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公开(公告)号：US5659478A
公开(公告)日：1997-08-19
申请号：US391744
申请日：1995-02-21
申请人： Robert W. Pennisi , Glenn F. Urbish
发明人： Robert W. Pennisi , Glenn F. Urbish
IPC分类号： G05B19/4099 , G06F19/00 , G06G7/64 , G06G7/66
CPC分类号： G05B19/4099 , G05B2219/35019 , G05B2219/35028 , G05B2219/49008 , Y02P90/265
摘要： A process for designing and optimally fabricating a plastic object begins by creating a surface model (215) of the object on a digital computer. The surface model contains information about the exterior of the product. A set of constraints (222) that are based on physical attributes of the product and resources available to make the product is defined, and is used to determine an optimum path (223) through a set of manufacturing processes (230) by selecting certain of those processes. A precedence relationship between the selected processes creates a set of interconnected activities. The surface model is processed (224) to convert the databank supporting the model to information that is usable by the selected processes, and this information is sent to the selected processes. Each process performs an activity in accordance with the defined precedence relationship, so that an output of the last one of the selected processes is the plastic object (235). Techniques such as surface modeling, solids modeling, stereolithography, CNC machining, and RIM molding are linked together and a common database is used to create a process of rapidly realizing a product.
摘要翻译： 用于设计和最佳地制造塑料物体的过程开始于在数字计算机上创建物体的表面模型（215）。 表面模型包含有关产品外观的信息。 基于产品的物理属性和可用于制造产品的资源的一组约束（222）被定义，并且用于通过一组制造过程（230）来确定最佳路径（223），通过选择某些 这些过程。 所选进程之间的优先关系创建一组相互关联的活动。 处理表面模型（224）以将支持模型的数据库转换为所选进程可用的信息，并将该信息发送到所选择的进程。 每个过程根据定义的优先关系执行活动，使得所选择的过程中的最后一个的输出是塑料对象（235）。 诸如表面建模，固体建模，立体光刻，数控加工和RIM成型等技术链接在一起，并且使用通用数据库来创建快速实现产品的过程。
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公开(公告)号：US5639416A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-17
申请号：US342450
申请日：1994-11-18
CPC分类号： B29C45/37 , B29C33/50 , B29C2791/006 , Y10S425/044
摘要： A process for molding dimensionally accurate plastic articles using a low pressure injection molding technique. The process utilizes a two-piece silicone rubber mold having a cavity representative of the shape of the article to be molded. The mold is substantially encased on all sides in a rigid mold box to prevent deformation of the cavity during the molding process (10). The mold box and the encased mold are placed in a vacuum chamber, and a vacuum is drawn on the chamber to evacuate the cavity (20). A predetermined amount of a reactive mixture is simultaneously mixed and injected under pressure into the mold to form the plastic article (30). The amount of material injected is sufficient to fill the cavity but not sufficient to distort the cavity. The chamber is vented (40) and the mold is removed from the mold box (50). The mold is flexed in order to remove the plastic article from the mold (60).
摘要翻译： 使用低压注塑技术成型尺寸精确的塑料制品的方法。 该方法使用具有代表待模制品的形状的空腔的两件式硅橡胶模具。 模具基本上封装在刚性模具箱的所有侧面上，以防止在模制过程（10）期间空腔的变形。 将模具盒和封装的模具放置在真空室中，并且在室上抽真空以抽空空腔（20）。 将预定量的反应混合物同时混合并在压力下注入模具以形成塑料制品（30）。 注入的材料的量足以填充空腔，但不足以使空腔变形。 将室排出（40），并将模具从模具箱（50）中取出。 模具弯曲以从模具（60）移除塑料制品。
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公开(公告)号：US5122200A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-16
申请号：US583630
申请日：1990-09-17
CPC分类号： B23K35/36 , B23K35/3618 , C23G1/103 , H05K3/26 , H05K2203/0789 , H05K2203/122 , H05K3/3484
摘要： Solder pastes having vehicles including formic acid-soluble organic acids as fluxing agents are described. Fluxing agents may be compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where R is an electron withdrawing group. In one embodiment, R is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulfur, hydroxyl, nitrile, and benzyl. Other suitable formic-acid fluxing agents include, but are not limited to, adipic acid, acrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, methacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid. The compounds clean oxides from the printed circuit boards (PCBs) under assembly and then volatilize leaving a residue to be cleaned away. The cleaning step involves rinsing with formic acid. No undesired residue remains indicating that the organic acids of the invention are effective in cleaning boards. Such acid fluxing agents can be used mixed with typical solder components, such as lead/tin solder pastes, or applied topically to solders, such as solder balls; both techniques permit the assembly of PCBs more easily with high quality bonds, and with little or no residue. Malic acid is a preferred organic acid fluxing agent. The formic acid cleaning step may be followed by a water rinse.
