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公开(公告)号：US07563711B1
公开(公告)日：2009-07-21
申请号：US11708929
申请日：2007-02-21
IPC分类号： H01L21/44
CPC分类号： H01L33/40 , B82Y20/00 , H01L21/28575 , H01L29/2003 , H01L29/417 , H01L29/452 , H01L33/32 , Y10S438/924 , Y10T428/30 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： Manufacturers encounter limitations in forming low resistance ohmic electrical contact to semiconductor material P-type Gallium Nitride (p-GaN), commonly used in photonic applications, such that the contact is highly transparent to the light emission of the device. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can address this problem due to their combined metallic and semiconducting characteristics in conjunction with the fact that a fabric of CNTs has high optical transparency. The physical structure of the contact scheme is broken down into three components, a) the GaN, b) an interface material and c) the metallic conductor. The role of the interface material is to make suitable contact to both the GaN and the metal so that the GaN, in turn, will make good electrical contact to the metallic conductor that interfaces the device to external circuitry. A method of fabricating contact to GaN using CNTs and metal while maintaining protection of the GaN surface is provided.
摘要翻译： 制造商在与通常用于光子应用的半导体材料P型氮化镓（p-GaN）形成低电阻欧姆电接触方面遇到限制，使得接触对器件的发光是高度透明的。 碳纳米管（CNT）由于其组合的金属和半导体特性以及CNT的织物具有高的光学透明度的事实，可以解决这个问题。 接触方案的物理结构分为三个部分：a）GaN，b）界面材料和c）金属导体。 界面材料的作用是使GaN和金属两者适当地接触，这样GaN又将与将器件与外部电路接口的金属导体进行良好的电接触。 提供了一种使用CNT和金属制造与GaN接触的方法，同时保持了GaN表面的保护。
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公开(公告)号：US08471238B2
公开(公告)日：2013-06-25
申请号：US11227468
申请日：2005-09-15
申请人： Jonathan W. Ward , Mitchell Meinhold , Claude L. Bertin , Benjamin Schlatka , Brent M. Segal , Thomas Ruckes
发明人： Jonathan W. Ward , Mitchell Meinhold , Claude L. Bertin , Benjamin Schlatka , Brent M. Segal , Thomas Ruckes
IPC分类号： H01L29/06
CPC分类号： H01K1/04 , B82Y10/00 , B82Y20/00 , H01L51/0048 , H01L51/0052
摘要： Light emitters using nanotubes and methods of making same. A light emitter includes a nanotube article in electrical communication with a first and a second contact, a substrate having a predefined region with a relatively low thermal conductivity said region in predefined physical relation to said nanotube article; and a stimulus circuit in electrical communication with the first and second contacts. The stimulus circuit provides electrical stimulation sufficient to induce light emission from the nanotube article in the proximity of the predefined region. The predefined region is a channel formed in the substrate or a region of material with relatively low thermal conductivity. The light emitter can be integrated with semiconductor circuits including CMOS circuits. The light emitter can be integrated into optical driver circuits (on- and off-chip drivers) and opto-isolators.
摘要翻译： 使用纳米管的发光体及其制作方法。 光发射器包括与第一和第二接触电连通的纳米管制品，具有预定区域的基底，所述预定区域具有相对于所述纳米管制品预定的物理关系的相对低导热性的所述区域; 以及与第一和第二触点电连通的激励电路。 刺激电路提供足以在预定区域附近从纳米管制品引发光发射的电刺激。 预定区域是形成在衬底中的通道或具有相对较低热导率的材料区域。 光发射器可以与包括CMOS电路的半导体电路集成。 光发射器可以集成到光驱动器电路（片上和片外驱动器）和光隔离器中。
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公开(公告)号：US08366999B2
公开(公告)日：2013-02-05
申请号：US12065857
申请日：2006-09-06
申请人： Jonathan W. Ward , Brent M. Segal
发明人： Jonathan W. Ward , Brent M. Segal
摘要： Under one aspect, a system (100) for sensing the presense of an analyte in a fluid includes a nanotube sensor element including a plurality of nanotubes and positioned for exposure to a fluid; an optical source capable of generating optical radiation (102), the radiation having a source frequency and a fluence selected to generate a nonlinear optical response by the nanotube sensor element; an optical detector (110) capable of measuring the nonlinear optical response by the nanotube sensor element; and logic in electrical communications with the optical detector to sense the presense of an analyte in the fluid based on the nonlinear optical response measured by the optical detector.
