公开(公告)号：US3661749A

公开(公告)日：1972-05-09

申请号：US3661749D

申请日：1969-01-27

申请人： METALLURGIE HOBOKEN ,  RST INT METALS LTD ,  RICHARDSON FREDERICK DENYS

发明人： RICHARDSON FREDERICK DENYS

IPC分类号： G01N33/20 ,  C21B20060101 ,  C21C20060101 ,  C21D20060101 ,  C22B20060101 ,  C22C20060101 ,  E04B20060101 ,  E04D20060101 ,  G01N27/30 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/411

CPC分类号： G01N27/4118

摘要： Apparatus for the continuous measurement of oxygen contained in a molten metal which comprises A. A SOLID OXYGEN ELECTROLYTE TUBE; B. A REFERENCE ELECTRODE HAVING KNOWN OXYGEN POTENTIAL IN CONTACT WITH THE INNER SURFACE OF THE TUBE; C. MEANS FOR MEASURING THE ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL PRESENT BETWEEN THE INNER AND OUTER SURFACES OF THE TUBE; AND D. INSULATING MEANS TO PROTECT THE SOLID OXYGEN ELECTROLYTE TUBE AGAINST CHEMICAL ATTACKS, THERMAL SHOCKS AND MECHANICAL STRESS DUE TO THE CONTACT WITH THE LIQUID MOLTEN METAL. The insulating means is a tube made of a metal containing substance having a high resistance to mechanical stress, to thermal shocks, to chemical attack, to splashing of the metal which is to be tested and to the slag of the metal which is to be tested. In addition the insulating means closely surrounds the solid oxygen electrolyte tube and is open at the bottom so that the outer surface of the tube can be directly contacted with the molten metal which is to be tested.

摘要翻译： 用于连续测量包含在熔融金属中的氧的装置，其包括A.固体氧化物电解质管; B.具有与管内表面接触的已知氧气潜在的参考电极; C.测量管内外表面电化学势的手段; 和D.用于保护固体氧化物电解质的化学手段，以防止化学侵蚀，热冲击和与液体金属接触的机械应力。

公开(公告)号：US20180209364A1

公开(公告)日：2018-07-26

申请号：US15868578

申请日：2018-01-11

申请人： Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha

发明人： Yasushi Ono ,  Keiichiro Aoki ,  Koji Ide ,  Go Hayashita

IPC分类号： F02D41/06 ,  F02D35/00 ,  G01N27/411 ,  F02D41/14

CPC分类号： F02D41/064 ,  B60K6/445 ,  B60W10/08 ,  B60W20/16 ,  B60W2510/068 ,  F02D35/0015 ,  F02D41/1494 ,  F02D2250/24 ,  G01N27/4118

摘要： The control system of an internal combustion engine controls an internal combustion engine comprising an exhaust sensor. The control system comprises a motoring device driving rotation of a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, a motoring control part configured to control the motoring device, a heater control part configured to control supply of electric power to the heater, and a temperature estimating part configured to estimate a temperature of the sensor element. The motoring control part is configured to drive the motoring device for a predetermined time when the temperature of the sensor element estimated by the temperature estimating part is outside a predetermined cracked element temperature region while the heater control part is supplying electric power to the heater, and stop driving the motoring device when the temperature of the sensor element is within the cracked element temperature region.

公开(公告)号：US09234870B2

公开(公告)日：2016-01-12

申请号：US14355457

申请日：2012-11-20

申请人： NGK SPARK PLUG CO. LTD.