摘要翻译： 描述了具有包含甲酸可溶性有机酸作为助熔剂的载体的焊膏。 助焊剂可以是下式的化合物：其中R是吸电子基团。 在一个实施方案中，R选自氟，氯，溴，碘，硫，羟基，腈和苄基。 其它合适的甲酸助熔剂包括但不限于己二酸，丙烯酸，聚丙烯酸，甲基丙烯酸和聚甲基丙烯酸。 这些化合物在组装时清除印刷电路板（PCB）的氧化物，然后挥发，留下残留物进行清除。 清洁步骤包括用甲酸冲洗。 没有不需要的残留物表明本发明的有机酸在清洁板中是有效的。 这种酸助熔剂可以与典型的焊料组分（例如铅/锡焊膏）混合使用，或局部施用于焊料如焊料球; 这两种技术允许更容易地组装PCBs，具有高质量的键，并且几乎没有或没有残留物。 苹果酸是优选的有机酸助熔剂。 甲酸清洗步骤之后可以进行水冲洗。
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公开(公告)号：US5092943A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-03
申请号：US583629
申请日：1990-09-17
CPC分类号： H05K3/3489 , B23K35/36 , B23K35/3618
摘要： Solder pastes having vehicles including blends of low boiling point alcohols and relatively high boiling point alcohols are described which leave residues which may be cleaned using only water are described. The low boiling point alcohols have a boiling point range of between about 65.degree. and about 150.degree. C. whereas the high boiling point alcohols have a boiling point in rhe range of about 150.degree. to about 270.degree. C. The solder pastes also use water-soluble organic acids as fluxing agents such as compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where R is an electron withdrawing group such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulfur, hydroxyl, nitrile, and benzyl. Other suitable formic-acid fluxing agents include, but are not limited to, adipic acid, polyacrylic acid, methacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid. The compounds clean oxides from the printed circuit boards (PCBs) under assembly and then volatilze leaving a residue to be cleaned away. The cleaning step involves rinsing with water. No undesired residue remains indicating that the organic acids of the invention are effective in cleaning boards. Malic acid is a preferred organic acid fluxing agent.
摘要翻译： 描述了具有包含低沸点醇和相对高沸点醇的共混物的载体的焊膏，其留下可以仅使用水清洁的残余物。 低沸点醇的沸点范围为约65℃至约150℃，而高沸点醇的沸点在约150℃至约270℃的流变范围内。焊膏还使用水 - 可溶性有机酸作为助熔剂，例如下式的化合物：其中R是吸电子基团如氟，氯，溴，碘，硫，羟基，腈和苄基。 其它合适的甲酸助熔剂包括但不限于己二酸，聚丙烯酸，甲基丙烯酸和聚甲基丙烯酸。 这些化合物在组装时清除印刷电路板（PCB）的氧化物，然后挥发，留下残留物进行清理。 清洁步骤包括用水冲洗。 没有不需要的残留物表明本发明的有机酸在清洁板中是有效的。 苹果酸是优选的有机酸助熔剂。
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公开(公告)号：US06888607B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-03
申请号：US10232787
申请日：2002-08-29
申请人： Bobby Dean Landreth , Steven D. Pratt , Robert W. Pennisi , Ronald J. Kelley , Sivakumar Muthuswamy , David S. Fredley
发明人： Bobby Dean Landreth , Steven D. Pratt , Robert W. Pennisi , Ronald J. Kelley , Sivakumar Muthuswamy , David S. Fredley
IPC分类号： G02F1/13 , G02F1/133 , G02F1/1347 , G02F1/137 , G09G3/36 , G02F1/1345
CPC分类号： G02F1/13476 , G02F1/13306 , G02F1/13452 , G02F1/13718 , G02F2201/08 , G02F2203/34 , G09G3/3629
摘要： Rewritable signs (100, 1300) that include bistable cholesteric liquid crystal layers (102, 1402, 1404, 1406) are provided. According to one embodiment a rewritable sign (100) is devoid of circuitry for establishing electric fields in localize regions for writing information to the rewritable sign (100), and is consequently inexpensive. In the latter embodiment, a separate information writer (400) that includes an array of pixel electrodes (404) that is driven by an active matrix (602) is used to write information on the rewritable sign. According to another embodiment a rewritable sign (1300) includes three cholesteric liquid layers (1402, 1404, 1406) each of which reflects a different primary color. The three cholesteric liquid crystal layers (1402, 1404, 1406) are interleaved with sets of conductive lines (1316, 1320, 1322, 1324) that are used to apply signals to the cholesteric liquid crystal layers (1402, 1404, 1406) for the purpose of writing information.