摘要翻译： 在一个方面，用于感测流体中分析物的脱色的系统（100）包括纳米管传感器元件，其包括多个纳米管并定位成暴露于流体; 能够产生光辐射（102）的光源，所述辐射具有选择的源频率和能量密度，以通过纳米管传感器元件产生非线性光学响应; 能够测量纳米管传感器元件的非线性光学响应的光学检测器（110）; 以及与光学检测器进行电通信的逻辑，以基于由光学检测器测量的非线性光学响应来感测流体中分析物的突出。
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公开(公告)号：US08044388B2
公开(公告)日：2011-10-25
申请号：US12506878
申请日：2009-07-21
IPC分类号： H01L35/24
CPC分类号： H01L33/40 , B82Y20/00 , H01L21/28575 , H01L29/2003 , H01L29/417 , H01L29/452 , H01L33/32 , Y10S438/924 , Y10T428/30 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： Manufacturers encounter limitations in forming low resistance ohmic electrical contact to semiconductor material P-type Gallium Nitride (p-GaN), commonly used in photonic applications, such that the contact is highly transparent to the light emission of the device. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can address this problem due to their combined metallic and semiconducting characteristics in conjunction with the fact that a fabric of CNTs has high optical transparency. The physical structure of the contact scheme is broken down into three components, a) the GaN, b) an interface material and c) the metallic conductor. The role of the interface material is to make suitable contact to both the GaN and the metal so that the GaN, in turn, will make good electrical contact to the metallic conductor that interfaces the device to external circuitry. A method of fabricating contact to GaN using CNTs and metal while maintaining protection of the GaN surface is provided.
摘要翻译： 制造商在与通常用于光子应用的半导体材料P型氮化镓（p-GaN）形成低电阻欧姆电接触方面遇到限制，使得接触对器件的发光是高度透明的。 碳纳米管（CNT）由于其组合的金属和半导体特性以及CNT的织物具有高的光学透明度的事实，可以解决这个问题。 接触方案的物理结构分为三个部分：a）GaN，b）界面材料和c）金属导体。 界面材料的作用是使GaN和金属两者适当地接触，这样GaN又将与将器件与外部电路接口的金属导体进行良好的电接触。 提供了一种使用CNT和金属制造与GaN接触的方法，同时保持了GaN表面的保护。
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55.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07927992B2
公开(公告)日：2011-04-19
申请号：US12066063
申请日：2006-09-05
IPC分类号： H01L21/20
CPC分类号： H01L23/373 , H01L23/433 , H01L24/28 , H01L24/31 , H01L2224/0554 , H01L2224/05568 , H01L2224/05573 , H01L2224/16 , H01L2224/73253 , H01L2924/00014 , H01L2924/01005 , H01L2924/01006 , H01L2924/01013 , H01L2924/01015 , H01L2924/01019 , H01L2924/01023 , H01L2924/01029 , H01L2924/01033 , H01L2924/01074 , H01L2924/01079 , H01L2924/01082 , H01L2924/1306 , H01L2924/14 , Y10S977/80 , H01L2924/00 , H01L2224/05599 , H01L2224/0555 , H01L2224/0556
摘要： Under one aspect, a method of cooling a circuit element includes providing a thermal reservoir having a temperature lower than an operating temperature of the circuit element; and providing a nanotube article in thermal contact with the circuit element and with the reservoir, the nanotube article including a non-woven fabric of nanotubes in contact with other nanotubes to define a plurality of thermal pathways along the article, the nanotube article having a nanotube density and a shape selected such that the nanotube article is capable of transferring heat from the circuit element to the thermal reservoir.
