公开(公告)号：US06864978B1

公开(公告)日：2005-03-08

申请号：US09664973

申请日：2000-09-18

申请人： Kevin H. Hazen ,  Thomas B. Blank ,  Stephen Monfre ,  Timothy L. Ruchti

发明人： Kevin H. Hazen ,  Thomas B. Blank ,  Stephen Monfre ,  Timothy L. Ruchti

IPC分类号： G01N21/35 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/107 ,  A61B5/145 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/49 ,  G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/359 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/1075 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  A61B5/7264 ,  A61B2560/0223 ,  A61B2560/0233 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01N21/4785 ,  G01N21/49

摘要： Spectrometer instruments are characterized by classifying their spectra into previously defined clusters. The spectra are mapped to the clusters and a classification is made based on similarity of extracted spectral features to one of the previously defined clusters. Calibration models for each cluster are provided to compensate for instrumental variation. Calibration models are provided either by transferring a master calibration to slave calibrations or by calculating a separate calibration for each cluster.A simplified method of calibration transfer maps clusters to each other, so that a calibration transferred between clusters models only the difference between the two clusters, substantially reducing the complexity of the model.

摘要翻译： 光谱仪器的特点是将其光谱分类为先前定义的簇。 光谱被映射到簇，并且基于提取的光谱特征与先前定义的簇之一的相似性进行分类。 提供每个集群的校准模型以补偿工具变化。 校准模型通过将主校准传送到从站校准或通过为每个群集计算单独的校准来提供校准模型。简化的校准传输方法将群集彼此映射，使得群集之间传递的校准仅模拟两个群集之间的差异 ，大大降低了模型的复杂性。

公开(公告)号：US20040176922A1

公开(公告)日：2004-09-09

申请号：US10805290

申请日：2004-03-22

发明人： James Samsoondar

IPC分类号： G06F019/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/4785 ,  G01N21/274

摘要： Described is a method for calibrating a spectrophometric apparatus. This method involves obtaining a first set of absorbance measurements of a set of calibrators on a First Apparatus that is in control at wavelengths from a first wavelength calibration table. A second wavelength calibration table on a second apparatus is established, wherein the first and the second wavelength calibration tables may be the same or different. A second set of absorbance measurements of the set of calibrators is obtained on the Second Apparatus, at wavelengths from the second wavelength calibration table. First and second interpolated absorbances are determined, for the first and the second absorbance measurement, respectively, for at least one wavelength of a Standard Set of Wavelengths. Using the first and the second interpolated absorbances, a linear regression equation for each wavelength of said Standard Set of Wavelengths is determined. The linear regression equation and at least one Primary Calibration Algorithm are incorporated onto the Second Apparatus, to produce a calibrated apparatus. The present invention is also directed to a medium storing instructions adapted to be executed by a processor to determine analyte concentration within a sample. Furthermore, the present invention provides an apparatus for determining analyte concentration of a sample, and a system for determining presence of an analyte in a sample.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于校准分光装置的方法。 该方法包括在第一设备上获得一组校准器的第一组吸光度测量值，该第一设备在来自第一波长校准表的波长处被控制。 建立在第二装置上的第二波长校准表，其中第一和第二波长校准表可以相同或不同。 在第二装置上，在来自第二波长校准表的波长处获得该组校准器的第二组吸光度测量。 对于第一和第二吸光度测量，分别对于标准波长组的至少一个波长确定第一和第二内插吸光度。 使用第一和第二内插吸光度，确定所述标准波长组的每个波长的线性回归方程。 将线性回归方程和至少一个主校准算法合并到第二装置上，以产生校准装置。 本发明还涉及一种存储适于由处理器执行以确定样品中的分析物浓度的指令的介质。 此外，本发明提供了一种用于确定样品的分析物浓度的装置，以及用于确定样品中分析物的存在的系统。

