公开(公告)号：US09438475B1

公开(公告)日：2016-09-06

申请号：US14231901

申请日：2014-04-01

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Shyam Kapadia ,  Nilesh Shah ,  Sharanya Subramanian

IPC: H04L12/66 ,  H04L12/24

CPC classification number: H04L61/2015 ,  H04L61/6068 ,  H04L67/2804

Abstract: Techniques described herein provide enhanced address allocation services in a network. A switch device in communication with a host device is configured as an address relay device and receives an address request message from the host device. The switch device modifies the address request message to include a response address that uniquely identifies the switch device. The switch device adds in a field of the address request message subnetwork information that identifies a subnetwork to which the host device belongs. The switch device sends the modified address request message to an address server.

Abstract translation: 本文描述的技术提供网络中的增强地址分配服务。 与主机设备通信的交换设备被配置为地址中继设备，并从主机设备接收地址请求消息。 交换设备修改地址请求消息以包括唯一标识交换设备的响应地址。 交换设备在标识主机设备所属的子网的地址请求消息子网信息的字段中添加。 交换机将修改后的地址请求消息发送给地址服务器。

公开(公告)号：US20160142313A1

公开(公告)日：2016-05-19

申请号：US15005082

申请日：2016-01-25

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Dileep K. Devireddy ,  Shyam Kapadia ,  Nilesh Shah

IPC: H04L12/741 ,  H04L29/12 ,  H04L12/931 ,  H04L29/06

CPC classification number: H04L45/745 ,  H04L45/586 ,  H04L45/74 ,  H04L49/70 ,  H04L61/103 ,  H04L61/2596 ,  H04L61/6009 ,  H04L61/6022 ,  H04L67/10 ,  H04L69/22

Abstract: At a physical device in a network configured to host a virtual switch and one or more virtual machines, a packet is received at the virtual switch from a source virtual machine that is directly attached to that virtual switch. A destination Media Access Control (MAC) address is identified from the packet indicating a destination virtual machine for the packet. In response to determining that the destination MAC address of the packet is not present in a database of MAC addresses accessible by the virtual switch, the destination MAC address of the packet is replaced with a shared MAC address associated with a plurality of physical switches in the network.

公开(公告)号：US20160134520A1

公开(公告)日：2016-05-12

申请号：US14539176

申请日：2014-11-12

Applicant: CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Inventor： Shyam Kapadia ,  Lukas Krattiger

IPC: H04L12/721 ,  H04L12/753 ,  H04L12/801

CPC classification number: H04L45/64 ,  H04L12/4633 ,  H04L45/04 ,  H04L45/50 ,  H04L45/54 ,  H04L2012/4629

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes importing a route target for a remote Virtual Routing and Forwarding instance (VRF) at a leaf node in an overlay network, the leaf node comprising at least one local VRF configured thereon, processing routes received for the route target at the leaf node, and installing the routes for the remote VRF at the local VRF at the leaf node to enable inter-VRF communication via the leaf node. An apparatus and logic are also disclosed herein.

Abstract translation: 在一个实施例中，一种方法包括在覆盖网络中的叶节点处导入远程虚拟路由和转发实例（VRF）的路由目标，所述叶节点包括在其上配置的至少一个本地VRF，处理为所述路由目标接收的路由 在叶节点，在叶节点的本地VRF上安装远程VRF的路由，以便通过叶节点进行VRF间的通信。 本文还公开了一种装置和逻辑。

公开(公告)号：US09294349B2

公开(公告)日：2016-03-22

申请号：US14053988

申请日：2013-10-15

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Vipin Jain ,  Dhananjaya Rao ,  Palathingal Frank ,  Shyam Kapadia ,  Nilesh Shah

IPC: H04L12/24

CPC classification number: H04L41/0806 ,  H04L41/0816

Abstract: Presented herein are techniques to handle data packets received at a top-of-rack (ToR) switch in an underlay network hosting one or more tenant networks. The underlay network may comprise a plurality of ToR switches each connected to each of a plurality of spine switches. The data packet may be received from a virtual machine in a tenant network, and have a header with a data packet identifier. A mobility domain identifier may be determined that corresponds to the network portion within which the virtual machine can be migrated. The mobility domain may be configured on the ToR switch on a per-port basis based on the virtual machine connected to the ToR switch port. A unique identifier may be formed based on the data packet identifier and mobility domain identifier. Using this unique identifier, provisioning information may be obtained for the tenant network on the ToR switch.

