Process for the palladium-catalyzed amidation of vinyl chloride
    41.
    发明授权
    Process for the palladium-catalyzed amidation of vinyl chloride 失效
    钯催化酰氯化氯乙烯的方法

    公开(公告)号:US5159113A

    公开(公告)日:1992-10-27

    申请号:US161710

    申请日:1988-02-29

    申请人: Peter P. Nicholas

    发明人: Peter P. Nicholas

    IPC分类号: C07C233/02 C07C233/09

    CPC分类号: C07C233/02 C07C233/09

    摘要: A unique two-step process is disclosed for the surprisingly high rate of amidation of vinyl chloride (VCl) with carbon monoxide and certain amines catalyzed by an effective amount of monodentate tertiary phosphonium complexes of Pd(0). The rate is orders of magnitude faster than that of other monochloroalkenes. When compared with the three chloropropenes, the simplest alkyl-substituted derivatives of VCl, rates differ by a factor of about 40 to 70 with ammonia as the amine. The reaction product with VCl is mainly the Michael adduct of the amine with the acrylamide produced. However, the chloroprenes give the propenamides with retention of configuration in the case of cis- and trans-1-chloropropene, and no adduct formation. The formation of this adduct has an important influence on catalyst stability since it can compete with the addition of the tertiary-phosphonium ligand from the catalyst complex. The latter reaction produces small amounts of a phosphonium chloride, and the resulting loss of ligand causes palladium metal to separate, thereby deactivating the catalyst. This understanding enables one to choose the best ligand/amine combination to suppress this catalyst deactivation mechanism. Triphenylphosphine and dimethylamine is a particularly effective combination.

    摘要翻译: 公开了一种独特的两步法,其中氯乙烯(VCl)与一氧化碳和某些胺通过有效量的Pd(0)的单齿叔膦络合物催化的氨基甲酰胺化率非常高。 这个速率比其他单氯烯烃的速度快几个数量级。 当与三氯丙烯相比较时,最简单的VCl烷基取代衍生物的速率与氨作为胺相差约40-70。 与VCl的反应产物主要是胺与所生产的丙烯酰胺的迈克尔加成物。 然而,在顺式和反式-1-氯丙烯的情况下,氯丙烯给予保留配置的丙烯酰胺,并且不形成加合物。 这种加合物的形成对催化剂稳定性具有重要影响,因为它可以与从催化剂络合物中加入叔鏻配体竞争。 后一反应产生少量的氯化鏻,并且由此导致的配体损失引起钯金属分离,从而使催化剂失活。 这种理解使得人们能够选择最佳的配体/胺组合来抑制该催化剂失活机理。 三苯基膦和二甲胺是特别有效的组合。

    Pesticidal amides
    43.
    发明授权
    Pesticidal amides 失效
    杀虫剂

    公开(公告)号:US5124348A

    公开(公告)日:1992-06-23

    申请号:US701834

    申请日:1991-05-17

    CPC分类号: C07F9/2487

    摘要: A compound of Formula (I):R.sup.1 (CA.dbd.CA.sup.1).sub.x --C(.dbd.X)NR.sup.2 R.sup.3 (I)where R.sup.1 is alkyl optionally substituted by a group selected from alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy and cycloalkyl fused to an aryl ring; x=1 or 2; X=O or S; each A and A.sup.1 is independently hydrogen, alkyl or haloalkyl; R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl any of which may be substituted by halo, alkenyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, dioxalanylalkyl or alkoxy; and R.sup.3 is selected from groups (A) to (D):(A) --Y.dbd.X.sup.1 --(R.sup.4).sub.a where X.sup.1 is O or S, Y is phosphorus or carbon, R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, acyl or CO.sub.2 R.sup.5 where R.sup.5 is alkyl or aryl, and a is 1 or 2(B) --S(R.sup.6)(O).sub.b where R.sup.6 is alkyl, aryl, aryloxy, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, thioaryl, alkythio, alkoxythio or arylthio and b is 0, 1 or 2(C) --S(O).sub.c NR.sup.7 R.sup.8 where c is 0, 1 or 2, R.sup.7 is --COR.sup.9 or --CO.sub.2 R.sup.9 where R.sup.9 is hydrogen, alkyl or a fluorine atom, a group (A) or (B) as defined above, or alkyl substituted by acyl, carboalkoxy or cyano, and R.sup.8 is alkyl(D) R.sup.1 --(CA.dbd.CA.sup.1).sub.n --C(.dbd.X)N(R.sup.2)-- wherein the substituents are independently selected as in Formula (I) above.