发明人： Shigehiro Otsuka ,  Masaki Onkawa ,  Toru Iwano ,  Satoshi Teramoto ,  Kuniharu Tanaka ,  Takeshi Mitsuoka

IPC分类号： G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/411

CPC分类号： G01N27/4077 ,  G01N27/4118

摘要： A gas sensor element (100) including a detection portion (150) including a solid electrolyte body (105) and a pair of electrodes (104) and (106) disposed on the solid electrolyte body; and a porous protection layer (20) covering the detection portion. The porous protection layer includes an inner porous layer (21) and an outer porous layer (23); the inner porous layer is higher in porosity than the outer porous layer; the inner porous layer contains, as main components, ceramic particles (21a), and ceramic fiber filaments (21b) which are mainly formed of a ceramic material and which have a mean fiber length of 70 to 200 μm; and the amount of the ceramic fiber filaments is 25 to 75 vol % on the basis of the total amount of the ceramic particles and the ceramic fiber filaments, the total amount being taken as 100 vol %.

摘要翻译： 一种气体传感器元件（100），包括：检测部（150），其包括固体电解质体（105）和设置在所述固体电解质体上的一对电极（104）和（106） 以及覆盖所述检测部的多孔保护层（20）。 多孔保护层包括内部多孔层（21）和外部多孔层（23）; 内多孔层的孔隙率高于外多孔层; 内部多孔层含有主要由陶瓷材料形成且平均纤维长度为70〜200μm的陶瓷粒子（21a）和陶瓷纤维丝（21b）， 以陶瓷粒子和陶瓷纤维丝的总量计，陶瓷纤维长丝的量为25〜75体积％，总量为100体积％。

公开(公告)号：US20130264222A1

公开(公告)日：2013-10-10

申请号：US13797401

申请日：2013-03-12

申请人： Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute ,  Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.

发明人： Sang Eun BAE ,  Kyuseok SONG ,  Dae Hyeon KIM ,  Yong Joon PARK ,  Jong Yun KIM ,  Jei Won YEON

IPC分类号： G01N27/416

CPC分类号： G01N27/4166 ,  G01N27/4118 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/48

摘要： A monitoring method of metal ions or oxygen ions applicable to a high concentration non-aqueous electrolyte includes: applying a potential in a non-aqueous electrolyte to obtain current information with respect to the potential; varying the potential applied in the non-aqueous electrolyte containing metal ion concentration or oxygen ion concentration such that the metal ion concentration or the oxygen ion concentration is maintained in spite of the potential being applied; detecting a linear relationship among the concentration, the current, and passed charges in the non-aqueous electrolyte by repeatedly performing the obtaining step and the varying step, while changing the concentration; and calculating metal ion concentration or oxygen ion concentration of the non-aqueous electrolyte in pyroprocessing of the non-aqueous electrolyte by using the linear relationship. Concentration and components of a solute existing in a non-aqueous electrolyte can be measured while an electrowinning process and pyroprocessing is being conducted.

摘要翻译： 适用于高浓度非水电解质的金属离子或氧离子的监测方法包括：在非水电解质中施加电位以获得关于电位的电流信息; 改变在含有金属离子浓度或氧离子浓度的非水电解质中施加的电位，使得即使施加电位也保持金属离子浓度或氧离子浓度; 通过在改变浓度的同时反复进行获得步骤和变化步骤，检测非水电解质中的浓度，电流和通过的电荷之间的线性关系; 并且通过使用线性关系计算非水电解质的热处理中的非水电解质的金属离子浓度或氧离子浓度。 可以在进行电解提取处理和热处理的同时测量存在于非水电解质中的溶质的浓度和组分。

公开(公告)号：US08201993B2

公开(公告)日：2012-06-19

申请号：US12293238

申请日：2007-02-12

申请人： Eric Tabery ,  Raphaelle Laure Satet ,  Ulrich Eisele ,  Lothar Diehl ,  Sascha Klett

发明人： Eric Tabery ,  Raphaelle Laure Satet ,  Ulrich Eisele ,  Lothar Diehl ,  Sascha Klett

IPC分类号： G01N25/00

CPC分类号： G01N27/4118 ,  F02D41/1494

摘要： The invention relates to a method for operating a sensor, in particular a sensor made of ceramic material. Said sensor is heated to a shock-resistance temperature which is higher than a specific temperature.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于操作传感器的方法，特别是一种由陶瓷材料制成的传感器。 所述传感器被加热到​​高于特定温度的耐冲击温度。