摘要翻译： 提供了包括双稳态胆甾型液晶层（102,1402,1404,1406）的可重写符号（100,1300）。 根据一个实施例，可重写符号（100）没有用于在用于将信息写入可重写符号（100）的本地化区域中建立电场的电路，因此便宜。 在后一实施例中，包括由有源矩阵（602）驱动的像素电极阵列（404）的单独信息写入器（400）用于写入关于可重写符号的信息。 根据另一个实施例，可重写标志（1300）包括三个胆固醇液体层（1402,1404,1406），每个胆固醇液体层反映不同的原色。 三个胆甾型液晶层（1402,1404,1406）与用于将信号施加到胆甾醇型液晶层（1402,1404,1406）的导线组（1316,1320,1322,1324）交错，用于 写信息的目的。
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36.发明授权Integral sensors for monitoring a fuel cell membrane and methods of monitoring 有权用于监测燃料电池膜的积分传感器和监测方法公开(公告)号：US06214487B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-10
申请号：US09241190
申请日：1999-02-01
申请人： Ronald J. Kelley , Robert J. Mulligan , Steven D. Pratt , Sivakumar Muthuswamy , Bobby Dean Landreth , Robert W. Pennisi
发明人： Ronald J. Kelley , Robert J. Mulligan , Steven D. Pratt , Sivakumar Muthuswamy , Bobby Dean Landreth , Robert W. Pennisi
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M10/4257 , H01M6/181 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/1018 , H01M8/1065 , H01M10/4264 , H01M10/48 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A membrane electrode assembly consists of a polymer electrolyte membrane (100) with an electrode on each side. The polymer electrolyte membrane has an integral sensor (115) disposed on the surface. The sensor monitors the physical, thermal, chemical or electrical state of the membrane electrode assembly. Information obtained from the sensor is used to identify a defective membrane electrode assembly, and the operation of the fuel cell is altered based on the identified defective membrane electrode assembly.
摘要翻译： 膜电极组件由每侧具有电极的聚合物电解质膜（100）组成。 聚合物电解质膜具有设置在表面上的整体传感器（115）。 传感器监测膜电极组件的物理，热，化学或电气状态。 使用从传感器获得的信息来识别有缺陷的膜电极组件，并且基于所识别的有缺陷的膜电极组件改变燃料电池的操作。
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公开(公告)号：US6025804A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-15
申请号：US578404
申请日：1995-12-26
CPC分类号： H01Q1/245 , H01Q17/001
摘要： An antenna (100) includes a radiating element (202) covered with a protective jacket having at least one pocket selectively located therein. The at least one pocket (102) is filled with a material (105) having an absorptive index substantially higher than the index of the protective jacket (102). This material imposes substantial restriction to the free radiation of radio frequency energy. Conversely, the remainder of the jacket (102) with no pockets provides for the unrestricted radiation of the radio frequency energy therethrough. As a result the antenna (100) directionally radiates energy without the use of reflectors or additional radiating elements.
