摘要:
The present invention concerns a process for hydrocyanating ethylenically unsaturated organic compounds to compounds containing at least one nitrile function. It relates more particularly to the hydrocyanation of diolefins such as butadiene or of substituted olefins such as alkenenitriles, for instance pentenenitriles. According to the process of the invention the reaction is implemented in the presence of a metal complex catalyst comprising a transition metal such as nickel and an organic ligand.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for hydrocyanating a hydrocarbon-based compound containing at least one ethylenic unsaturation by reaction in liquid medium with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal element chosen from transition metals and an organophosphorus ligand, characterized in that the organophosphorus ligand is a monodentate organophosphorus compound. The present invention is in particular useful for the synthesis of adiponitrile from butadiene.
摘要:
An apparatus for the production of gasolines with a low sulphur content from a catalytic cracking gasoline, comprising a fractionation column (1) provided with a line (2) for introducing raw gasoline from a catalytic cracking step and comprising at least two lines, one (3) in the upper portion of the column for taking off a light cut, and the other (4) in the lower portion of the column for taking off the heavy cut; a zone (5) for hydrotreatment in the presence of hydrogen, comprising a catalytic bed, an inlet line (6) for the light gasoline cut to be treated, said line being connected either to the fractionation column (I), or to the zone (7) for treatment over a palladium catalyst, said hydrotreatment zone also comprising an outlet line (8) for hydrotreated effluent; a stripping zone (9) comprising a line for introducing light hydrotreated gasoline, a line (10) for evacuating H2S and an outlet line (11) for stripped light gasoline; and said apparatus also comprising at least one of the following sweetening zones: a sweetening zone (12) located after the stripping zone, comprising a line for introducing the stripped light gasoline and a line (14) for supplying an oxidizing agent to said zone; a treatment zone (7) located after the hydrotreatment zone and comprising a line (3) for introducing the light gasoline cut from the fractionation column, an outlet line for the treated light gasoline cut, said zone also comprising at least one catalyst bed containing 0.1-1% of palladium deposited on a support, and said apparatus further comprising a line (13) for taking the stripped and sweetened light gasoline out of the apparatus, and connected either to the zone (12) or to the zone (9).
摘要:
A catalyst comprising at least one support, at least one element from groups 8, 9 or 10 of the periodic table, at least one element from group 14 of the periodic table, at least one element from group 13 of the periodic table, at least one alkali or alkaline-earth metal, and, optionally, at least one halogen in an amount in the range from 0 to 0.2% by weight with respect to the total catalyst weight, the catalyst being characterized in that the accessibility of the element from groups 8, 9 or 10 is more than 50%. The invention also concerns a process for preparing a catalyst and the use of the catalyst in a process for dehydrogenating paraffins containing 3 to 22 carbon atoms per molecule.
摘要:
A process for hydrogenating organic compounds containing at least one function selected from aldehyde, ketone, ester, acid and nitro functions and/or containing an aromatic group is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one support, at least one metal from group VIII of the periodic table and at least one additional element M selected from the group formed by germanium, tin, lead, rhenium, gallium, indium, gold, silver and thallium. The process is characterized in that the catalyst is prepared using a process in which said metal M is introduced in an aqueous solvent, in the form of at least one organometallic compound comprising at least one carbon-M bond.
摘要:
A novel catalyst comprises at least one support and at least one metal from group VIII or the periodic table e.g. palladium and is characterized in that the metal particles deposited on the support are not isolated from each other, e.g. at least 50% of the particles have a point of contact with one other particle.
摘要:
In a process for preparing a catalyst comprising at least one support, at least one metal from group VIII of the periodic table and at least one additional element M selected from the group formed by germanium, tin, lead, rhenium, gallium, indium and thallium, metal M is introduced in an aqueous solvent in the form of at least one organometalic compound comprising at least one carbon-M bond.
摘要:
A process for selective hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds such as acetylenic compounds or diolefins is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one support, at least one metal from group VIII of the periodic table and at least one additional element M selected from the group formed by germanium, tin, lead, rhenium, gallium, indium, gold, silver and thallium. The process is characterized in that the catalyst is prepared using a process in which said metal M is introduced in an aqueous solvent, in the form of at least one organometallic compound comprising at least one carbon-M bond.
摘要:
A process and apparatus for treating raw gasoline from catalytic cracking to obtain gasoline with the qualities required for use as motor fuel comprises selective hydrogenation followed by stabilization and optional cooling of the effluent, then sweetening followed by degassing to obtain a dedienized, stabilized and sweetened gasoline. The hydrogenation catalyst preferably comprises 0.1-1% of palladium deposited on a support, sweetening is preferably carried out on a solid catalyst containing an aluminosilicate of an alkali metal (for example sodalite), a metal chelate and activated charcoal. The product from this process can be placed directly in the gasoline pool or, advantageously, fractionated to obtain one or more cuts which can be used as feeds for etherification.
摘要:
A process for the selective hydrogenation in the gas phase of acetylene compounds containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms to the corresponding ethylene compounds is described. The process uses a catalyst in the form of spherules or extrudates containing palladium, at least one group IB metal, optionally at least one alkaline or alkaline-earth metal and alumina, in which at least 80% of the palladium and at least 80% of the group IB element are present in a volume at the periphery of the catalyst defined between a spherical or cylindrical surface of radius r.sub.1 corresponding to the average spherule or extrudate diameter and a spherical or cylindrical surface of radius r.sub.2 at least equal to 0.8r.sub.1. More particularly, the catalyst comprises an alumina, palladium in a proportion of 0.01% to 0.5% by weight, and group IB metal in a proportion of 0.001 to 0.02% by weight, with a weight ratio of group IB metal/palladium of 0.05 to 0.25.