公开(公告)号：US20030158685A1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-21

申请号：US09875143

申请日：2001-06-07

发明人： James Samsoondar

IPC分类号： G01D018/00 ,  G01C019/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/4785 ,  G01N21/274

摘要： Described is a method for calibrating a spectrophometric apparatus. This method involves obtaining a first set of absorbance measurements of a set of calibrators on a First Apparatus that is in control at wavelengths from a first wavelength calibration table. A second wavelength calibration table on a second apparatus is established, wherein the first and the second wavelength calibration tables may be the same or different. A second set of absorbance measurements of the set of calibrators is obtained on the Second Apparatus, at wavelengths from the second wavelength calibration table. First and second interpolated absorbances are determined, for the first and the second absorbance measurement, respectively, for at least one wavelength of a Standard Set of Wavelengths. Using the first and the second interpolated absorbances, a linear regression equation for each wavelength of said Standard Set of Wavelengths is determined. The linear regression equation and at least one Primary Calibration Algorithm are incorporated onto the Second Apparatus, to produce a calibrated apparatus. The present invention is also directed to a medium storing instructions adapted to be executed by a processor to determine analyte concentration within a sample. Furthermore, the present invention provides an apparatus for determining analyte concentration of a sample, and a system for determining presence of an analyte in a sample.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于校准分光装置的方法。 该方法包括在第一设备上获得一组校准器的第一组吸光度测量值，该第一设备在来自第一波长校准表的波长处被控制。 建立在第二装置上的第二波长校准表，其中第一和第二波长校准表可以相同或不同。 在第二装置上，在来自第二波长校准表的波长处获得该组校准器的第二组吸光度测量。 对于第一和第二吸光度测量，分别对于标准波长组的至少一个波长确定第一和第二内插吸光度。 使用第一和第二内插吸光度，确定所述标准波长组的每个波长的线性回归方程。 将线性回归方程和至少一个主校准算法合并到第二装置上，以产生校准装置。 本发明还涉及一种存储适于由处理器执行以确定样品中的分析物浓度的指令的介质。 此外，本发明提供了一种用于确定样品的分析物浓度的装置，以及用于确定样品中分析物的存在的系统。

公开(公告)号：US20030113924A1

公开(公告)日：2003-06-19

申请号：US10241344

申请日：2002-09-11

发明人： Kevin H. Hazen ,  James Matthew Welch ,  Stephen F. Malin ,  Timothy L. Ruchti ,  Alexander D. Lorenz ,  Tamara` L. Troy ,  Suresh Thennadil ,  Thomas B. Blank

IPC分类号： G01N021/62

CPC分类号： G01N21/274 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/1075 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  A61B5/7264 ,  A61B2560/0223 ,  A61B2560/0233 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/4785 ,  G01N21/49 ,  Y10T436/10

摘要： The invention provides a class of samples that model the human body. This family of samples is based upon emulsions of oil in water with lecithin acting as the emulsifier. These solutions that have varying particle sizes may be spiked with basis set components (albumin, urea and glucose) to simulate skin tissues further. The family of samples is such that other organic compounds such as collagen, elastin, globulin and bilirubin may be added, as can salts such as Nanull, Knull and Clnull. Layers of varying thickness with known index of refraction and particle size distributions may be generated using simple crosslinking reagents, such as collagen (gelatin). The resulting samples are flexible in each analyte's concentration and match the skin layers of the body in terms of the samples reduced scattering and absorption coefficients, nullnulls and nulla. This family of samples is provided for use in the medical field where lasers and spectroscopy based analyzers are used in treatment of the body. In particular, knowledge may be gained on net analyte signal, photon depth of penetration, photon radial diffusion, photon interaction between tissue layers, photon density (all as a function of frequency) and on instrument parameter specifications such as resolution and required dynamic range (A/D bits required). In particular, applications to delineate said parameters have been developed for the application of noninvasive glucose determination in the near-IR region from 700 to 2500 nm with an emphasis on the region 1000 to 2500 nm (10,000 to 4,000 cmnull1).