摘要翻译： 天线（100）包括用保护套覆盖的辐射元件（202），其具有选择性地位于其中的至少一个口袋。 所述至少一个口袋（102）填充有具有大大高于保护套（102）的指数的吸收指数的材料（105）。 这种材料对射频能量的自由辐射施加了实质性的限制。 相反，没有袋的护套（102）的其余部分提供了通过其中的射频能量的不受限制的辐射。 结果，天线（100）在不使用反射器或附加辐射元件的情况下定向地辐射能量。
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38.发明授权Low driving voltage polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device with conductive nanoparticles 失效低驱动电压聚合物分散液晶显示装置与导电纳米粒子
公开(公告)号：US5847787A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-08
申请号：US693928
申请日：1996-08-05
IPC分类号： G02F1/1334 , G02F1/1333
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , G02F1/1334 , G02F2202/36
摘要： A reduced driving voltage polymer dispersed liquid crystal display (10) has a transparent polymer matrix (20) disposed between two substrates (12, 14). Droplets of a nematic liquid crystal fluid (22) are uniformly dispersed throughout the polymer matrix. Particles of an optically transparent material (24) that is a weak conductor are uniformly dispersed throughout the polymer matrix to reduce the electrical potential across the polymer. The enhanced conductivity of the polymer matrix allows the display to be operated at a reduced voltage.
摘要翻译： 降低的驱动电压聚合物分散液晶显示器（10）具有设置在两个基板（12,14）之间的透明聚合物基体（20）。 向列型液晶（22）的液滴均匀分散在整个聚合物基质中。 作为弱导体的光学透明材料（24）的颗粒均匀地分散在整个聚合物基质中以降低整个聚合物的电势。 聚合物基质的增强的导电性允许显示器以降低的电压工作。
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公开(公告)号：US5694296A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-02
申请号：US575945
申请日：1995-12-20
申请人： Glenn F. Urbish , Robert W. Pennisi , William Boone Mullen, III , Robert W. Shisler , Richard A. Ceraldi
发明人： Glenn F. Urbish , Robert W. Pennisi , William Boone Mullen, III , Robert W. Shisler , Richard A. Ceraldi
CPC分类号： H01R13/2442 , H01R12/65
摘要： A multipoint electrical interconnection (10) provides a plurality of electrical pathways between electrically conductive hooks (15) on a substrate (12) and an electrical component (50). A plurality of electrically conductive hooks generally formed in the shape of a `J` have a head portion (20) affixed to the substrate such that a hook portion (17) protrudes above the substrate. An electrically conductive portion of a component is disposed against the substrate such that it contacts at least three of the electrically conductive hooks and deforms the hooks. The deformed hooks provide a spring force to effect a multipoint electrical connection.
摘要翻译： 多点电互连（10）在衬底（12）上的导电钩（15）和电组件（50）之间提供多个电通路。 通常形成为“J”形状的多个导电钩具有固定到基板的头部（20），使得钩部（17）在基板上方突出。 部件的导电部分设置在基板上，使得其接触至少三个导电钩并使钩变形。 变形的钩子提供弹簧力以实现多点电连接。
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公开(公告)号：US5662946A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-02
申请号：US318311
申请日：1994-10-05
CPC分类号： B29C45/2675 , B29C45/2673 , B29C2033/0005
摘要： An adaptable mold assembly (10) consists of two mold bases (100, 102). One or both of the mold bases has at least one interchangeable portion (104, 105) removably mounted on the mold base, whose function is to actuate in a direction different from the draw direction. The interchangeable portion is typically used to facilitate the removal of the molded part from the mold, and often functions as a mold slide or pull. The ability to interchange and reconfigure the mold base reduces tooling costs and adds design flexibility to the tool. In another embodiment of the invention, the function of the interchangeable portion (106) is to provide process monitoring, process control or process optimization.
摘要翻译： 适应性模具组件（10）由两个模具基座（100,102）组成。 一个或两个模具基座具有至少一个可移除地安装在模具基座上的可互换部分（104,105），其功能是沿与拉伸方向不同的方向致动。 可互换部分通常用于促进模制部件从模具中的移除，并且通常用作模具滑动件或拉模。 交换和重新配置模具底座的能力降低了工具成本，并为工具增加了设计灵活性。 在本发明的另一个实施例中，可互换部分（106）的功能是提供过程监控，过程控制或过程优化。
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