公开(公告)号：US06522444B2

公开(公告)日：2003-02-18

申请号：US10142487

申请日：2002-05-10

申请人： Michael J. Mandella ,  Mark H. Garrett ,  Gordon S. Kino

发明人： Michael J. Mandella ,  Mark H. Garrett ,  Gordon S. Kino

IPC分类号： G02B2608

CPC分类号： G02B21/0048 ,  A61B1/00183 ,  A61B1/00186 ,  A61B1/00188 ,  A61B1/043 ,  A61B5/0068 ,  A61B5/0084 ,  G02B21/0028 ,  G02B23/2407 ,  Y10S359/90

摘要： The present invention provides a novel class of integrated angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscopes. An integrated angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscope according to the present invention advantageously exploits an angled-dual-axis confocal arrangement in a silicon micro-machined and fiber-coupled construction, rendering it enhanced resolution, faster scanning, higher sensitivity, highly integrated and scalable structure. An integrated angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscope thus constructed can be readily miniaturized for many applications, such as in vivo imaging of biological specimens. One or two illumination beams may be employed in an angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscope of the present invention, thereby providing an assortment of reflectance and fluorescence images. An angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscope of the present invention is further capable of providing various line and cross-sectional-surface scans with fast speed and high precision. As such, the angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscopes of the present invention provide advantages of high-speed and versatile scanning, larger dynamic range of detection, larger field of view and longer working distance, a compact and integrated construction, and versatile imaging capabilities. These novel devices are particularly suitable for biological and medical imaging applications.

公开(公告)号：US06441356B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-27

申请号：US09628119

申请日：2000-07-28

申请人： Michael J. Mandella ,  Mark H. Garrett ,  Gordon S. Kino

发明人： Michael J. Mandella ,  Mark H. Garrett ,  Gordon S. Kino

IPC分类号： G02B2608

CPC分类号： G02B21/002 ,  G01B9/02003 ,  G01B9/02022 ,  G01B9/02058 ,  G01B9/0209 ,  G01B2290/45 ,  G01B2290/65 ,  G01B2290/70

摘要： This invention provides an angled-dual-axis optical coherence scanning microscope comprising a fiber-coupled, high-speed angled-dual-axis confocal scanning head and a vertical scanning unit. The angled-dual-axis confocal scanning head is configured such that an illumination beam and an observation beam intersect optimally at an angle &thgr; within an object and the scanning is achieved by pivoting the illumination and observation beams jointly using a high-speed scanning element, thereby producing an arc-line scan. The vertical scanning unit causes the angled-dual-axis confocal scanning head to move towards or away from the object. Optical coherence detection is employed to provide temporal gating, thus detecting mostly single-scattered light and preventing multiple-scattered light from dominating the signal when imaging in a scattering medium. By incorporating MEMS scanning mirrors and fiber-optic components, the angled-dual-axis optical coherence scanning microscope can be miniaturized to provide a particularly powerful tool for in vivo medical imaging applications.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种角度双轴光学相干扫描显微镜，其包括光纤耦合的高速双角双轴共焦扫描头和垂直扫描单元。 角度双轴共焦扫描头被配置为使得照明光束和观察光束以物体内的角度θ最佳地相交，并且通过使用高速扫描元件联合地枢转照明和观察光束来实现扫描， 从而产生弧线扫描。 垂直扫描单元使成角度的双轴共焦扫描头朝向或远离物体移动。 光学相干检测用于提供时间门控，因此主要检测单散射光，并且在散射介质中成像时防止多散射光主导信号。 通过结合MEMS扫描镜和光纤组件，角度双轴光学相干扫描显微镜可以小型化，为体内医学成像应用提供特别强大的工具。

公开(公告)号：US06307633B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-23

申请号：US09541433

申请日：2000-03-31

申请人： Michael J. Mandella ,  Mark H. Garrett ,  Gordon S. Kino

发明人： Michael J. Mandella ,  Mark H. Garrett ,  Gordon S. Kino

IPC分类号： G01B902

CPC分类号： A61B3/102

摘要： An apparatus and method for performing optical coherence domain reflectometry. The apparatus preferably includes a single output light source to illuminate a sample with a probe beam and to provide a reference beam. The reference beam is routed into a long arm of an interferometer by a polarizing beamsplitter. A reflected beam is collected from the sample. A 90° double pass polarization rotation element located between the light source and the sample renders the polarizations of the probe beam and reflected beam orthogonal. The polarizing beamsplitter routes the reflected beam into a short arm of the interferometer. The interferometer combines the reference beam and the reflected beam such that coherent interference occurs between the beams. The apparatus ensures that all of the reflected beam contributes to the interference, resulting in a high signal to noise ratio.