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一类对人体进行建模的样品。 该样品系基于水中的油与卵磷脂作为乳化剂的乳液。 具有不同粒径的这些溶液可以加入基础组分（白蛋白，尿素和葡萄糖）以进一步模拟皮肤组织。 样品家族可以加入诸如胶原，弹性蛋白，球蛋白和胆红素的其它有机化合物，也可以加入诸如Na +，K +和Cl-的盐。 可以使用简单的交联试剂如胶原（明胶）产生具有已知折射率和粒度分布的不同厚度的层。 所得样品在每种分析物的浓度上是柔性的，并且根据样品减少的散射和吸收系数mu和μa来匹配身体的皮肤层。 该样品系列用于医疗领域，其中使用激光和基于光谱的分析仪来治疗身体。 特别地，可以获得关于净分析物信号，光子穿透深度，光子径向扩散，组织层之间的光子相互作用，光子密度（全部作为频率的函数）以及仪器参数规格（例如分辨率和所需动态范围） 需要A / D位）。 特别地，已经开发了描述所述参数的应用，用于在700至2500nm的近红外区域中应用无创葡萄糖测定，重点在1000至2500nm（10,000至4000cm -1）的区域。

公开(公告)号：US06512936B1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-28

申请号：US09665201

申请日：2000-09-18

申请人： Stephen L. Monfre ,  Thomas B. Blank ,  Timothy L. Ruchti ,  Suresh Thennadil

发明人： Stephen L. Monfre ,  Thomas B. Blank ,  Timothy L. Ruchti ,  Suresh Thennadil

IPC分类号： A61B500

CPC分类号： G06K9/6217 ,  A61B5/1075 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  A61B5/7264 ,  A61B2560/0223 ,  A61B2560/0233 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/4785 ,  G01N21/49 ,  Y10S128/92

摘要： A method of multi-tier classification and calibration in noninvasive blood analyte prediction minimizes prediction error by limiting co-varying spectral interferents. Tissue samples are categorized based on subject demographic and instrumental skin measurements, including in vivo near-IR spectral measurements. A multi-tier intelligent pattern classification sequence organizes spectral data into clusters having a high degree of internal consistency in tissue properties. In each tier, categories are successively refined using subject demographics, spectral measurement information and other device measurements suitable for developing tissue classifications. The multi-tier classification approach to calibration utilizes multivariate statistical arguments and multi-tiered classification using spectral features. Variables used in the multi-tiered classification can be skin surface hydration, skin surface temperature, tissue volume hydration, and an assessment of relative optical thickness of the dermis by the near-IR fat band. All tissue parameters are evaluated using the NIR spectrum signal along key wavelength segments.

摘要翻译： 非侵入性血液分析物预测中的多层分类和校准方法通过限制共同变化的光谱干扰来最小化预测误差。 组织样品根据受试者的人口统计学和仪器皮肤测量进行分类，包括体内近红外光谱测量。 多层智能图案分类序列将光谱数据组织成具有组织性质内部高度一致性的簇。 在每个层次中，使用主题人口统计学，光谱测量信息和适合于开发组织分类的其它装置测量法来连续地改进类别。 校准的多层分类方法利用多变量统计学参数和使用光谱特征的多层次分类。 用于多层分类的变量可以是皮肤表面水合，皮肤表面温度，组织体积水合，以及近红外脂肪带对真皮的相对光学厚度的评估。 使用沿关键波长段的NIR光谱信号评估所有组织参数。

公开(公告)号：US20030009089A1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-09

申请号：US10237457

申请日：2002-09-05

发明人： Jessica Rennert ,  Glenn Aaron Kees ,  Timothy L. Ruchti

IPC分类号： A61B005/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/274 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/1075 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  A61B5/7264 ,  A61B2560/0223 ,  A61B2560/0233 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/4785 ,  G01N21/49

