanical strain, DC voltage, plasma application, etc. Indeed, if the treatment process is repeated, a different technique may be used to adjust the refractive index (“different” processes include, for example, modifying the strength/time of a UV exposure, temperatures for annealing, etc.).

    摘要翻译： 产生光纤以呈现预定长度相关特性（例如，色散，偏振模色散，截止波长，双折射）的方法包括以下步骤：将光纤的选定特性表征为长度的函数; 并且执行修改在给定长度上的折射率的“处理”，以将限定的参数调整到落入限定的公差窗内。 这些步骤可以重复一次或多次，直到参数的测量值与定义的公差极限一致。 处理过程可以包括例如低能量光化辐射暴露，退火，机械应变，DC电压，等离子体施加等。实际上，如果重复处理过程，则可以使用不同的技术来调节折射率（ “不同”方法包括例如改变UV暴露的强度/时间，退火温度等）。

    Method of making optical fiber with low melting glass core
    7.
    发明授权
    Method of making optical fiber with low melting glass core 失效
    低熔点玻璃芯制作光纤的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5609665A

    公开(公告)日：1997-03-11

    申请号：US521934

    申请日：1995-08-31

    申请人： Allan J. Bruce ,  David J. DiGiovanni

    发明人： Allan J. Bruce ,  David J. DiGiovanni

    IPC分类号： G02B6/00 ,  C03B37/012 ,  C03B37/014 ,  C03C13/04

    CPC分类号： C03B37/0124 ,  C03B37/01245 ,  C03B37/01274 ,  C03B2201/02 ,  C03B2201/31 ,  C03B2201/32 ,  C03B2201/34 ,  C03B2201/36 ,  C03B2201/50 ,  C03B2201/86

    摘要： The disclosed method of making a mixed glass optical fiber exemplarily comprises providing a high-silica tube, and causing molten non-high silica glass to flow into the bore of the tube by application of a pressure differential. In order to prevent cracking, the tube desirably has an outer diameter/inner diameter ratio of at least 5, preferably about 10 or even more, and an inner diameter of at most 1 min. In a preferred embodiment, a conventional SiO.sub.2 tube is partially collapsed to an inner diameter less than 1 mm, a quantity of a non-high-silica glass is placed in a neck of the partially collapsed tube and heated such that molten glass communicates with the reduced-diameter portion of the bore and can be drawn into the reduced-diameter portion by means of a vacuum. The resulting mixed glass body is then further stretched to result in a core rod of core diameter at most 0.3 min. After overcladding the core rod with SiO.sub.2, fiber is drawn from the thus produced preform. A thus produced fiber with SiO.sub.2 cladding and SiO.sub.2 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -La.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Er.sub.2 O.sub.3 core was used as an optical fiber amplifier and provided high gain.

    摘要翻译： 公开的制造混合玻璃光纤的方法示例性地包括提供高硅胶管，并且使熔融的非高硅石玻璃通过施加压差而流入管的孔中。 为了防止开裂，管理想地具有至少5，优选约10甚至更​​大，内径至多1分钟的外径/内径比。 在一个优选实施例中，常规的SiO 2管部分地塌陷到小于1mm的内径，将非高硅石玻璃的量放置在部分塌缩的管的颈部中并加热使得熔融玻璃与 孔的缩径部分并且可以通过真空被拉入缩径部分。 然后将得到的混合玻璃体进一步拉伸，得到芯直径至多0.3分钟的芯棒。 在用SiO 2包覆芯棒之后，从如此制备的预制件中拉出纤维。 将由此制得的具有SiO 2包层的纤维和SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -Sa 2 O 3 -Er 2 O 3核心用作光纤放大器并提供高增益。

    High power, high gain, low noise, two-stage optical amplifier
    8.
    发明授权
    High power, high gain, low noise, two-stage optical amplifier 失效
    大功率，高增益，低噪声，两级光放大器

    公开(公告)号：US5430572A

    公开(公告)日：1995-07-04

    申请号：US129825

    申请日：1993-09-30

    申请人： David J. DiGiovanni ,  Joseph D. Evankow ,  Jonathan A. Nagel ,  Richard G. Smart ,  James W. Sulhoff ,  John L. Zyskind

    发明人： David J. DiGiovanni ,  Joseph D. Evankow ,  Jonathan A. Nagel ,  Richard G. Smart ,  James W. Sulhoff ,  John L. Zyskind

    IPC分类号： G02B6/00 ,  C03C13/04 ,  H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/07 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/10 ,  H01S3/17 ,  G02B6/26

    CPC分类号： H01S3/06758 ,  H01S2301/02 ,  H01S3/0078 ,  H01S3/094061 ,  H01S3/09408 ,  H04B2210/003

    摘要： High output power, high gain, and low noise are achieved in a two-stage optical amplifier, suitable for use as a repeater for a long haul lightwave communication system, in accordance with the principles of the invention, by employing a first amplifying stage having a signal gain sufficiently small to prevent self-saturation by amplified stimulated emission (ASE) that uses counter-propagating pump light to cause maximum inversion of the first stage amplifying medium. In an illustrative embodiment of the invention, EDFAs are used in each of two amplifying stages. The length of the EDFA in the first stage is short enough to ensure nearly complete inversion of the EDFA from pump light that counter-propagates with the signal. The counter-propagating pump light allows the invention to advantageously avoid the significant noise figure penalty from the input loss associated with co-propagating pump light. And, noise figure is improved because complete inversion is achieved throughout the EDFA, and, at the input where the noise figure is most sensitive to inversion. The short length also eliminates self-saturation of the EDFA from ASE which degrades the noise figure. However, the length, and hence the gain, of the EDFA in the first stage is long enough to provide sufficient gain so that the noise figure of the two-stage amplifier, as a whole, is determined primarily by that of the first stage. A second EDFA in the second stage of the amplifier may then be configured using co-propagating or counter-propagating pump light for additional signal amplification to provide the required output power and gain for long haul lightwave systems. Other aspects of illustrative embodiments of the invention include the use of passive optical elements including filters, isolators, and attenuators.

    摘要翻译： 在根据本发明的原理的适合用作长距离光波通信系统的中继器的两级光放大器中实现高输出功率，高增益和低噪声，通过采用第一放大级具有 信号增益足够小以通过使用反向传播的泵浦光来引起第一级放大介质的最大反转的放大的受激发射（ASE）来防止自饱和。 在本发明的说明性实施例中，EDFA用于两个放大级中的每一个。 EDFA在第一阶段的长度足够短，以确保EDFA与泵浦光几乎完全反转，该信号与信号反向传播。 反向传播的泵浦光允许本发明有利地避免与共同传播的泵浦光相关联的输入损耗的显着的噪声指数损失。 并且，噪声系数得到改善，因为在整个EDFA中完成了反演，并且在噪声系数对反演最敏感的输入处。 短的长度还消除了ASE中EDFA的自饱和度，降低了噪声系数。 然而，EDFA在第一级中的长度以及因此的增益足够长以提供足够的增益，使得两级放大器的噪声系数作为整体主要由第一级决定。 然后可以使用共同传播或反向传播的泵浦光来配置放大器的第二级中的第二EDFA，用于附加的信号放大，以为远距离的光波系统提供所需的输出功率和增益。 本发明的说明性实施例的其它方面包括使用包括滤波器，隔离器和衰减器的无源光学元件。