摘要翻译： 用于执行光学相干畴反射测量的装置和方法。 该装置优选地包括用探测光束照射样品并提供参考光束的单个输出光源。 参考光束通过偏振分光镜被路由到干涉仪的长臂中。 从样品收集反射光束。 位于光源和样品之间的90°双通道偏振旋转元件使探测光束和反射光束的偏振正交。 偏振分束器将反射光束路由到干涉仪的短臂。 干涉仪组合参考光束和反射光束，使得光束之间发生相干干涉。 该装置确保所有的反射光束有助于干扰，导致高的信噪比。

公开(公告)号：US06252666B1

公开(公告)日：2001-06-26

申请号：US09540298

申请日：2000-03-31

申请人： Michael J. Mandella ,  Mark H. Garrett ,  Gordon S. Kino

发明人： Michael J. Mandella ,  Mark H. Garrett ,  Gordon S. Kino

IPC分类号： G01B902

CPC分类号： A61B3/102

摘要： An apparatus and method for performing optical coherence domain reflectometry. The apparatus preferably includes a single output light source to illuminate a sample with a probe beam and to provide a reference beam. The reference beam is routed into a long arm of an interferometer by a polarizing beamsplitter. A reflected beam is collected from the sample. A 90° double pass polarization rotation element located between the light source and the sample renders the polarizations of the probe beam and reflected beam orthogonal. The polarizing beamsplitter routes the reflected beam into a short arm of the interferometer. The interferometer combines the reference beam and the reflected beam such that coherent interference occurs between the beams. The apparatus ensures that all of the reflected beam contributes to the interference, resulting in a high signal to noise ratio.

摘要翻译： 用于执行光学相干畴反射测量的装置和方法。 该装置优选地包括用探测光束照射样品并提供参考光束的单个输出光源。 参考光束通过偏振分光镜被路由到干涉仪的长臂中。 从样品收集反射光束。 位于光源和样品之间的90°双通道偏振旋转元件使探测光束和反射光束的偏振正交。 偏振分束器将反射光束路由到干涉仪的短臂。 干涉仪组合参考光束和反射光束，使得光束之间发生相干干涉。 该装置确保所有的反射光束有助于干扰，导致高的信噪比。

公开(公告)号：US6122090A

公开(公告)日：2000-09-19

申请号：US438098

申请日：1999-11-10

申请人： Gordon S. Kino ,  Pavel Neuzil

发明人： Gordon S. Kino ,  Pavel Neuzil

IPC分类号： G02B7/182 ,  G02B26/08 ,  G02B27/00

CPC分类号： G02B26/0841 ,  G02B7/1821 ,  Y10S359/90

摘要： A method of forming a silicon nitride scanning torsion mirror which includes depositing a silicon nitride layer on a support substrate, etching the silicon nitride layer to form a mirror supported within the layer by integral torsion hinges and then selectively etching the substrate under the mirror to form a well.

摘要翻译： 一种形成氮化硅扫描扭转镜的方法，包括在支撑衬底上沉积氮化硅层，蚀刻氮化硅层以形成通过整体扭转铰链支撑在该层内的反射镜，然后选择性地蚀刻反射镜下的衬底以形成 一口井。

公开(公告)号：US5916170A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-29

申请号：US158969

申请日：1998-09-21

申请人： Matthew L. Kolz ,  Peter J. Fitzgerald ,  Gordon S. Kino

发明人： Matthew L. Kolz ,  Peter J. Fitzgerald ,  Gordon S. Kino

IPC分类号： A61B8/06 ,  A61B8/12 ,  A61B8/00

CPC分类号： A61B8/06 ,  A61B8/12 ,  A61B8/4461 ,  A61B8/445

摘要： An ultrasound imaging apparatus for measuring the curvature of a vessel consisting of a distal transducer mounted on a transducer supporting device. A resilient deformable material is attached to the transducer supporting device and allows the angular orientation of the transducer to change based on the local vessel curvature. The ultrasound imaging apparatus emits ultrasound radiation from multiple pulsed electronic signals as the apparatus is moved through a vessel or sheath catheter at a known velocity. The distal transducer receives the scattered ultrasound radiation and differences in the phase shifts of the scattered ultrasound radiation are analyzed to detect or measure curvature.

