摘要:
A method for forming many microlenses comparatively easily and effectively is provided. On one end of an optical substrate is formed a plurality of lens planes at regular intervals. Lens areas containing the lens planes are partially covered by an etching mask and etching processing is performed on areas being exposed outside the etching mask to remove the areas to a specified depth. While the lens planes formed on one surface of the optical substrate are being held by a support substrate, polishing processing is performed on another end face of the optical substrate and each microlens formed in the lens areas is separated from the support substrate.
摘要:
An optical lens device assembly containing an optical lens device and an optical device sealed without causing complication of optical module configurations is provided. In the optical lens device assembly, a resin member having light transmittance is used to fill in space between the optical lens device and the optical device to be optically coupled to the optical lens device. The resin member is made from a resin material having a refractive index being different from that of the optical lens device. The resin member is used to seal a clearance between optical planes, which face each other, of the optical lens device and the optical device, and to mechanically couple the optical lens device to the optical device.
摘要:
An optical switch includes an optical input terminal, a first deflector disposed to receive light from the optical input terminal, controlled to change its deflection angle, second deflectors arranged in a substrate, the first deflector transmits light from the optical input terminal to one of the second deflectors selectively, and optical output terminals disposed to receive light from the second deflectors, the second deflectors transmit light from the first deflector to the optical output terminals.
摘要:
To provide a microoptical system for free-space optical interconnection capable of relaxing the arrangement accuracy of a light source and a photodetector. A point light source and a photodetector are interconnected each other by first and second imaging lenses and focused Gaussian beams. In this case, the point light source, first imaging lens, second imaging lens, and photodetector are positioned so that the effective beam radius .omega..sub.2 of a focused Gaussian beam on the first interconnecting lens is larger than the effective beam radius .omega..sub.4 of a focused Gaussian beam on the second imaging lens.
摘要:
A hydraulic variable damping device for installation in the frame of a structure to control vibrations while evaluating the damping property of the structure during seismic disturbances. Control means for this device include a command value judging circuit for comparing the plus or minus sign of a differential pressure value between hydraulic chambers within the device with that of a generated damping force command value to output a valve opening command value for fully opening a flow regulating valve when the signs of the command value and the differential pressure value are different from each other. A pressure controller is provided for making a correction based on the feedback of the pressure valve when the signs of the damping force command value and the differential pressure value are the same to generate a valve opening command value. A valve controller circuit is provided for making a correction by feeding back a detected valve opening value of the flow regulating valve with respect to the valve opening command value signal received from the command value judging circuit or the pressure controller to generate a valve opening control command value.
摘要:
An image reading apparatus includes a cover, a reading device including a light source and a sensor, and a control device including circuitry. The circuitry acquires first data with the light source turned off, acquires second data with the light source turned on, calculates a first evaluation value for each of plural locations of the first data, calculates a second evaluation value for each of plural locations of the second data, determines an open or closed state of the cover based on the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value, determines that the cover is open when at least one of a determination result based on the first evaluation value or a determination result based on the second evaluation value indicates the open state of the cover, and determines that the cover is closed when the two determination results both indicate the closed state of the cover.
摘要:
An image reading apparatus includes a cover, a reading device including a light source and a sensor, and a control device including circuitry. The circuitry acquires first data with the light source turned off, acquires second data with the light source turned on, calculates a first evaluation value for each of plural locations of the first data, calculates a second evaluation value for each of plural locations of the second data, determines an open or closed state of the cover based on the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value, determines that the cover is open when at least one of a determination result based on the first evaluation value or a determination result based on the second evaluation value indicates the open state of the cover, and determines that the cover is closed when the two determination results both indicate the closed state of the cover.
摘要:
A lens optical element including an on-chip lens with a convex surface formed at a top part of a column-shaped portion; and a light emitting surface disposed in a state where the light emitting surface is covered by a bottom portion of the column-shaped portion of the on-chip lens. The relationship between a lens height, which is defined as a height from the light emitting surface to a peak of the convex surface, a thickness of the column-shaped portion, and a refractive index of a structural material of the on-chip lens is set so that when the light emitting surface emits light, a state is produced where the convex surface of the on-chip lens appears to have uniform brightness.
摘要:
A rechargeable battery system that controls charge/discharge of a lithium ion rechargeable battery, includes: an internal resistance detection unit that detects or estimates an internal resistance value indicating an internal resistance at the lithium ion rechargeable battery; and a discharge control unit that executes control so as to set a discharge suspension period while the lithium ion rechargeable battery is discharged if the internal resistance value detected via the internal resistance detection unit during discharge of the lithium ion rechargeable battery exceeds a first threshold value.
摘要:
Provided is a secondary battery system including: a battery controller which controls charge and discharge of a secondary battery; a total controller which controls the entire system; an ammeter which detects a charge current and a discharge current of the secondary battery; and a voltmeter which detects a voltage of the secondary battery, in which a direct current resistance of the secondary battery at the time of charge and a direct current resistance of the secondary battery at the time of discharge are obtained on the basis of a current value and a voltage value detected by the ammeter and the voltmeter, to thereby determine a temporary increase in the direct current resistance of the secondary battery caused by charge and discharge with a large current on the basis of a relation between the two obtained direct current resistances. Accordingly, in a secondary battery system used in a hybrid system, a wind power generating system, a photovoltaic power generating system, and the like, the situation where a direct current resistance thereof transitionally (temporarily) increases is simply detected on the basis of the usage situation of a secondary battery, to thereby accurately calculate the deterioration state of the secondary battery and thus enable an appropriate coping process, so that the life of the secondary battery can be extended.