公开(公告)号：US4804849A

公开(公告)日：1989-02-14

申请号：US3755

申请日：1987-01-16

Applicant: Charles R. Booth ,  Dale A. Kiefer

Inventor： Charles R. Booth ,  Dale A. Kiefer

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01N21/63 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N33/18 ,  G01N21/62

CPC classification number: G01N21/6486 ,  G01N21/8507 ,  G01N33/1866 ,  G01J1/0488 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01J1/4228 ,  G01N2021/1782 ,  G01N2021/635 ,  G01N2201/0212 ,  G01N2201/0218 ,  G01N2201/0616

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for optically measuring scalar irradiance or incident flux of radiant energy and for optically measuring naturally occurring chlorophyll fluorescence or upwelling radiance in a parcel of water in a natural setting. From a comparison of the two measurements, rate of primary photosynthetic production is calculated by appropriately programmed computer means. Readout means are provided to indicate the rate of primary production. Further, concentrations of chlorophyll that generate the primary production are also determined by means of the apparatus of this invention. The method of this invention, employing measurement instruments of the type disclosed, enables the determination of concentrations of chlorophyll and primary production in parcels of water.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于光学测量辐射能量的标量辐照度或入射通量的装置，并用于在自然环境中光学测量一包水中的天然存在的叶绿素荧光或上升流辐射。 从两个测量的比较，初步光合生产率通过适当编程的计算机方法计算。 提供阅读手段来指示初级生产率。 此外，通过本发明的装置也可以确定产生初次生产的叶绿素的浓度。 使用所公开的类型的测量仪器的本发明的方法能够测定水中的叶绿素浓度和一次生产。

公开(公告)号：US4708475A

公开(公告)日：1987-11-24

申请号：US739713

申请日：1985-05-31

Applicant: Robert D. Watson

Inventor： Robert D. Watson

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G01N21/64

CPC classification number: G01N21/645 ,  G01J2003/1239 ,  G01N2021/6421 ,  G01N2021/6426 ,  G01N2201/0221 ,  G01N2201/0616

Abstract: Apparatus is provided to sense and measure solarinduced luminescence, as well as reflectance, within the field of view of a target window for receiving a composite ray of light from the target. A first filter within the path of the composite ray of light transmits a first narrowband component thereof, including a predetermined Fraunhofer Line frequency, to a first sensor. A second narrowband component thereof, proximate the Fraunhofer Line frequency, is directed to a second sensor such that ratios of the electromagnetic energy impinging, respectively, on the first and second sensors may be determined. A removable filter tray assembly carrying the narrowband filters and fine tuning means are employed to facilitate the selection of the predetermined Fraunhofer Line frequency.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于在目标窗口的视野范围内感测和测量太阳能发光以及反射率的装置，用于接收来自目标的复合光线。 在复合光线的路径内的第一滤光器将包括预定的弗劳恩霍夫线频率的第一窄带分量传输到第一传感器。 靠近弗劳恩霍夫线频率的第二窄带分量被引导到第二传感器，使得可以确定分别照射在第一和第二传感器上的电磁能的比率。 采用携带窄带滤波器和微调装置的可移除滤光盘组件来促进对预定的弗劳恩霍夫线频率的选择。

公开(公告)号：US4671662A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-09

申请号：US746050

申请日：1985-06-18

Applicant: Joseph E. Zupanick ,  Carl D. McBride

Inventor： Joseph E. Zupanick ,  Carl D. McBride

IPC: G01N21/64 ,  G02B27/10

CPC classification number: G02B27/108 ,  G01N21/645 ,  G02B27/143 ,  G01N2021/6426 ,  G01N2021/6463 ,  G01N2201/0616