摘要翻译： 在一个方面，冷却电路元件的方法包括提供具有低于电路元件的工作温度的温度的热存储器; 并且提供与所述电路元件和所述储存器热接触的纳米管制品，所述纳米管制品包括与其它纳米管接触的纳米管的无纺织物以限定沿着所述制品的多个热路径，所述纳米管制品具有纳米管 密度和形状，使得纳米管制品能够将热量从电路元件传递到热储存器。
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公开(公告)号：US20080036356A1
公开(公告)日：2008-02-14
申请号：US11227468
申请日：2005-09-15
申请人： Jonathan W. Ward , Mitchell Meinhold , Claude L. Bertin , Benjamin Schlatka , Brent M. Segal , Thomas Ruckes
发明人： Jonathan W. Ward , Mitchell Meinhold , Claude L. Bertin , Benjamin Schlatka , Brent M. Segal , Thomas Ruckes
IPC分类号： H01K1/02
CPC分类号： H01K1/04 , B82Y10/00 , B82Y20/00 , H01L51/0048 , H01L51/0052
摘要： Light emitters using nanotubes and methods of making same. A light emitter includes a nanotube article in electrical communication with a first and a second contact, a substrate having a predefined region with a relatively low thermal conductivity said region in predefined physical relation to said nanotube article; and a stimulus circuit in electrical communication with the first and second contacts. The stimulus circuit provides electrical stimulation sufficient to induce light emission from the nanotube article in the proximity of the predefined region. The predefined region is a channel formed in the substrate or a region of material with relatively low thermal conductivity. The light emitter can be integrated with semiconductor circuits including CMOS circuits. The light emitter can be integrated into optical driver circuits (on- and off-chip drivers) and opto-isolators.
摘要翻译： 使用纳米管的发光体及其制作方法。 光发射器包括与第一和第二接触电连通的纳米管制品，具有预定区域的基底，所述预定区域具有相对于所述纳米管制品预定的物理关系的相对低导热性的所述区域; 以及与第一和第二触点电连通的激励电路。 刺激电路提供足以在预定区域附近从纳米管制品引发光发射的电刺激。 预定区域是形成在衬底中的通道或具有相对较低热导率的材料区域。 光发射器可以与包括CMOS电路的半导体电路集成。 光发射器可以集成到光驱动器电路（片上和片外驱动器）和光隔离器中。
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57.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08630091B2
公开(公告)日：2014-01-14
申请号：US13090135
申请日：2011-04-19
CPC分类号： H01L23/373 , H01L23/433 , H01L24/28 , H01L24/31 , H01L2224/0554 , H01L2224/05568 , H01L2224/05573 , H01L2224/16 , H01L2224/73253 , H01L2924/00014 , H01L2924/01005 , H01L2924/01006 , H01L2924/01013 , H01L2924/01015 , H01L2924/01019 , H01L2924/01023 , H01L2924/01029 , H01L2924/01033 , H01L2924/01074 , H01L2924/01079 , H01L2924/01082 , H01L2924/1306 , H01L2924/14 , Y10S977/80 , H01L2924/00 , H01L2224/05599 , H01L2224/0555 , H01L2224/0556
摘要： Under one aspect, a method of cooling a circuit element includes providing a thermal reservoir having a temperature lower than an operating temperature of the circuit element; and providing a nanotube article in thermal contact with the circuit element and with the reservoir, the nanotube article including a non-woven fabric of nanotubes in contact with other nanotubes to define a plurality of thermal pathways along the article, the nanotube article having a nanotube density and a shape selected such that the nanotube article is capable of transferring heat from the circuit element to the thermal reservoir.