公开(公告)号：US20090127133A1

公开(公告)日：2009-05-21

申请号：US11664404

申请日：2005-10-03

申请人： Matthew Paul Hills ,  Mark Anthony Steele Henson

发明人： Matthew Paul Hills ,  Mark Anthony Steele Henson

IPC分类号： G01N27/411 ,  B23P11/00

CPC分类号： G01N27/4114 ,  G01N27/4117 ,  G01N27/4118 ,  G01N33/005 ,  Y10T29/49826

摘要： The present invention concerns a probe for measuring hydrogen concentration in molten metals comprising a probe body and a hydrogen sensor. The sensor structure is based on a sensor body having a wall within which a sealed cavity is defined. The cavity contains a solid reference material for generating a reference partial pressure of hydrogen within the cavity. At least a portion of the wall of the cavity is formed from a solid electrolyte material carrying a measurement electrode on a surface of the solid electrolyte outside the cavity and a reference electrode on a surface of the solid electrolyte within the cavity, exposed to the reference partial pressure of hydrogen. An electrical conductor extends from the reference electrode through the wall of the cavity to an external surface of the sensor body. The probe body comprises a chamber for receiving the sensor and a reference-signal connection for connecting to the electrical conductor when the sensor is received in the chamber.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于测量熔融金属中的氢浓度的探针，包括探针体和氢传感器。 传感器结构基于具有壁的传感器主体，在该壁中限定了密封空腔。 空腔包含用于在空腔内产生氢的参考分压的固体参考材料。 空腔的壁的至少一部分由固体电解质材料形成，固体电解质材料在空腔外部的固体电解质的表面上承载测量电极，并且在空腔内的固体电解质的表面上的参考电极暴露于参考 氢分压。 电导体从参考电极穿过腔的壁延伸到传感器体的外表面。 探头主体包括用于接收传感器的室和用于当传感器被接收在室中时连接到电导体的参考信号连接。

公开(公告)号：US20070039820A1

公开(公告)日：2007-02-22

申请号：US11206544

申请日：2005-08-18

申请人： Eric Clyde ,  Jo-Ann Novak ,  Mark Jones

发明人： Eric Clyde ,  Jo-Ann Novak ,  Mark Jones

IPC分类号： G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/4118

摘要： Disclosed herein is a sensing element with a sensing electrode, a reference electrode; and an electrolyte disposed between and in ionic communication with the sensing electrode and the reference electrode. A protective layer is disposed adjacent to the sensing electrode. A plurality of vias is disposed in the protective layer adjacent to the electrolyte and in fluid communication with the sensing electrode and a gas to be sensed. The vias have a diameter of about 50 micrometers to about 250 micrometers.

摘要翻译： 本文公开了一种具有感测电极，参考电极的感测元件; 以及设置在感测电极和参考电极之间并且与感测电极和参考电极离子连通的电解质。 保护层邻近检测电极设置。 多个通孔设置在与电解质相邻的保护层中，并且与检测电极和待感测的气体流体连通。 通孔具有约50微米至约250微米的直径。