Abstract translation: 这里提出的是处理在托管一个或多个租户网络的底层网络中的机架顶部（ToR）交换机处接收的数据分组的技术。 底层网络可以包括多个ToR开关，每个ToR开关连接到多个脊柱开关中的每一个。 可以从租户网络中的虚拟机接收数据分组，并具有具有数据分组标识符的报头。 可以确定对应于可以迁移虚拟机的网络部分的移动性域标识符。 基于连接到ToR交换机端口的虚拟机，每个端口可以在ToR交换机上配置移动性域。 可以基于数据分组标识符和移动性域标识符形成唯一标识符。 使用该唯一标识符，可以为ToR交换机上的租户网络获取供应信息。

公开(公告)号：US20160080247A1

公开(公告)日：2016-03-17

申请号：US14947134

申请日：2015-11-20

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Yibin Yang ,  Chiajen Tsai ,  Liqin Dong ,  Shyam Kapadia

IPC: H04L12/721 ,  H04L12/46

CPC classification number: H04L45/124 ,  H04L12/4633 ,  H04L12/4641 ,  H04L45/12 ,  H04L45/66

Abstract: An example method for determining an optimal forwarding path across a network having gateways configured to implement a plurality of logical networking protocols can include determining a path cost over a first logical network between each of the gateways and a source node and a path cost over the a second logical network between each of the gateways and a destination node. Additionally, the method can include determining an encapsulation cost difference between switching packets over the first and second logical networks. The method can also include determining an encapsulation overhead metric associated with one of the first or second logical networks, and weighting one of the first or second path cost by the encapsulation overhead metric. Further, the method can include selecting one of the gateways as an optimal gateway. The selection can be based on the computed path costs.

Abstract translation: 用于确定跨越具有被配置为实现多个逻辑网络协议的网关的网络的最佳转发路径的示例性方法可以包括：确定在每个网关与源节点之间的第一逻辑网络上的路径开销，以及在 每个网关和目的地节点之间的第二逻辑网络。 另外，该方法可以包括确定通过第一和第二逻辑网络切换分组之间的封装成本差异。 该方法还可以包括确定与第一或第二逻辑网络之一相关联的封装开销度量，以及通过封装开销度量来加权第一或第二路径开销中的一个。 此外，该方法可以包括选择网关之一作为最佳网关。 选择可以基于计算出的路径成本。

公开(公告)号：US20150124814A1

公开(公告)日：2015-05-07

申请号：US14074522

申请日：2013-11-07

Applicant: CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Inventor： Suran Saminda De Silva ,  Shyam Kapadia ,  Rajesh Babu Nataraja ,  Nilesh Shah ,  Pei-chun Cheng

IPC: H04L12/741 ,  H04L12/713

CPC classification number: H04L45/745 ,  G06F9/44 ,  G06F9/45558 ,  G06F2009/45595 ,  H04L45/586 ,  H04L49/70

Abstract: A method is provided in one example embodiment and includes receiving at a first network element a packet from a second network element; processing the packet at the first network element to obtain information regarding an identity of a virtual machine (“VM”) hosted by the second network element contained within the packet; and storing at the first network element the identifying information. The identifying information stored at the first network element is accessible by at least one third network element. In some embodiments, the first network element comprises a physical switch and the second network element comprises a virtual switch.

Abstract translation: 在一个示例实施例中提供了一种方法，并且包括在第一网络元件处接收来自第二网络元件的分组; 处理在第一网元处的分组以获得关于由分组中包含的第二网元承载的虚拟机（“VM”）的身份的信息; 以及在所述第一网络元件处存储所述识别信息。 存储在第一网络元件处的识别信息可由至少一个第三网络元件访问。 在一些实施例中，第一网络元件包括物理交换机，第二网络元件包括虚拟交换机。

公开(公告)号：US20150063353A1

公开(公告)日：2015-03-05

申请号：US14018134

申请日：2013-09-04

Applicant: CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Inventor： Shyam Kapadia ,  Puto H. Subagio ,  Yibin Yang ,  Nilesh Shah ,  Vipin Jain ,  Ashutosh Agrawal

