摘要:
A unique two-step process is disclosed for the surprisingly high rate of amidation of vinyl chloride (VCl) with carbon monoxide and certain amines catalyzed by an effective amount of monodentate tertiary phosphonium complexes of Pd(0). The rate is orders of magnitude faster than that of other monochloroalkenes. When compared with the three chloropropenes, the simplest alkyl-substituted derivatives of VCl, rates differ by a factor of about 40 to 70 with ammonia as the amine. The reaction product with VCl is mainly the Michael adduct of the amine with the acrylamide produced. However, the chloroprenes give the propenamides with retention of configuration in the case of cis- and trans-1-chloropropene, and no adduct formation. The formation of this adduct has an important influence on catalyst stability since it can compete with the addition of the tertiary-phosphonium ligand from the catalyst complex. The latter reaction produces small amounts of a phosphonium chloride, and the resulting loss of ligand causes palladium metal to separate, thereby deactivating the catalyst. This understanding enables one to choose the best ligand/amine combination to suppress this catalyst deactivation mechanism. Triphenylphosphine and dimethylamine is a particularly effective combination.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of an amide, which comprises reacting an acetylenically or olefinically unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide and a nitrogen compound selected from ammonia and a primary or secondary amine or amide, in the presence of a catalyst system which comprises:a) a source of a Group VIII metal,b) a phosphine having an aromatic substituent which contains an imino nitrogen atom, andc) a protonic acid.
摘要:
A compound of Formula (I):R.sup.1 (CA.dbd.CA.sup.1).sub.x --C(.dbd.X)NR.sup.2 R.sup.3 (I)where R.sup.1 is alkyl optionally substituted by a group selected from alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy and cycloalkyl fused to an aryl ring; x=1 or 2; X=O or S; each A and A.sup.1 is independently hydrogen, alkyl or haloalkyl; R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl any of which may be substituted by halo, alkenyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, dioxalanylalkyl or alkoxy; and R.sup.3 is selected from groups (A) to (D):(A) --Y.dbd.X.sup.1 --(R.sup.4).sub.a where X.sup.1 is O or S, Y is phosphorus or carbon, R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, acyl or CO.sub.2 R.sup.5 where R.sup.5 is alkyl or aryl, and a is 1 or 2(B) --S(R.sup.6)(O).sub.b where R.sup.6 is alkyl, aryl, aryloxy, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, thioaryl, alkythio, alkoxythio or arylthio and b is 0, 1 or 2(C) --S(O).sub.c NR.sup.7 R.sup.8 where c is 0, 1 or 2, R.sup.7 is --COR.sup.9 or --CO.sub.2 R.sup.9 where R.sup.9 is hydrogen, alkyl or a fluorine atom, a group (A) or (B) as defined above, or alkyl substituted by acyl, carboalkoxy or cyano, and R.sup.8 is alkyl(D) R.sup.1 --(CA.dbd.CA.sup.1).sub.n --C(.dbd.X)N(R.sup.2)-- wherein the substituents are independently selected as in Formula (I) above.