摘要翻译： 一种用于测量由安装在换能器支撑装置上的远端换能器组成的血管的曲率的超声波成像装置。 弹性可变形材料附接到换能器支撑装置，并且允许换能器的角度取向基于局部血管曲率而改变。 当设备以已知速度移动通过血管或鞘导管时，超声成像设备从多个脉冲电子信号发射超声波辐射。 远端换能器接收散射超声波，并分析散射超声波相移的差异，以检测或测量曲率。

公开(公告)号：US4991923A

公开(公告)日：1991-02-12

申请号：US298177

申请日：1989-01-17

申请人： Gordon S. Kino ,  Guo Q. Xiao ,  Butrus T. Khuri-Yakub ,  David B. Patterson ,  Asif A. Godil

发明人： Gordon S. Kino ,  Guo Q. Xiao ,  Butrus T. Khuri-Yakub ,  David B. Patterson ,  Asif A. Godil

IPC分类号： G02B6/28 ,  G02F1/01 ,  G02F1/335

CPC分类号： G02F1/0134 ,  G02B6/2821 ,  G02F1/335

摘要： An acousto-optic device which is incorporated into a fiber optic system to define, based upon device configuration, an element such as a phase modulator, optical tap, frequency shifter or mode coupler. The device comprises an acoustic transmission member having a groove therein which is secured in the Hertzian contact along a continuous portion of its surface with an optical waveguide so as to communicate acoustic signals from a transducer affixed on the member through the Hertzian contact area and into the optical waveguide. In one preferred embodiment the member comprises a capillary tube having a bore that is substantially the same diameter as the optical waveguide to which the device is to be affixed. A portion of the capillary tube is removed to expose the base, thereby defining a groove along the capillary substrate. In one preferred embodiment an acoustic transducer is deposited on the curved surface opposite the groove to focus acoustic signals from the transducer toward the groove. In another preferred embodiment, a portion of the capillary substrate opposite the groove is lapped to form a substantially flat surface which is parallel to the plane of the groove. An acoustic transducer is then deposited on the flat surface. The capillary substrate may also be lapped to form a wedge configuration for launching acoustic waves at an angle with respect to the groove. The optical waveguide is pressed into the groove to form the Hertzian contact with the groove.

摘要翻译： 一种声光装置，其结合到光纤系统中以基于装置配置来定义诸如相位调制器，光抽头，移相器或模式耦合器的元件。 该装置包括其中具有凹槽的声传导构件，其通过光波导沿着其表面的连续部分固定在赫兹接触中，以便将来自安装在构件上的换能器的声信号通过赫兹接触区域传送到 光波导。 在一个优选实施例中，构件包括毛细管，该毛细管具有与该装置要固定的光波导基本相同的直径的孔。 去除毛细管的一部分以露出基部，从而沿着毛细管基底限定凹槽。 在一个优选实施例中，声学换能器沉积在与凹槽相对的弯曲表面上，以将来自换能器的声学信号聚焦到凹槽。 在另一个优选实施例中，与凹槽相对的毛细管基底的一部分被重叠以形成平行于凹槽平面的基本平坦的表面。 然后将声换能器沉积在平坦表面上。 也可以研磨毛细管基底以形成用于相对于凹槽成角度地发射声波的楔形结构。 光波导被压入槽中以形成与槽的赫兹接触。

公开(公告)号：US4872738A

公开(公告)日：1989-10-10

申请号：US830461

申请日：1986-02-18

申请人： William P. Risk ,  Gordon S. Kino

发明人： William P. Risk ,  Gordon S. Kino

IPC分类号： H04B10/00 ,  G02B6/00 ,  G02F1/01 ,  G02F1/11 ,  G02F2/02 ,  H04B10/22

CPC分类号： G02F1/0134

摘要： An acoustic wave is propagated colinearly with the optical signals in an optical fiber to cause coupling of an optical signal in one propagation mode of the optical fiber to the other propagation mode in the optical fiber. The acoustic wave is selected to have an acoustic wave length which is shorter in the direction of optical propagation than the optical beat length between the two propagation modes of the fiber. In order to cause phase-matching between the two optical propagation modes, a periodic structure is used to cause the acoustic wave to contact the optical fiber at periodic locations so that the coupling between the two propagation modes is periodically enabled and disabled. The periodic contact of the acoustic wave with the optical fiber has the effect of adding a spatial propagation constant. The periodicity of the periodic structure is selected so that the spatial propagation constant of the periodic structure is equal to the mismatch in the propagation constants of the two optical propagation modes and the acoustic wave. The present invention thereby provides a means of obtaining greater shifts in the optical frequency while using a colinearly propagating acoustic wave.