摘要： A novel approach to measuring the overall and layer-by-layer thickness of in vivo skin tissue based on near infrared absorbance spectra is described. The different biological and chemical compounds present in the various layers of a tissue sample have differing absorbance spectra and scattering properties that enable them to be discerned and quantified, thus allowing an estimate of the thickness of the tissue being sampled. The method of the invention also yields the chemical composition of the absorbing and/or scattering species of each layer. Additionally, a method of path length normalization for the purpose of noninvasive analyte prediction on the basis of skin thickness and layer constituents is provided.

公开(公告)号：US06498648B1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-24

申请号：US09668076

申请日：2000-09-22

申请人： Peter Schwarz

发明人： Peter Schwarz

IPC分类号： G01N2155

CPC分类号： G01N21/4785 ,  G01B11/303 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01N21/276 ,  G01N21/57

摘要： Procedure for taking a reference measurement employing an optical device which comprises the following: an illuminating means having a source of radiation, its light being directed at a predetermined angle to a surface to be measured; a first optical measuring means which is aligned at a predetermined angle to said measurement surface and which receives a portion of the light reflected from said measurement surface and which comprises a photo sensor which emits a measurement signal characteristic of said reflected light; a second optical measuring means which is aligned at a predetermined angle to said measurement surface and which receives a portion of the light reflected from said measurement surface and which comprises a photo sensor which emits an electrical measurement signal characteristic of said reflected light; a control and evaluation means having a processor and memory means for controlling the measurement sequence and evaluating the measurement results which are then output via an output means. The procedure comprises the following steps: a reference surface is aligned with respect to the optical device and a measurement is taken by the first optical measuring means. A deviation parameter is determined from this measured value and a first stored calibration parameter. A measurement is then taken by the second optical measuring means and a second deviation parameter is derived from this measured value and a second stored calibration parameter. A variance parameter is derived from the first deviation parameter and the second deviation parameter, which is characteristic of the difference between the measured values of the first and the second optical measuring means. The measured value of the first measuring means is stored as the first reference parameter and the measured value of the second measuring means is stored as the second reference parameter or a warning signal is emitted when the variance parameter either exceeds or falls short of a predetermined range.

公开(公告)号：US06442408B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-27

申请号：US09669781

申请日：2000-09-25

申请人： Brian J. Wenzel ,  Stephen L. Monfre ,  Timothy L. Ruchti ,  Ken Meissner ,  Frank Grochocki ,  Thomas Blank ,  Jessica Rennert

发明人： Brian J. Wenzel ,  Stephen L. Monfre ,  Timothy L. Ruchti ,  Ken Meissner ,  Frank Grochocki ,  Thomas Blank ,  Jessica Rennert

IPC分类号： A61B500

CPC分类号： A61B5/441 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/1075 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  A61B5/7264 ,  A61B2560/0223 ,  A61B2560/0233 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/4785 ,  G01N21/49

摘要： An apparatus and method for non-invasively quantifying the hydration of the stratum corneum of a living subject utilizes in vivo spectral measurements made by irradiating skin tissue with near infrared (NIR) light. The apparatus includes a spectroscopic instrument in conjunction with a subject interface. The resulting NIR absorption spectra are passed to an analyzer for further processing, which includes detecting and eliminating invalid spectral measurements, and preprocessing to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, a calibration model developed from an exemplary set of measurements is applied to predict the SC hydration for the sample. The method of SC hydration measurement provides additional information about primary sources of systematic tissue variability, namely, the water content of the epidermal layer of skin and the penetration depth of the incident light. The stratum corneum hydration measurement is therefore suitable for further spectral analysis and the quantification of biological and chemical compounds, such as blood analytes.