摘要翻译:式(I)的化合物:R1(CA = CA1)xC(= X)NR2R3(I)其中R1是任选被选自烷氧基,烯基,炔基,烯氧基,炔氧基,芳基,芳氧基,芳基烷氧基和芳基烷氧基的基团取代的烷基 稠合到芳环的环烷基; x = 1或2; X = O或S; 每个A和A1独立地是氢,烷基或卤代烷基; R2是烷基,烯基或环烷基,其中任何一个可以被卤素,烯基,烷基,环烷基,炔基,二氧戊环基烷基或烷氧基取代; (A)-Y = X1-(R4)其中X1是O或S,Y是磷或碳,R4是氢,烷基,烷氧基,酰基或CO2R5,其中 R5是烷基或芳基,和a是1或2(B)-S(R6)(O)b,其中R6是烷基,芳基,芳氧基,烷氧基,硫代烷氧基,硫代芳基,链烯基,烷硫基或芳硫基,b是0,1 或2(C)-S(O)cNR 7 R 8,其中c为0,1或2,R 7为-COR 9或-CO 2 R 9,其中R 9为氢,烷基或氟原子,所定义的基团(A)或(B) 或者被酰基,烷氧基或氰基取代的烷基,R8是烷基(D)R1-(CA = CA1)nC(= X)N(R2) - ,其中取代基如上述式(I)中独立地选择。
摘要:
Polyamides are prepared from a carbonitrile and an amine by reacting by heating a mixture of a carbonitrile which is a dinitrile, an equivalent amount of a primary or secondary amine which is a diamine, and at least a stoichiometric amount of water in the presence of an effective amount of a catalyst. The catalyst is a complex containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium and molybdenum, and at least one group selected from the group consisting of hydride, phosphine, carbonyl, ammonia, and hydroxyl. The polyamine has a recurring unit represented by the general formula: ##STR1##
摘要:
A method for purifying a reaction solution obtained by using a microbial cell, an immobilized microbial cell, or an immobilized enzyme as a catalyst in a water medium is disclosed. The method comprises repeatedly filtering the reaction solution to remove fine solid matter using a polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane having a bubble point of from 1 to 20 kg/cm.sup.2, and repeatedly washing the hollow fiber membrane before it has been clogged to such an extent that a differential pressure thereof exceeds 3 kg/cm.sup.2. By this method, a filter membrane can be repeatedly regenerated at high efficiency and can stably be used for a long period of time.
摘要翻译:公开了一种在水介质中纯化通过使用微生物细胞,固定化微生物细胞或固定化酶作为催化剂获得的反应溶液的方法。 该方法包括使用泡点为1至20kg / cm2的聚乙烯多孔中空纤维膜,反复过滤反应溶液以除去细小的固体物质,并且在中空纤维膜被堵塞之前反复洗涤至如此程度, 其压差超过3kg / cm 2。 通过这种方法,可以高效率地重复地再生过滤膜,并且可以长时间稳定地使用。
摘要:
When making an unsaturated amide by hydrolysis of an unsaturated nitrile in the presence of a catalyst such as Raney copper and an oxidizing agent such as copper nitrate, by-product formation is reduced by including a reagent selected from reducing agents and acids that are substantially non-oxidizing relative to the said oxidizing agent. The preferred reagents are acidic buffers, especially acetic acid and copper acetate. Washing with such a buffer a Raney catalyst or other catalyst that is to be used for catalyzing the hydrolysis of an unsaturated nitrile to an unsaturated amide reduces the temperature surge that otherwise occurs upon addition of the catalyst to the reaction mixture.
摘要:
Certain substituted amides of saturated fatty acids are potent inhibitors of the enzyme acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase and are thus useful agents for inhibiting the intestinal absorption of cholesterol.
摘要:
Nitriles of the general formula IR.sup.1 --CN (I)where R.sup.1 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl radical, an aralkyl radical or an aryl radical, each of which is of not more than 20 carbon atoms and can be unsubstituted or further substituted, and (meth)acrylamide are prepared simultaneously by a process in which an aldoxime of the general formula IIIR.sup.1 --CH.dbd.NOH (III)where R.sup.1 has the above meanings, is heated at from 50.degree. to 180.degree. C. in the presence of a copper(II) carboxylate and of (meth)acrylonitrile.
摘要:
Use of an anilide of the formula: ##STR1## as a fungicidal agent against phytophatogenic fungi, particularly their strains resistant to benzimidazole thiophanate fungicides and/or cyclic imide fungicides.
摘要:
Carbonamides are prepared from carboxylic acids and ammonia in the presence of a catalytic amount of a hydrated oxide.Preferably a hydrated titanium-, zirconium- or tin oxide in an amount between 0.05 to 10% by weight is used. The hydrated oxide contains at least 4% of water.