摘要翻译： 在一个方面，冷却电路元件的方法包括提供具有低于电路元件的工作温度的温度的热存储器; 并且提供与所述电路元件和所述储存器热接触的纳米管制品，所述纳米管制品包括与其它纳米管接触的纳米管的无纺织物以限定沿着所述制品的多个热路径，所述纳米管制品具有纳米管 密度和形状，使得纳米管制品能够将热量从电路元件传递到热储存器。
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公开(公告)号：US20100148183A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-17
申请号：US12506878
申请日：2009-07-21
CPC分类号： H01L33/40 , B82Y20/00 , H01L21/28575 , H01L29/2003 , H01L29/417 , H01L29/452 , H01L33/32 , Y10S438/924 , Y10T428/30 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： Manufacturers encounter limitations in forming low resistance ohmic electrical contact to semiconductor material P-type Gallium Nitride (p-GaN), commonly used in photonic applications, such that the contact is highly transparent to the light emission of the device. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can address this problem due to their combined metallic and semiconducting characteristics in conjunction with the fact that a fabric of CNTs has high optical transparency. The physical structure of the contact scheme is broken down into three components, a) the GaN, b) an interface material and c) the metallic conductor. The role of the interface material is to make suitable contact to both the GaN and the metal so that the GaN, in turn, will make good electrical contact to the metallic conductor that interfaces the device to external circuitry. A method of fabricating contact to GaN using CNTs and metal while maintaining protection of the GaN surface is provided.
摘要翻译： 制造商在与通常用于光子应用的半导体材料P型氮化镓（p-GaN）形成低电阻欧姆电接触方面遇到限制，使得接触对器件的发光是高度透明的。 碳纳米管（CNT）由于其组合的金属和半导体特性以及CNT的织物具有高的光学透明度的事实，可以解决这个问题。 接触方案的物理结构分为三个部分：a）GaN，b）界面材料和c）金属导体。 界面材料的作用是使GaN和金属两者适当地接触，这样GaN又将与将器件与外部电路接口的金属导体进行良好的电接触。 提供了一种使用CNT和金属制造与GaN接触的方法，同时保持了GaN表面的保护。
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公开(公告)号：US20090140167A1
公开(公告)日：2009-06-04
申请号：US12065857
申请日：2006-09-06
申请人： Jonathan W. Ward , Brent M. Segal
发明人： Jonathan W. Ward , Brent M. Segal
摘要： Under one aspect, a system (100) for sensing the presense of an analyte in a fluid includes a nanotube sensor element including a plurality of nanotubes and positioned for exposure to a fluid; an optical source capable of generating optical radiation (102), the radiation having a source frequency and a fluence selected to generate a nonlinear optical response by the nanotube sensor element; an optical detector (110) capable of measuring the nonlinear optical response by the nanotube sensor element; and logic in electrical communications with the optical detector to sense the presense of an analyte in the fluid based on the nonlinear optical response measured by the optical detector
摘要翻译： 在一个方面，用于感测流体中分析物的脱色的系统（100）包括纳米管传感器元件，其包括多个纳米管并定位成暴露于流体; 能够产生光辐射（102）的光源，所述辐射具有选择的源频率和能量密度，以通过纳米管传感器元件产生非线性光学响应; 能够测量纳米管传感器元件的非线性光学响应的光学检测器（110）; 以及与光学检测器进行电通信的逻辑，以基于由光学检测器测量的非线性光学响应来感测流体中分析物的突变
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公开(公告)号：US20080231413A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-25
申请号：US12111442
申请日：2008-04-29
IPC分类号： H01C10/00
CPC分类号： H01C7/06 , H01C7/003 , H01C7/005 , H01C7/006 , H01C10/306 , H01C17/0652 , H01C17/232 , H01C17/283 , H01L28/22
摘要： Resistive elements include a patterned region of nanofabric having a predetermined area, where the nanofabric has a selected sheet resistance; and first and second electrical contacts contacting the patterned region of nanofabric and in spaced relation to each other. The resistance of the element between the first and second electrical contacts is determined by the selected sheet resistance of the nanofabric, the area of nanofabric, and the spaced relation of the first and second electrical contacts. The bulk resistance is tunable.
摘要翻译： 电阻元件包括具有预定面积的纳米纤维的图案化区域，其中纳米纤维具有选定的薄层电阻; 以及第一和第二电触头接触纳米尺寸的图案化区域并且彼此间隔开。 元件在第一和第二电触点之间的电阻由所选择的纳米尺寸的薄层电阻，纳米的面积以及第一和第二电触头间隔的关系来确定。 体积电阻是可调谐的。
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