Abstract: The present invention provides a radiometer for simultaneously detecting luminescence and reflectance about a particular Fraunhofer line from a material (i.e. target) which includes an interchangeable optical filter assembly of lightweight construction for each Fraunhofer line of interest which substantially alleviates the adverse polarization effects normally experienced in radiometers of this type and which further provides an improved balance between the two light beams being sensed by the radiometer. The optical filter assembly includes a single beamsplitter which reflects the majority of the light from the target with little adverse polarization effects to a narrow band filter which passes only the light existing at the particular Fraunhofer line (i.e. "c" component of luminescence). The remaining smaller fraction of the light passes through the beamsplitter with only slightly greater polarization to a broad band filter which, in turn, passes only the light in the continuums adjacent the Fraunhofer line (i.e. "d" component of luminescence). The intensity of the light from the narrow and broad band filters are measured for use in calculating the luminescence and reflectance emanating from the target.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种辐射计，用于从材料（即目标）同时检测关于特定弗劳恩霍夫线的发光和反射率，该材料包括用于每个Fraunhofer感兴趣线路的轻质结构的可互换光学滤光器组件，其基本上减轻了通常在 这种类型的辐射计，并且进一步提供了由辐射计感测的两个光束之间的改善的平衡。 滤光器组件包括单个分束器，其将来自目标的大部分光从具有很小的不利极化效应的窄带滤光器反射，窄带滤光器只通过在特定的弗劳恩霍夫线（即“c”分量的发光）处存在的光。 剩余的较小分数的光通过分光器，仅具有稍微更大的偏振度到宽带滤光器，该宽带滤光器又仅穿过邻近弗劳恩霍夫线（即“d”发光分量）的连续体中的光。 测量来自窄带和宽带滤光器的光的强度用于计算从目标发出的发光和反射。

公开(公告)号：US3598994A

公开(公告)日：1971-08-10

申请号：US3598994D

申请日：1968-09-19

Applicant: PERKIN ELMER CORP

Inventor： MARKLE DAVID A

IPC: G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/22

CPC classification number: G01N21/645 ,  G01N2021/6426 ,  G01N2201/0616

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sensing fluorescent radiation emitted by a sample material using sunlight as the source of exciting radiation. A bundle of direct sunlight is encoded and split into beams each of which is combined with similar portions of a bundle of light containing solar reflected and solar-excited fluorescent energy components from the sample material. The sample bundle is encoded differently from the direct sunlight or reference bundle so that it may be distinguished subsequently. The two beams (each of which contain reference and sample components) are passed through two spectral filters and detected photoelectrically. One of the spectral filters is centered on a Fraunhofer absorption line. The other filter is centered a few Angstroms away in the solar continuum. The four signals corresponding to the intensity of the sample and reference beam components passing through each of the two spectral filters are separated electronically and combined in an analogue computer to yield a signal proportional to the fluorescivity of the sample material.

公开(公告)号：US2620445A

公开(公告)日：1952-12-02

申请号：US21898951

申请日：1951-04-03

Applicant: INTERCHEM CORP

Inventor： TYLER JOHN E

IPC: G01N21/64

CPC classification number: G01N21/64 ,  G01N2201/0616

公开(公告)号：US11762125B2

公开(公告)日：2023-09-19

申请号：US17693158

申请日：2022-03-11

Applicant: CLIMATE LLC

Inventor： Lijuan Xu ,  Ying Xu

IPC: G01V99/00 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G06Q10/04 ,  G06F30/27 ,  A01B76/00 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01W1/10 ,  G01N33/24 ,  G01N21/17 ,  A01B79/00 ,  G06F111/06

CPC classification number: G01V99/005 ,  A01B76/00 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N33/0098 ,  G01N33/24 ,  G01W1/10 ,  G06F30/27 ,  G06Q10/04 ,  A01B79/005 ,  G01N2021/1793 ,  G01N2021/3155 ,  G01N2201/0616 ,  G01N2201/129 ,  G06F2111/06

Abstract: A method for determining national crop yields during the growing season is provided. In an embodiment, a server computer system receives agricultural data records for a particular year that represent covariate data values related to plants at a specific geo-location at a specific time. The system aggregates the records to create geo-specific time series for a geo-location over a specified time. The system creates aggregated time series from a subset of the geo-specific time series. The system selects a representative feature from the aggregated time series and creates a covariate matrix for each specific geographic area in computer memory. The system determines a specific crop yield for a specific year using linear regression to calculate the specific crop yield from the covariate matrix. The system determines a forecasted crop yield for the specific year using a sum of the specific crop yields for the specific year, as adjusted.

公开(公告)号：US20190079004A1

公开(公告)日：2019-03-14

申请号：US16126512

申请日：2018-09-10

Applicant: Arizona Board of Regents on Behalf of the University of Arizona

Inventor： Rachel Nicole Ulanch ,  Richard John Koshel

IPC: G01N21/27 ,  G01J3/51 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/28

CPC classification number: G01N21/274 ,  G01J3/0264 ,  G01J3/0272 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G01J3/2823 ,  G01J3/502 ,  G01J3/51 ,  G01J3/524 ,  G01J2003/2806 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N21/251 ,  G01N2021/3181 ,  G01N2201/0616

Abstract: Systems and methods spectrally and radiometrically calibrate an optical spectrum detected with a color-image sensor of an optical spectrometer. When the color-image sensor includes a Bayer filter, the red-peaked, green-peaked, and blue-peaked spectral responses of the color filters forming the Bayer filter may be used to identify unique spectral signatures in the red, green, and blue color channels. These spectral signatures may be used to associate calibration wavelengths to the pixel locations of the color-image sensor where the spectral signatures are observed. A fitted model may then be used to associate a wavelength to each pixel location of the color-image sensor. These systems and methods account for translational shifts of the optical spectrum on the color-image sensor induced by optical image stabilization, and thus may aid optical spectrometry utilizing a digital camera in a smartphone or tablet computer.