摘要翻译： 声波与光纤中的光信号共线传播，以使光纤的一种传播模式中的光信号与光纤中的另一传播模式耦合。 声波被选择为具有在光传播方向上比在光纤的两种传播模式之间的光拍长度更短的声波长度。 为了引起两个光传播模式之间的相位匹配，使用周期性结构使声波在周期性位置处接触光纤，使得两个传播模式之间的耦合被周期性地启用和禁用。 声波与光纤的周期性接触具有增加空间传播常数的作用。 选择周期性结构的周期性使得周期性结构的空间传播常数等于两个光传播模式和声波的传播常数的失配。 因此，本发明提供了一种在使用共线传播的声波时获得更大的光频偏移的方法。

公开(公告)号：US4458328A

公开(公告)日：1984-07-03

申请号：US234526

申请日：1981-02-13

申请人： Gordon S. Kino ,  David Behar ,  John E. Bowers ,  Hermund Olaisen

发明人： Gordon S. Kino ,  David Behar ,  John E. Bowers ,  Hermund Olaisen

IPC分类号： G06G7/195 ,  H03H21/00 ,  G06G7/122 ,  G06G7/19

CPC分类号： H03H21/0005 ,  G06G7/195

摘要： An analog adaptive filter for deconvolving distorted signals. A clipped vion of the least mean square algorithm is implemented in a first embodiment by placing an acoustic surface wave storage correlator in a feedback loop and performing an iterative two step process to adjust the weight function of the correlator to make the output of the filter converge to a desired signal. In the first step, the distorted signal is applied to the top plate port of the storage correlator and the filter output from the acoustic port is delayed and subtracted from a training signal to produce an error signal. In the second step, the error signal is applied to the top plate port and the distorted signal is applied to the acoustic port which results in the correlation of the acoustic signal and the plate signal being added to the weight function stored in the storage correlator. The two step process is repeated until the filter output from the plate port converges to an approximation of the training signal. The filter may then be used to deconvolve other signals which have undergone a similar distortion. In a second embodiment which does not require switching, the error signal is coupled to the second acoustic port to provide the feedback signal. In a third embodiment, the filter is used as an interference canceller.

摘要翻译： 用于去卷积失真信号的模拟自适应滤波器。 在第一实施例中通过将声表面波存储相关器放置在反馈回路中并执行迭代两步过程来调整相关器的权重函数以使滤波器的输出收敛，实现最小均方算法的限幅版本 到期望的信号。 在第一步中，将失真的信号施加到存储相关器的顶板端口，并且从声学端口输出的滤波器被延迟并从训练信号中减去以产生误差信号。 在第二步骤中，将错误信号施加到顶板端口，并且将失真的信号施加到声学端口，这导致声信号和板信号的相关性被添加到存储在存储相关器中的权重函数。 重复两步处理，直到从板端口输出的滤波器收敛到训练信号的近似值。 然后可以使用滤波器对已经经历类似失真的其它信号去卷积。 在不需要切换的第二实施例中，误差信号耦合到第二声学端口以提供反馈信号。 在第三实施例中，滤波器用作干扰消除器。

公开(公告)号：US08428412B2

公开(公告)日：2013-04-23

申请号：US12356510

申请日：2009-01-20

申请人： Hyang Kyun Kim ,  Shanhui Fan ,  Gordon S. Kino ,  Jonghwa Shin ,  Michel J. F. Digonnet ,  Vinayak Dangui

发明人： Hyang Kyun Kim ,  Shanhui Fan ,  Gordon S. Kino ,  Jonghwa Shin ,  Michel J. F. Digonnet ,  Vinayak Dangui

IPC分类号： G02B6/032

CPC分类号： G02B6/02328 ,  G02B6/02338 ,  G02B6/02347

摘要： An optical fiber includes a cladding with a material having a first refractive index and a pattern of regions formed therein. Each of the regions has a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index. The optical fiber further includes a core region and a core ring having an inner perimeter, an outer perimeter, and a thickness between the inner perimeter and the outer perimeter. The thickness is sized to reduce the number of ring surface modes supported by the core ring.

摘要翻译： 光纤包括具有第一折射率的材料和其中形成的区域的图案的包层。 每个区域具有低于第一折射率的第二折射率。 光纤还包括芯区域和芯环，其具有内周边，外周边和内周边与外周边之间的厚度。 厚度的大小可以减小由芯环支撑的环表面模式的数量。