摘要:
Provided is a method of manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly including catalyst layers in both sides of a polymer electrolyte membrane, substance diffusion of the catalyst layer being improved, in which forming at least one of the catalyst layers includes at least: forming a first layer including one of a catalyst and a catalyst precursor on a surface of a sheet by vapor-phase deposition; forming a through hole in the first layer; forming a second layer including one of a catalyst and a catalyst precursor on a surface of the first layer having the through hole by vapor-phase deposition; joining a polymer electrolyte membrane to a surface of the second layer; and peeling off the sheet from the first layer.
摘要:
A time certification server includes a receiving section that receives an issue request for a time certification code and terminal information; a temporal change information input section that inputs temporal change information; a first code generating section that generates a first code based on the temporal change information and outputs the first code; a second code generating section that generates a second code based on the terminal information and the first code and outputs the second code; a transmitting section that transmits the second code to the terminal apparatus as a time certification code; a time certification code memory section that stores the time certification code in correlation with time; and a certification processing section that searches the time certification code memory section by using the time certification code received, thereby obtaining time, and outputs certification information based on the time obtained to the terminal apparatus.
摘要:
An electron emission apparatus can effectively suppress the adverse effect of electric discharges that can take place between the oppositely disposed electrodes of the apparatus to which a high voltage is applied by dividing the electrode adapted to have a higher electric potential into segments in order to reduce the electrostatic capacitance between the electrodes. In the case of an electron emission apparatus comprising electron-emitting devices, said plurality of electron-emitting devices are disposed such that the direction along which those that can be driven simultaneously are arranged is not parallel with the direction along which the electrode is divided into the electrode segments in order to reduce the variable range of the electric current that can flow in the segments.
摘要:
A time certification server includes a receiving section that receives an issue request for a time certification code and terminal information; a temporal change information input section that inputs temporal change information; a first code generating section that generates a first code based on the temporal change information and outputs the first code; a second code generating section that generates a second code based on the terminal information and the first code and outputs the second code; a transmitting section that transmits the second code to the terminal apparatus as a time certification code; a time certification code memory section that stores the time certification code in correlation with time; and a certification processing section that searches the time certification code memory section by using the time certification code received, thereby obtaining time, and outputs certification information based on the time obtained to the terminal apparatus.
摘要:
An electron-emitting device comprises a pair of electrodes and an electroconductive film arranged between the electrodes and including an electron-emitting region carrying a graphite film. The graphite film shows, in a Raman spectroscopic analysis using a laser light source with a wavelength of 514.5 nm and a spot diameter of 1 μm, peaks of scattered light, of which 1) a peak (P2) located in the vicinity of 1,580 cm−1 is greater than a peak (P1) located in the vicinity of 1,335 cm−1 or 2) the half-width of a peak (P1) located in the vicinity of 1,335 cm−1 is not greater than 150 cm−1.
摘要:
An electron emission apparatus can effectively suppress the adverse effect of electric discharges that can take place between the oppositely disposed electrodes of the apparatus to which a high voltage is applied by dividing the electrode adapted to have a higher electric potential into segments in order to reduce the electrostatic capacitance between the electrodes. In the case of an electron emission apparatus comprising electron-emitting devices, said plurality of electron-emitting devices are disposed such that the direction along which those that can be driven simultaneously are arranged is not parallel with the direction along which the electrode is divided into the electrode segments in order to reduce the variable range of the electric current that can flow in the segments.
摘要:
An electron emission apparatus effectively suppresses the adverse effect of electric discharges that can take place between the oppositely disposed electrodes of the apparatus to which a high voltage is applied by dividing the electrode adapted to have a higher electric potential into segments in order to reduce the electrostatic capacitance between the electrodes. In the case of an electron emission apparatus comprising electron-emitting devices, a plurality of electron-emitting devices are disposed such that the direction along which those that can be driven simultaneously are arranged is not parallel with the direction along which the electrode is divided into the electrode segments in order to reduce the variable range of the electric current that can flow in the segments.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus has an envelope including as constituent elements first and second substrates spaced by some distance an electron source and an image forming member for forming an image upon irradiation of electrons from the electron source, the electron source and the image forming member being disposed in the envelope and a spacer for maintaining the distance between the first and second substrates, wherein the spacer is conductive and has a heat resistant organic polymer film formed on the surface of the spacer or the spacer is constituted of an insulating base member, a conductive film formed on the insulating base member, and a heat resistant organic polymer film formed on the conductive film.
摘要:
A sodium-containing glass substrate has a modified surface on which an electroconductive film is to be formed. The modified surface is constituted of a layer of which sodium concentration is lower than the bulk body of the glass substrate, preferably with a sodium content ratio to all the metal elements of not greater than 2 atomic percent. The modified surface may contain a reduced amount of sulfur as compared to the bulk body of the glass substrate.
摘要:
Disclosed is a fiber of an organic, inorganic or metallic material or a simple substance wherein ultrafines of an inorganic or metallic material or a simple substance having an average particle diameter of 0.005-1 .mu.m are uniformly dispersed and deposited on 8-90% of the surface in a single layer. The fiber is produced by exposing a fiber of an organic, inorganic or metallic material or a simple substance to a gaseous stream forming ultrafines of an inorganic or metallic material or a simple substance by a vapor phase process, thereby contacting said ultrafines in the gaseous stream with said fiber in a state wherein the ultrafines are still active. The treated fiber is useful as a reinforcing material for a fiber reinforced composite.