摘要:
A polyimide resin layer is formed on an inner surface of a metal pipe or a non-metallic pipe having a metal thin film on an inner surface to provide an optical hollow waveguide. The polyimide resin layer is transparent relative to a wavelength band of a laser light transmitted through the optical hollow waveguide. The optical hollow waveguide is fabricated by supplying solution of polyimide precursor to a hollow internal of the metal pipe or the non-metallic pipe, and heating and drying the solution to provide a polyimide resin layer. The solution-supplying step and the solution-heating and drying step are repeated to increase a thickness of the polyimide resin layer up to a predetermined value.
摘要:
A system and method for controlling a vehicle speed so as to prevent gear shift shock in a power train associated with a vehicular engine and automatic transmission are disclosed in which an air charging efficiency for engine cylinders is reduced during the gear shifting transient period, e.g., when shifting from first gear range to a higher second gear range. Therefore, when engine output is reduced by means of retardation of ignition timing at the time of gear shifting, no misfire occurs due to prevention of internal pressure increase in any engine cylinder. Thus, shift shock can be prevented with the smooth reduction of engine output and air charging efficiency is smoothly recovered after completion of the gear shift transient period.
摘要:
A transportation container comprises a container main body for loading two lower stage cars on a floor surface, a front deck supported on both side walls of the container main body for loading and holding one upper stage car while displacing it in the longitudinal direction relative to both of the two lower stage cars, at least a portion of the loading face for the one upper stage car being situated below the top end of the lower stage cars, a front deck guide mechanism for loading the one upper stage car by self-running on the front deck, a rear deck supported at least at the front side end thereof to both of the side walls of the container main body for loading and holding another upper stage car while displacing it in the longitudinal direction relative to both of the lower stage cars, at least a portion of the loading face for another upper stage car being situated below the top end of the lower stage cars, a rear deck guide mechanism for loading another upper stage car by self-running to the rear deck, and elevation mechanisms for elevating the decks and tucking them just below the ceiling wall of the container main body. In the container, it is possible to reduce the height, improve the working efficiency, simplify the structure and minimize the reduction of loading capacity when the container is used for loading general cargo.
摘要:
The frequency discrimination circuit includes a monostable circuit into which an input signal is fed and a D-type flip-flop connected to the output side of the monostable circuit for generating a frequency discriminated signal. The circuit further includes a time constant modifying circuit for modifying a time constant of the monostable circuit according to the frequency discriminated signal from the D-type flip-flop.
摘要:
A transfer device includes an image carrier, a transfer roller, and a moving unit. The moving unit moves the transfer roller between a nip formation state in which the transfer roller forms a transfer nipping portion in contact with the image carrier and a separated state in which the transfer roller is separated from the image carrier. In a contact operation of bringing the transfer roller into contact with the image carrier via the recording medium, the moving unit moves the transfer roller toward the image carrier at a moving velocity slower than that in a pressing operation of generating a predetermined nipping pressure by further moving the transfer roller toward the image carrier after the contact operation. The moving unit causes the recording medium to enter the transfer nipping portion in the contact operation.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, a transfer member, a power supply, and a control device that controls the power supply to output a DC-AC superimposed bias or a DC bias to transfer a toner image on the image carrier onto a recording medium. The control device controls the power supply to alternately output a first bias being a DC component the same in polarity as the DC bias and a second bias being a DC component opposite in polarity to the DC bias to clean the transfer member when image formation is not taking place. The first bias is output with two target output values including a first value and a second value lower than the first value. The second bias is output with one target output value. An output time of the second bias is longer than an output time of the first bias.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus including an image carrier; an intermediate transfer member having a first portion and a second portion that has a higher glossiness than that of the first portion; a primary transfer member; a light source to emit light to the intermediate transfer member side; a detector to detect intensity of reflected light emitted from the light source and then reflected from the intermediate transfer member and a density adjustment pattern formed on the intermediate transfer member; a processor including a light-emission intensity adjuster to adjust light-emission intensity from the light source based on detected intensity of light reflected from the second portion of the intermediate transfer member; and an image forming condition controller to control image forming conditions for forming a toner image based on the detected intensity of the light reflected from the density adjustment pattern formed on the intermediate transfer member.