公开(公告)号：US6075613A

公开(公告)日：2000-06-13

申请号：US258872

申请日：1999-02-26

申请人： Mack Schermer ,  Hans Bengtsson ,  Markus Weber

发明人： Mack Schermer ,  Hans Bengtsson ,  Markus Weber

IPC分类号： G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/55

CPC分类号： G01N21/6456 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01N21/4785

摘要： An optical scanning system includes a power meter that during calibration operations is illuminated by an attenuated excitation beam. The power meter measures optical power in the attenuated excitation beam at various index settings of a variable optical attenuator, and the system constructs a lookup table that relates incident excitation beam power to the index settings of the attenuator. The system then uses the table to select the appropriate setting for the attenuator in order to deliver to the sample an excitation beam of a specified optical power. The system calibrates the gain of a detector by redirecting, or reflecting, the excitation beam of known intensity to the detector. A photometric device in the detector produces a signal that is proportional to the intensity of the beam at various gain settings. The system then produces a lookup table that relates the gain settings to the actual gain of the detector, that is, to the ratio of the known incident power to the detector readings. The system thereafter uses the table to select the appropriate gain setting for data collection and/or to normalize the data. A beam splitter included in the system preferably discriminates between the light is passes and the light it redirects based on the spatial properties of the light. During calibration operations the excitation beam is reflected to the detector as wide diameter beams, which are passed through the beam splitter. During sample measurement operations the excitation beam is reflected by the sample as a narrow-diameter beam, which the beam splitter directs away from the detector.

摘要翻译： 光学扫描系统包括在校准操作期间被衰减的激发光束照射的功率计。 功率计在可变光衰减器的各种指标设置下测量衰减激励光束中的光功率，并且系统构建将入射激发光束功率与衰减器的指标设置相关联的查找表。 然后系统使用该表来选择衰减器的适当设置，以便将具有指定光功率的激发光束传送给样本。 该系统通过将已知强度的激发束重定向或反射到检测器来校准检测器的增益。 检测器中的测光装置产生与各种增益设置下的光束强度成比例的信号。 然后，系统产生一个查找表，其将增益设置与检测器的实际增益相关，即已知入射功率与检测器读数的比率。 此后，系统使用表格选择用于数据收集的适当增益设置和/或使数据标准化。 包括在系统中的分束器优选地基于光的空间特性来区分光是通过和其重定向的光。 在校准操作期间，激发光束被反射到检测器，作为通过分束器的宽直径光束。 在样品测量操作期间，激发光束被样品反射为窄直径光束，分束器引导远离检测器。

公开(公告)号：US5852494A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-22

申请号：US819107

申请日：1997-03-17

申请人： Victor N. Skladnev ,  Richard L. Thompson ,  Irwin Wunderman

发明人： Victor N. Skladnev ,  Richard L. Thompson ,  Irwin Wunderman

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/08 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01J1/02

CPC分类号： G01N21/4785 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  A61B2560/0233 ,  G01J1/08

摘要： An apparatus which permits an analytical probe to be calibrated by pressing the tip against a block of material of controlled characteristics. A transparent elastomer is used into which has been incorporated a light-scattering material. Elastomer calibrators may also be made part of a preassembled probe component such as a disposable sheath. In that case the turbid elastomer is assembled on the tip with the other components of the sheath and is removed after calibrating the system and before the probe put into use. An additional film of flexible polymer having optical characteristics analogous to the material to be detected by the probe may be placed on top to simulate the structure of the material that is to be measured.

摘要翻译： 允许通过将尖端压靠受控特征材料块来校准分析探针的装置。 使用透明弹性体，其中掺入光散射材料。 弹性体校准器也可以制成预组装的探针组件的一部分，例如一次性护套。 在这种情况下，浑浊的弹性体与护套的其他部件组装在尖端上，并且在校准系统之后并且在探头投入使用之前被去除。 具有类似于由探针检测的材料的光学特性的柔性聚合物的另外的膜可以放置在顶部以模拟要被测量的材料的结构。