摘要:
A high-strength steel sheet has a chemical composition including 0.05% to 0.3% of C, 1% to 3% of Si, 0.5% to 3% of Mn, 0% to 0.1% of P, 0% to 0.01% of S, 0.001% to 0.1% of Al, and 0.002% to 0.03% of N in mass percent; further includes iron and impurities; and has a structure including 50% to 90% of bainitic ferrite, 3% or more of retained austenite (γR), a total of 10% to 50% of martensite and the retained austenite, and 0% to 40% of polygonal ferrite in area percent based on the entire structure. The retained austenite has a carbon content (CγR) of 0.5% to 1.2% by mass. The steel sheet includes 0.3% or more of the retained austenite that is surrounded by martensite. The high-strength steel sheet has a strength of 980 MPa or more and exhibits better ductility.
摘要:
A cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention which has a composition containing, in terms of % by mass, C: 0.05-0.30%, Si: 3.0% or less (including 0%), Mn: 0.1-5.0%, P: 0.1% or less (including 0%), S: 0.010% or less (including 0%), and Al: 0.001-0.10%, and remainder being mainly iron, and which has a structure comprising, in terms of area ratio, 10-80% ferrite, less than 5% (including 0%) of the sum of retained austenite and martensite, and a hard phase as the remainder. The steel sheet gives a KAM value frequency distribution curve in which the relationship between the proportion of frequency having a KAM value ≦0.4, XKAM≦0.4°, and the area ratio of ferrite, Vα satisfies XKAM≦0.4°/Vα≧0.8 and the proportion of frequency having a KAM value in the range of 0.6-0.8, XKAM=0.6-0.8° is 10-20%. In the hard phase adjoining the ferrite, cementite, grains having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 μm or larger exist so that three or less such cementite grains are dispersed per μm2 of the hard phase. The steel sheet has improved balance between elongation and stretch flangeability and has better formability.
摘要:
A heat pump system (10) includes a compressor (20), a reversing valve (30), an outdoor heat exchanger (40) and an indoor heat exchanger (50) coupled via refrigerant lines (35, 45, 55) in a conventional refrigeration circuit, and a refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger (60). In the air cooling with water heating mode, the air heating with water heating mode and the water heating only mode, water from a water reservoir (64), such as a storage tank or swimming pool, is passed through heat exchanger (60) in heat exchange relationship with refrigerant passing through line (35). A refrigerant reservoir (70) may be provided for use in refrigerant charge control. A refrigerant line (71) couples reservoir (70) to the refrigerant circuit intermediate the outdoor and indoor heat exchangers for directing liquid refrigerant into the reservoir (70) and a refrigerant line (73) couples the refrigerant circuit upstream of the suction inlet to the compressor (20) for returning refrigerant to the refrigerant circuit. A controller (100) controls flow into and from the refrigerant reservoir (70) through selective opening and closing of control valve (72) in line (71) and control valve (74) in line (73).
摘要:
Quickly disintegratable compression-molded materials containing (a) fillers and (b) erythritol. These materials are highly disintegratable and soluble in the oral cavity or water and, therefore, can be easily taken. Also, they are highly hard and thus excellent in storage stability in the production and distribution stages. Owing to these characteristics, they can be appropriately blended with efficacious ingredients and used in the treatment or prevention of diseases in patients, in particular, the aged, infants or those having difficulty in swallowing.
摘要:
A signal processing circuit for a color video camera using a single image pickup tube with less color phase and color noise at a low luminance portion, comprises in a clamping circuit for clamping a black level of a video signal produced from the image pickup element, a circuit for superimposing a shading correction signal onto a clamp reference signal. To further reduce the color phase and noise, there is provided a circuit for separating a luminance signal and a plurality of chrominance signals from a video signal produced from the image pickup tube, a circuit for demodulating the separated chrominance signals to obtain color difference signals with the luminance signal, a circuit for modulating a carrier with the color difference signals to obtain carrier color difference signals, a variable gain amplifier circuit provided in a transmitting path of the carrier color difference signals, and a circuit for detecting a luminance component of a level lower than a predetermined level from a luminance signal of a video signal produced from the image pickup tube, whereby the variable gain amplifier circuit operates such that when the level of the luminance signal is lower than a predetermined level, the amplitude of the carrier chrominance signal is made smaller as the luminance becomes lower.
摘要:
A lift apparatus for lifting cigarette filter plugs which receives cigarette filter plugs fresh from a plug making machine and delivered by a lower horizontal conveyer and upwardly conveys the plugs while piled in multiple layers to an upper horizontal conveyer. The lift apparatus has a pair of vertical conveyers formed of flat belts and diverging as they extend upwardly. A pressurizing conveyer is provided outwardly of a bend in the conveying passage extending from the lower horizontal conveyer to the vertical conveyers. This pressurizing conveyer is rotatable at a greater speed than the vertical conveyers.
摘要:
This high-strength steel plate has a component composition including, by mass %, C: 0.02-0.3%, Si: 1-3%, Mn: 1.8-3%, P: 0.1% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.001-0.1%, N: 0.002-0.03%, the rest consisting of iron and impurities. Said steel plate has a microstructure including, in terms of area ratio relative to the entire microstructure, each of the following phases: bainitic ferrite: 50-85%; retained γ: 3% or greater; martensite+the aforementioned retained γ: 10-45%; and ferrite: 5-40%. The C concentration (CγR) in the aforementioned retained austenite is 0.3-1.2 mass %, part or all of the N in the aforementioned component composition is solid solution N, and the amount of said solid solution N is 30-100 ppm.
摘要:
There is provided a hot press-formed product, including a thin steel sheet formed by a hot press-forming method, and having a metallic structure that contains retained austenite at 3% to 20% by volume, whereby balance between strength and elongation can be controlled in a proper range and high ductility can be achieved.
摘要:
There is provided a hot press-formed product, including a thin steel sheet formed by a hot press-forming method, and having a metallic structure that contains bainitic ferrite at 70% to 97% by area, martensite at 27% by area or lower, and retained austenite at 3% to 20% by area, the remainder structure of which is at 5% by area or lower, whereby balance between strength and elongation can be controlled in a proper range and high ductility can be achieved.
摘要:
This high-strength steel sheet has a component composition containing, in mass %, 0.02 to 0.3% C, 1 to 3% Si, 1.8 to 3% Mn, 0.1% or less P, 0.01% or less S, 0.001 to 0.1% Al, and 0.002 to 0.03% N, the remainder being iron and impurities. The high-strength steel sheet has a structure containing, in terms of area ratio relative to the entire structure, each of the following phases: 50 to 85% bainitic ferrite; 3% or more retained austenite (γ); 10 to 45% martensite and the aforementioned retained austenite (γ); and 5 to 40% ferrite. The ratio between the Mn concentration (MnγR) in the retained austenite (γ) and the average Mn concentration (Mnav) in the entire structure is 1.2 or more (MnγR/ Mnav) based on the Mn concentration distribution obtained by means of EPMA line analysis. As a consequence, the high-strength steel sheet exhibits strength of 980 MPa or more and exerts excellent deep drawability.