摘要:
A variable focus lens comprising a first fluid (A) and a second, non-miscible, fluid (B) in contact over a meniscus. A first electrode (2) separated from the fluid bodies by a fluid contact layer (10), and a second electrode (12) in contact with the first fluid to cause an electrowetting effect whereby the shape of the meniscus is altered. The fluid contact layer has a substantially cylindrical inner wall.
摘要:
A projection-type color image display system uses a reflective liquid crystal (LC) light modulator (24) and a polarizing beam-splitter (22) for separating the incoming and reflected light. Light from the source arrives on a first axis (28) and is reflected outward, with the imposed image, along a second axis (30) through a projection lens (26). In order to produce a high contrast image, a pre-polarizer (36, 42, 48) and/or post-polarizer (44, 50) are used to restore the selectivity and, consequently, optical system contrast for the wide “cone of acceptance” of light rays which are common in projection systems. In order to improve the system contrast, the pre- and/or post-polarizer is arranged along the first and second axis, respectively, with its polarizer absorbing axis extending parallel to the normal n of the reflective surface (34, 46) of the PBS.
摘要:
An optical head scans the information layer (3) of an optical record carrier (1) by means of a radiation beam (13). Optical aberrations in the beam such as coma and spherical aberration, caused by tilt and thickness variations in the optical disc respectively, are compensated by an aberration compensator (27) arranged in the radiation beam. The tilt or thickness variation is measured by a detector (30) and used to control the aberration compensator. The radiation beam is focused onto the information layer by an objective system (11). A displacement of the objective system in the transverse direction (26) as used for radial tracking of the optical beam, causes a mismatch between the wavefront to be compensated and the wavefront introduced by the aberration compensator (27). The detrimental effects of the mismatch are reduced by compensating only part of the aberration. The degree of compensation depends on the maximum displacement of the objective system and the tolerable wavefront error.
摘要:
A method of measuring a characteristic optionally a clinical characteristic of a cancer test cell sample comprising: characterizing nuclear organization of DNA of the test cell sample: obtaining DNA image data of the cancer test cell sample nuclei using microscopy, processing the image data using granulometry to obtain one or more data points corresponding to DNA occupied space and/or DNA low space; and quantifying a feature of the DNA occupied space and/or a feature of the DNA low space.
摘要:
In a first aspect, a method for use in biology, histology, and pathology, comprises: providing a digital first image (44) of a first slice (12) of an object (10) comprising biological material; generating a digital second image (46) of a second slice (14) of the object; determining a region of interest (50) in the second image on the basis of a region of interest (48) in the first image; determining a region of interest in the second slice on the basis of the region of interest (50) in the second image; and extracting material from the region of interest in the second slice. In another aspect, an information processing system, for use in biology, histology and pathology, comprises: a predefined set of process identifiers (64); a set of data records (68, 70, 72) associated with an object (10) comprising biological material, wherein each of the data records comprises: a slice identifier identifying a slice (12; 14) of the object, and a process identifier selected from the set of process identifiers, the process identifier indicating a process to which the slice is intended to be subjected; a user interface (52, 56, 58, 60) for enabling a user to select a data record (68) from the set of data records.
摘要:
An apparatus (10) for analyzing a fluid (18) of volume V comprises—a filter (12) having a filter surface (14) or area A, the filter being capable of allowing the fluid to flow through the filter surface, the fluid's volumetric flow density, averaged over the filter surface, being jmean; and—a scanner for scanning the filter surface with a scan rate B; wherein the area A substantially coincides with an optimum area Aopt defined as Formula (I). The sum of a filtering time and a scanning time may thereby be minimized. In another aspect, an apparatus (10) comprises—a set of at least two filters, each filter in the set of filters having a filter surface of area A and being capable of allowing the fluid to flow through the filter surface, the area A having a different value for each of the filters; and—a mechanism for selecting one (12) of the filters and placing the selected filter (12) in an operating position; and—a scanner for scanning the filter surface face (14) of the selected filter (12).
摘要:
The invention provides a method of determining the distortion of an imaging system (32), the imaging system having an object plane (40) and an image plane (42). The method comprises the steps of determining (204) the positions of the image light spots (46) on a sensitive area (44) of an image sensor (34) by analyzing the image data; and fitting (205) a mapping function such that the mapping function maps the lattice points of an auxiliary lattice (48) into the positions of the image light spots (46), wherein the auxiliary lattice (48) is geometrically similar to the Bravais lattice (8) of the probe light spots (6). The invention also provides a method of imaging a sample, using an imaging system (32) having an object plane (40) and an image plane (42), the method comprising the steps of determining (304) readout points on the sensitive area (44) of an image sensor (34) by applying a mapping function to the lattice points of an auxiliary lattice (48), the auxiliary lattice being geometrically similar to a Bravais lattice (8) of probe light spots (6); and reading (305) image data from the readout points on the sensitive area (44). Also disclosed are a measuring system (10) for determining the distortion of an imaging system, and a multispot optical scanning device (10).
摘要:
The present invention concerns a lens system. More specifically, it concerns a lens system comprising a first lens (3), a deflection element (5) and a second lens (6), wherein the deflection element (5) is arranged between the first lens (3) and the second lens (6). The deflection element comprises at least a first annular zone and a second annular zone, the annular zones being arranged in a concentric fashion and wherein the deflection angle of each annular zone is different from the deflection angle of every other annular zone. Furthermore, the present invention concerns a temperature analysis system comprising a lens system and the use of a temperature analysis system.
摘要:
A method and an apparatus for generating a polarized light beam to be projected onto an object plane are provided. A converging or diverging light beam (18) is generated. The converging or diverging light beam is projected through a member (22, 52) comprising an uniaxial birefringent material, the uniaxial birefringent material having a symmetry axis essentially parallel to the optical axis (12) of the light beam, and the member being placed at a distance from the object plane. Thereby, it is possible to create, for example a radially polarized beam that can be used for various optical purposes, e.g. for optical data reading/writing or for microscopy.
摘要:
A signal processing technique is proposed for compensating for radial to focus crosstalk in an optical storage system including an astigmatic lens (25) and four-quadrant photodetector (26) for generating a focus error signal. A signal processor generates the focus error signal (FESRVO), a tracking error signal (TES) and a central aperture signal (CA) and the proposed radial and focus crosstalk scheme can be described by the following equation (I): Where IFESRVO represents the improved focus error signal and y1j and y2j are vector components for scaling. Instead, scalar adaptive scaling factors γ1 and γ2 may be applied which can be updated by minimising a cost function J(y1, y2), which is able to imply the radial to focus crosstalk components remaining in the focus error signal.