Abstract:
A highly flexible sealing arrangement designed to seal high-temperature furnace ports, particularly the electrode port of an electric furnace. The seal comprises an annular support member fixed to a flexible sealing member and employs the use of a garter spring to uniformly apply the desired amount of seal compression. The arrangement and flexibility of the sealing member allows the seal to adapt itself to the wide range of operating and upset conditions that typically exist for a furnace electrode seal. Frictional wear on the seal may be greatly reduced as the design inherently allows for a much lower amount of seal compression to be applied, furthermore, the seal is able to move axially which can significantly reduce wear caused by electrode regulation.
Abstract:
It is proposed herein to employ thyristor firing angles as a fast prediction of flicker in power supply for an electric arc furnace. It is further proposed to actively modify operating variables for the electric arc furnace to maintain the flicker below a predefined threshold. Aspects of the present application use the thyristor firing angles in combination with control ranges of variable reactance devices to predict the flicker severity level generated by the electric arc furnace with thyristor-controlled variable reactance devices. Based on the predicted flicker level, at least one operating variable of the electric arc furnace may be changed, if required, to maintain flicker to acceptable limit.
Abstract:
A feed charging device comprises a holding vessel having an interior chamber for holding a reserve of a solid particulate feed material in a fluidized state, wherein the feed material is held in said fluidized state in a lower zone of the interior chamber. The feed material is supplied to the interior chamber through at least one outlet opening, and is discharged from the interior chamber through at least one outlet opening. The at least one outlet opening is in flow communication with the lower zone of the interior chamber. A gas supply means supplies a fluidizing gas to the lower zone of the interior chamber, and an outlet conduit in flow communication with the at least one outlet opening receives said feed material discharged from the interior chamber.
Abstract:
A system for processing a syngas stream including particulate matter, a combustible gas, and acid components is disclosed. The system includes a gasifier vessel configured to produce a raw syngas stream; a gas cooling apparatus configured to cool the raw syngas stream to produce a cooled syngas stream; an HCl and particulate removal apparatus configured to produce a reduced-HCl syngas stream; a first reheat apparatus configured to produce a first reheated syngas stream; a COS and HCN hydrolysis apparatus configured to produce a hydrolyzed syngas stream; an H2S removal apparatus configured to produce a reduced-H2S syngas stream; a second reheat apparatus configured to produce a second reheated syngas stream; an activated carbon bed apparatus configured to produce a polished syngas stream; and a compression and intercooling apparatus configured to compress and cool the polished syngas stream to produce a clean syngas stream.
Abstract:
A method is disclosed for controlling retention time in a reactor, such as an autoclave, having a plurality of compartments separated by dividers with underflow openings. A retention time of the reaction mixture is calculated and compared with an optimal retention time, and the volumes of the reaction mixture in the compartments are adjusted while maintaining the flow rate of the reaction mixture, so as to change the retention time to a value which is closer to the optimal retention time. The reactor may include a level sensor in the last compartment for generating volume data; a control valve for controlling the liquid level in the last compartment; and a controller which receives volume data from the level sensor and controls operation of the control valve.
Abstract:
An electrode assembly for use in a reduction cell for the production of metal such as aluminum. The electrode comprises an electrically conductive carbon electrode block with an electrically conductive metal member connected thereto. At least one solid, conductive metal insert is at least partly received in the carbon electrode block with an interference fit, such that the insert exerts a lateral force on the carbon electrode block. The insert provides an improved electrically conductive connection between the carbon electrode block and the conductive metal member, with reduced resistance. The insert may provide a direct connection between the electrode block and the metal member, or the connection may be provided through a layer of cast iron or other metal element provided between the electrode block and the metal member. The electrode assembly may either comprise an anode or a cathode.
Abstract:
A process for generating a metal sulfate that involves crystallizing a metal sulfate from an aqueous solution to form a crystallized metal sulfate in a mother liquor with uncrystallized metal sulfate remaining in the mother liquor; separating the crystallized metal sulfate from the mother liquor; basifying a portion of the mother liquor to convert the uncrystallized metal sulfate to a basic metal salt; and using the basic metal salt upstream of crystallizing the metal sulfate. So crystallized, the generated metal sulfate may be battery-grade or electroplating-grade.
Abstract:
A method, device, and system for detecting a current leak in a traction power rail. Magnetic or electrical properties of the rail are measured. The measurements are performed using a rail instrument that senses the properties around the rail at various times while the instrument is being moved down the rail, such as using a cart or train. The rail instrument may be a flux concentrator or open Rogowski coil. The locations of the rail, about which the readings are taken by the rail instrument, may be determined and correlated with the measurements themselves. The method may comprise measuring the magnetic field of the rail along a length of the rail, and identifying a leak based on differences between the magnetic field measurements. The system may comprise a cart comprising the rail instrument and a location instrument.
Abstract:
A process for removing impurities from a crystallized metal sulfate, including contacting crystallized metal sulfate with a liquor rich in metal sulfate. The metal may be cobalt, nickel, or manganese, and the impurities may be magnesium or calcium. The liquor rich in metal sulfate may be an overflow liquor from crystallization of the metal sulfate, and said overflow liquor may be subject to one or more impurities removal steps prior to contacting the crystallized metal sulfate, such that the overflow liquor contains lower levels of impurities than the crystallized metal sulfate to be contacted. A counter-current wash circuit may be used to remove impurities from a crystallized metal sulfate, whereby a plurality of washing tanks are configured to receive crystallized metal sulfate in a sequence, and washing liquor in reverse of said sequence.
Abstract:
It is proposed herein to employ thyristor firing angles as a fast prediction of flicker in power supply for an electric arc furnace. It is further proposed to actively modify operating variables for the electric arc furnace to maintain the flicker below a predefined threshold. Aspects of the present application use the thyristor firing angles in combination with control ranges of variable reactance devices to predict the flicker severity level generated by the electric arc furnace with thyristor-controlled variable reactance devices. Based on the predicted flicker level, at least one operating variable of the electric arc furnace may be changed, if required, to maintain flicker to acceptable limit.