公开(公告)号：US09791269B2

公开(公告)日：2017-10-17

申请号：US14472939

申请日：2014-08-29

Applicant: Jutta Krebber ,  Kattkus Klaus

Inventor： Jutta Krebber ,  Kattkus Klaus

IPC: G01B11/30 ,  G01N21/88

CPC classification number: G01B11/306 ,  G01N21/8803 ,  G01N2201/0616 ,  G01N2201/068

Abstract: The present invention comprises a surface to maximize the viewing of an impression in a vehicle body. This may comprise a fabric which has at least one dark colored stripe parallel to at least one light colored stripe; a compressible frame across which the said fabric is affixed, where when the frame is uncompressed the fabric is stretched taut across the frame and where the frame is compressed the fabric is slack across the frame; and a handle on the frame where a user can hold the frame and not interfere with the fabric affixed to said frame. When a user is holding the handle of the frame at an angle between 0° and 180°, the user can reflect radiant energy through said fabric onto the vehicle body and create a whorl reflection pattern on the impression to maximize viewing of said impression by the user.

公开(公告)号：US20170270651A1

公开(公告)日：2017-09-21

申请号：US15073819

申请日：2016-03-18

Applicant: Siemens Energy, Inc.

Inventor： Kevin P. Bailey ,  Ziyan Wu ,  Jan Ernst ,  Terrence Chen ,  Birgi Tamersoy

IPC: G06T7/00 ,  G01N21/88 ,  H04N5/225

CPC classification number: G06T7/001 ,  G01N21/8806 ,  G01N2021/8867 ,  G01N2201/0616 ,  G01N2201/062 ,  G06T2207/10152 ,  H04N5/2256

Abstract: A method for inspecting an object to assist in determining whether the object has a surface defect. The method includes moving the object in a first direction and illuminating the object under ambient lighting conditions. The method also includes capturing at least one image of the object under the ambient lighting conditions while the object moves in the first direction. In addition, the object is illuminated under object lighting conditions and at least one image of the object under the object lighting conditions is captured while the object moves in the first direction to provide at least one object image. Further, the method includes selecting at least one object image having at least one indication of a possible defect to provide images having defect candidates and comparing the defect candidates with previously defined characteristics associated with the defect to facilitate determination of whether a defect exists.

公开(公告)号：US20160061744A1

公开(公告)日：2016-03-03

申请号：US14472939

申请日：2014-08-29

Applicant: Jutta Krebber ,  Kattkus Klaus

Inventor： Jutta Krebber ,  Kattkus Klaus

IPC: G01N21/88 ,  G01B11/30

CPC classification number: G01B11/306 ,  G01N21/8803 ,  G01N2201/0616 ,  G01N2201/068

Abstract: The present invention comprises a surface to maximize the viewing of an impression in a vehicle body. This may comprise a fabric which has at least one dark colored stripe parallel to at least one light colored stripe; a compressible frame across which the said fabric is affixed, where when the frame is uncompressed the fabric is stretched taut across the frame and where the frame is compressed the fabric is slack across the frame; and a handle on the frame where a user can hold the frame and not interfere with the fabric affixed to said frame. When a user is holding the handle of the frame at an angle between 0° and 180°, the user can reflect radiant energy through said fabric onto the vehicle body and create a whorl reflection pattern on the impression to maximize viewing of said impression by the user.

Abstract translation: 本发明包括使车身中的印象观看最大化的表面。 这可以包括具有平行于至少一个浅色条纹的至少一​​个深色条纹的织物; 一个可压缩的框架，所述织物固定在该可压缩框架上，其中当框架未被压缩时，织物被拉伸跨过框架并且框架被压缩，织物在框架之间松弛; 以及框架上的用户可以握住框架并且不干扰固定到所述框架上的织物的手柄。 当用户以0°和180°之间的角度握住框架的手柄时，用户可以将辐射能量通过所述织物反射到车身上，并在印模上产生螺旋反射图案，以最大程度地观察所述印象 用户。