公开(公告)号：US6156174A

公开(公告)日：2000-12-05

申请号：US439184

申请日：1999-11-12

申请人： Christiaan Baerts ,  Guido Neyens

发明人： Christiaan Baerts ,  Guido Neyens

IPC分类号： C21B7/24 ,  C21C5/46 ,  G01N27/411

CPC分类号： G01N27/4118 ,  C21B7/24 ,  C21C5/4673 ,  G01N27/411

摘要： A process as well as an immersion sensor for measuring an electrochemical activity of a layer lying on a melt is provided, using an electrochemical sensor, which has a measuring cell and a counter electrode. In order to make possible reliably reproducible and accurate measurements in the layer, the measuring cell and counter electrode are first immersed in the melt, wherein the measuring cell and counter electrode are protected from contact with the layer and wherein the measuring cell and counter electrode are brought into contact with the melt and are heated. After that, the measuring cell is pulled up to perform the measurement in the layer, wherein the counter electrode is located in the melt during the measurement. For this purpose, the measuring cell and the counter electrode have a protective cover, and the measuring cell is arranged, in the immersion position of the sensor, above the counter electrode.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法以及用于测量位于熔体上的层的电化学活性的浸没传感器，其使用具有测量单元和对电极的电化学传感器。 为了使层中的可靠的可再现性和精确度的测量，首先将测量单元和对电极浸入熔体中，其中保护测量单元和对电极不与层接触，并且其中测量单元和对电极是 与熔体接触并加热。 之后，将测量单元拉起以在层中进行测量，其中对电极在测量期间位于熔体中。 为此，测量单元和对置电极具有保护盖，并且测量单元布置在传感器的浸没位置上方的对置电极上。

公开(公告)号：US5439579A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-08

申请号：US981873

申请日：1992-11-25

申请人： Kunihiro Koide ,  Tamotsu Yajima

发明人： Kunihiro Koide ,  Tamotsu Yajima

IPC分类号： G01N27/30 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/411 ,  G01N27/406

CPC分类号： G01N27/4118 ,  G01N27/4114

摘要： On the inner surface of sensor element made of proton conductive solid electrolyte with perovskite structure and enclosed at its lower end, a reference electrode constituted of porous electrode is formed, and a measuring electrode constituted of porous electrode is formed on the outer surface thereof. And, the reference electrode and the measuring electrode are gas-tightly separated by sealing material. The sensor prove is inserted into ceramic sensor holding cup and both are fixed in such a way that a part of the measuring electrode extrude into said holding cup. Then, by dipping the holder into molten metal by facing its opening part downwards, a space contacting with molten metal is enclosed in the holding cup.Thereby, reduction of solid electrolyte constituting the sensor element can be prevented, and hydrogen concentration in molten metal can be accurately measured without direct dipping the sensor element into molten metal. Thereby, it is possible to provide a sensor probe and a method for measuring hydrogen concentration in which hydrogen concentration can be continuously measured for long period and an apparatus with smaller size can be made.

摘要翻译： 在由具有钙钛矿结构的质子传导性固体电解质制成的传感器元件的内表面上，在其下端封闭，形成由多孔电极构成的参考电极，并且在其外表面上形成由多孔电极构成的测量电极。 并且，参考电极和测量电极由密封材料气密分离。 将传感器证明插入到陶瓷传感器保持杯中，并且两者都固定成使得测量电极的一部分拉伸到所述保持杯中。 然后，通过将保持器朝向其开口部分向下浸入熔融金属中，与熔融金属接触的空间被封闭在保持杯中。 由此，可以防止构成传感器元件的固体电解质的降低，并且可以精确地测量熔融金属中的氢浓度，而无需将传感器元件直接浸入熔融金属中。 因此，可以提供一种传感器探头和用于测量长时间连续测量氢浓度的氢浓度的方法，并且可以制造具有较小尺寸的装置。

公开(公告)号：US4342633A

公开(公告)日：1982-08-03

申请号：US26142

申请日：1979-04-02

申请人： Omer Cure

发明人： Omer Cure

IPC分类号： G01N33/20 ,  C21C5/30 ,  G01N27/00 ,  G01N27/26 ,  G01N27/411 ,  G01N27/413 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/4118

摘要： The device for measuring active oxygen content in a bath of molten metal includes an electrochemical cell having a consummable shield for protecting the cell from thermal shock during immersion.

摘要翻译： 用于测量熔融金属浴中的活性氧含量的装置包括具有可消除屏蔽的电化学电池，用于在浸没期间保护电池免受热冲击。