    摘要翻译: 式(I)的化合物:R1(CA = CA1)xC(= X)NR2R3(I)其中R1是任选被选自烷氧基,烯基,炔基,烯氧基,炔氧基,芳基,芳氧基,芳基烷氧基和芳基烷氧基的基团取代的烷基 稠合到芳环的环烷基; x = 1或2; X = O或S; 每个A和A1独立地是氢,烷基或卤代烷基; R2是烷基,烯基或环烷基,其中任何一个可以被卤素,烯基,烷基,环烷基,炔基,二氧戊环基烷基或烷氧基取代; (A)-Y = X1-(R4)其中X1是O或S,Y是磷或碳,R4是氢,烷基,烷氧基,酰基或CO2R5,其中 R5是烷基或芳基,和a是1或2(B)-S(R6)(O)b,其中R6是烷基,芳基,芳氧基,烷氧基,硫代烷氧基,硫代芳基,链烯基,烷硫基或芳硫基,b是0,1 或2(C)-S(O)cNR 7 R 8,其中c为0,1或2,R 7为-COR 9或-CO 2 R 9,其中R 9为氢,烷基或氟原子,所定义的基团(A)或(B) 或者被酰基,烷氧基或氰基取代的烷基,R8是烷基(D)R1-(CA = CA1)nC(= X)N(R2) - ,其中取代基如上述式(I)中独立地选择。

    Process for hydrolyzing nitriles
    46.
    发明授权
    Process for hydrolyzing nitriles 失效
    水解腈的方法

    公开(公告)号:US4820872A

    公开(公告)日:1989-04-11

    申请号:US852250

    申请日:1986-03-06

    IPC分类号: C07C233/09 C07C102/08

    CPC分类号: C07C233/09

    摘要: When making an unsaturated amide by hydrolysis of an unsaturated nitrile in the presence of a catalyst such as Raney copper and an oxidizing agent such as copper nitrate, by-product formation is reduced by including a reagent selected from reducing agents and acids that are substantially non-oxidizing relative to the said oxidizing agent. The preferred reagents are acidic buffers, especially acetic acid and copper acetate. Washing with such a buffer a Raney catalyst or other catalyst that is to be used for catalyzing the hydrolysis of an unsaturated nitrile to an unsaturated amide reduces the temperature surge that otherwise occurs upon addition of the catalyst to the reaction mixture.

    摘要翻译: PCT No.PCT / GB85 / 00320 Sec。 371日期:1986年3月6日 102(e)日期1986年3月6日PCT提交1985年7月16日PCT公布。 公开号WO86 / 00614 日本1986年1月30日。当在诸如阮内铜和氧化剂如硝酸铜的催化剂存在下,通过不饱和腈的水解制备不饱和酰胺时,副产物形成通过包括选自还原 相对于所述氧化剂基本上不氧化的试剂和酸。 优选的试剂是酸性缓冲液,特别是乙酸和乙酸铜。 用这种缓冲液洗涤用于催化将不饱和腈水解成不饱和酰胺的阮内催化剂或其它催化剂减少了当向反应混合物中加入催化剂时发生的温度升高。

    Catalytic preparation of carbonamides
    50.
    发明授权
    Catalytic preparation of carbonamides 失效
    催化制备碳酰胺

    公开(公告)号:US4655972A

    公开(公告)日:1987-04-07

    申请号:US627616

    申请日:1984-07-03

    IPC分类号: C07C233/09 C07C103/133

    CPC分类号: C07C233/09

    摘要: Carbonamides are prepared from carboxylic acids and ammonia in the presence of a catalytic amount of a hydrated oxide.Preferably a hydrated titanium-, zirconium- or tin oxide in an amount between 0.05 to 10% by weight is used. The hydrated oxide contains at least 4% of water.

    摘要翻译: 在催化量的水合氧化物的存在下,由羧酸和氨制备碳酰胺。 优选使用0.05至10重量%的水合钛,锆或氧化锡。 水合氧化物含有至少4%的水。