IPC: H04L12/741 ,  H04L12/56

CPC classification number: H04L45/745 ,  H04L45/741

Abstract: An example method for implementation of virtual extensible local area network (VXLAN) in top-of-rack (ToR) switches in a network environment is provided and includes receiving a packet encapsulated with a VXLAN header having an unknown virtual tunnel endpoint (VTEP) Internet Protocol (IP) address in a network environment, and installing an entry at an index location of a forwarding table. The index location includes an encoding of the VTEP-IP address as a VTEP index (VTEP-IDX), and the entry maps a VXLAN interface to an IP address associated with a VXLAN network interface (VNI). In specific embodiments, the VTEP-IDX is logN bits, where N is a size of the forwarding table. The forwarding table indicates a destination VTEP IP address when encapsulating the packet, and the source VTEP IP address when decapsulating the packet.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于在网络环境中在机架（ToR）交换机中实现虚拟可扩展局域网（VXLAN）的示例性方法，包括接收使用具有未知虚拟隧道端点（VTEP）Internet的VXLAN头封装的分组 网络环境中的协议（IP）地址，以及在转发表的索引位置安装条目。 索引位置包括作为VTEP索引（VTEP-IDX）的VTEP-IP地址的编码，并且该条目将VXLAN接口映射到与VXLAN网络接口（VNI）相关联的IP地址。 在具体实施例中，VTEP-IDX是logN比特，其中N是转发表的大小。 转发表在封装数据包时指示目标VTEP IP地址，解封装数据包时的源VTEP IP地址。

公开(公告)号：US08948181B2

公开(公告)日：2015-02-03

申请号：US13658610

申请日：2012-10-23

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Shyam Kapadia ,  Nilesh Shah

IPC: H04L12/28 ,  H04L12/741

CPC classification number: H04L45/74

Abstract: A method for optimizing next-hop table space in a dual-homed network environment is provided and includes associating an Emulated Switch Internet Protocol (ES-IP) address and an Emulated Switch Media Access Control (ES-MAC) address with an Emulated Switch Identifier (ES-ID) of an emulated switch connected to a dual-homed host having a host IP address in a network environment, and populating a host route table with a mapping between the host IP address and the ES-IP address. The method further includes receiving an outgoing packet with the host IP address as a destination address, determining the ES-IP address corresponding to the host IP address, sending out an ARP request for a MAC address corresponding to the ES-IP address, receiving the ES-MAC address, determining the ES-ID corresponding to the ES-MAC address, encapsulating the outgoing packet with the ES-ID, and forwarding the packet.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于优化双归属网络环境中的下一跳表空间的方法，并且包括将仿真交换机因特网协议（ES-IP）地址与仿真交换机介质访问控制（ES-MAC）地址与仿真交换机标识符 （ES-ID），其连接到具有网络环境中的主机IP地址的双宿主主机，并且在主机IP地址和ES-IP地址之间的映射中填充主机路由表。 该方法还包括接收主机IP地址作为目的地地址的出局包，确定与主机IP地址对应的ES-IP地址，发送对应于ES-IP地址的MAC地址的ARP请求，接收 ES-MAC地址，确定与ES-MAC地址对应的ES-ID，封装带有ES-ID的出局报文，并转发报文。

公开(公告)号：US20140254590A1

公开(公告)日：2014-09-11

申请号：US13787453

申请日：2013-03-06

Applicant: CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Inventor： Yibin Yang ,  Chiajen Tsai ,  Liqin Dong ,  Shyam Kapadia

IPC: H04L12/18

CPC classification number: H04L12/18 ,  H04L12/1886 ,  H04L45/16

Abstract: A method is provided in one example embodiment and includes determining a route target (“RT”) membership for a network element; determining at least one attribute for the RT membership; and advertising the RT membership with the at least one attribute to other network elements. The at least one attribute may include an RT membership type attribute for indicating whether the RT membership is due to a local virtual network connection, transit support, or both. Additionally or alternatively, the at least one attribute may include a distribution tree binding attribute for indicating a distribution tree for the RT membership.

Abstract translation: 在一个示例实施例中提供了一种方法，并且包括确定网络元件的路由目标（“RT”）成员资格; 确定RT成员资格的至少一个属性; 以及将具有至少一个属性的RT成员资格广告到其他网络元件。 所述至少一个属性可以包括用于指示RT成员资格是由于本地虚拟网络连接，中转支持还是两者的RT成员资格类型属性。 另外或替代地，所述至少一个属性可以包括用于指示RT成员资格的分发树的分发树绑定属性。

公开(公告)号：US20140254589A1

公开(公告)日：2014-09-11

申请号：US13785483

申请日：2013-03-05

Applicant: CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Inventor： Shyam Kapadia ,  Nilesh Shah ,  Bhushan Kanekar

IPC: H04L12/775

CPC classification number: H04L45/58 ,  H04L12/1881 ,  H04L45/16 ,  H04L45/54 ,  H04L45/74

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for a multicast based solution to solving the slow-start problem that ensures both optimal (1-hop) and in-sequence delivery of packets to the destination. Packets are hardware switched thereby completely eliminating the slow software switching path.

Abstract translation: 为基于组播的解决方案提供了系统和方法，以解决确保向目的地分组的最佳（1跳）和顺序传递的慢启动问题。 数据包是硬件切换的，从而完全消除了软件切换路径慢。