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    Lysozyme dimer
    51.
    发明授权
    Lysozyme dimer 失效
    溶菌酶二聚体

    公开(公告)号：US06316236B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-11-13

    申请号：US09130810

    申请日：1998-08-07

    申请人： Peter Herrmann ,  Peter Klein

    发明人： Peter Herrmann ,  Peter Klein

    IPC分类号： C12N936

    CPC分类号： C12N9/2462

    摘要： A method is provided for preparing a highly purified lysozyme dimer product which comprises dimerizing the lysozyme monomer with a suberimidate coupling reagent in a buffer solution adjusted to pH 10, stopping the dimerization at a given point by lowering the pH to 7 via addition of HCl or other suitable acid solution, and purifying the dimeric lysozyme by a series of elution steps carried out using ion exchange resin column chromatography. Monomeric lysozyme remaining undimerized by the initial dimerization step is recycled into the process in order to increase yield. The present system is advantageous in that large amounts of purified lysozyme dimer can be prepared efficiently and relatively inexpensively, and the lysozyme dimer so produced is useful in treating viral and/or bacterial diseases without causing the cytotoxic effects associated with the lysozyme monomer.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种制备高纯度溶菌酶二聚体产物的方法，其包括将溶菌酶单体与缓冲溶液中的苏木精偶联试剂二聚化，调节至pH为10，通过加入HCl将pH降至7，停止给定点的二聚 其他合适的酸溶液，并通过使用离子交换树脂柱色谱法进行的一系列洗脱步骤纯化二聚溶菌酶。 通过初始二聚步骤保持未稳定化的单体溶菌酶被再循环到该方法中以提高产率。 本发明的系统的优点在于可以有效和相对廉价地制备大量纯化的溶菌酶二聚体，所产生的溶菌酶二聚体可用于治疗病毒和/或细菌疾病，而不会引起与溶菌酶单体相关的细胞毒性作用。

    Cationic virosomes as transfer system for genetic material
    52.
    发明授权
    Cationic virosomes as transfer system for genetic material 失效
    阳离子病毒体作为遗传物质的转移系统

    公开(公告)号：US06210708B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-04-03

    申请号：US09414872

    申请日：1999-10-08

    申请人： Ernst Rudolf Walti ,  Reinhard Gluck ,  Peter Klein

    发明人： Ernst Rudolf Walti ,  Reinhard Gluck ,  Peter Klein

    IPC分类号： A61K9127

    CPC分类号： A61K9/1271 ,  A61K9/1272 ,  C12N15/88

    摘要： The present invention relates to a positively charged virosome for efficient delivery of genetic material to resting or proliferating mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. The virosome membrane contains cationic and/or polycationic lipids, at least one viral fusion peptide and preferably at least one cell-specific marker, advantageously selected from the group consisting of monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments F(ab′)2 and Fab′, cytokines, and growth factors, for a selective detection and binding of target cells. The invention further relates to a method for the manufacture of the novel virosomes and to applications thereof, particularly for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions to treat cancer or leukemia.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于在体外和体内有效地将遗传物质递送至休眠或增殖哺乳动物细胞的带正电荷的病毒颗粒。 病毒体膜包含阳离子和/或聚阳离子脂质，至少一种病毒融合肽，优选至少一种细胞特异性标记，有利地选自单克隆抗体，抗体片段F（ab'）2和Fab'，细胞因子 和生长因子，用于靶细胞的选择性检测和结合。 本发明还涉及用于制造新的病毒体及其应用的方法，特别是用于制备治疗癌症或白血病的药物组合物。

    Synthetic membrane vesicles containing functionally active fusion peptides as drug delivery systems
    53.
    发明授权
    Synthetic membrane vesicles containing functionally active fusion peptides as drug delivery systems 失效
    含有功能活性融合肽作为药物递送系统的合成膜囊泡

    公开(公告)号：US6040167A

    公开(公告)日：2000-03-21

    申请号：US930593

    申请日：1992-11-02

    申请人： Reinhard Gluck ,  Peter Klein ,  Peter Herrmann ,  Ernst Rudolf Walti

    发明人： Reinhard Gluck ,  Peter Klein ,  Peter Herrmann ,  Ernst Rudolf Walti

    IPC分类号： A61K9/127 ,  A61K31/16 ,  A61K31/17 ,  A61K31/415 ,  A61K31/505 ,  A61K31/675 ,  A61K31/70 ,  A61K39/395 ,  A61K47/24 ,  A61K47/48 ,  A61P31/18 ,  A61P35/00 ,  C12N7/00 ,  C07K14/11

    CPC分类号： A61K9/1277 ,  A61K47/48523 ,  A61K47/48561 ,  A61K47/48823 ,  A61K9/1271

    摘要： The phospholipid bilayer contains at least one pharmaceutically active drug and comprises cell-specific markers on the membrane which have at least 90% biological activity when measured according to Luescher & Glueck, Antiviral Research 14, 39-50. In the membrane, the cholesterol content is preferably less than 2% by weight, the detergent content preferably less than 1 ppb. The vesicle diameter preferably is about 80 nm. the phospholipid in the membrane may comprise 70 to 95% by weight of phosphatidylcholine and preferably 10 to 20% by weight of phosphatidylethanolamine; preferably 6-8% by weight of a crosslinker, preferably of a sulfosuccinimidyl derivate, and at least one cell-specific fusion peptide are linked to the membrane. The vesicles are used for the preparation of pharmaceuticals against AIDS and carcinomas.

    摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP92 / 00089 Sec。 371日期：1992年11月2日 102（e）日期1992年11月2日PCT提交1992年1月17日PCT公布。 出版物WO92 / 日期1992年8月20日当根据Luescher＆Glueck，Antiviral Research 14,39-50测量时，磷脂双层含有至少一种药物活性药物，并且包括膜上的细胞特异性标记物，其具有至少90％的生物活性。 在膜中，胆固醇含量优选小于2重量％，洗涤剂含量优选小于1ppb。 泡囊直径优选为约80nm。 膜中的磷脂可以包含70至95重量％的磷脂酰胆碱，优选10至20重量％的磷脂酰乙醇胺; 优选6-8重量％的交联剂，优选磺基琥珀酰亚胺基衍生物，和至少一个细胞特异性融合肽连接到膜。 囊泡用于制备抗艾滋病和癌症的药物。

    Method for shutting down and restarting individual cylinders of an engine
    54.
    发明授权
    Method for shutting down and restarting individual cylinders of an engine 失效
    关闭和重新启动发动机的各个气缸的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5803040A

    公开(公告)日：1998-09-08

    申请号：US764390

    申请日：1996-12-13

    申请人： Herwig Biesinger ,  Heiko Flebbe ,  Dieter Kalweit ,  Peter Klein ,  Peter Lautenschutz ,  Anton Waltner

    发明人： Herwig Biesinger ,  Heiko Flebbe ,  Dieter Kalweit ,  Peter Klein ,  Peter Lautenschutz ,  Anton Waltner

    IPC分类号： F01L13/00 ,  F02D13/06 ,  F02D17/02 ,  F02D41/00 ,  F02D41/36 ,  F02B77/00

    CPC分类号： F02D17/02 ,  F01L13/0036 ,  F02D13/06 ,  F02D41/0087 ,  Y02T10/18

    摘要： The invention provides a method for shutting down and restarting individual cylinders of a multicylinder internal combustion engine by deactivating the charge change valves and the fuel injection. According to the invention, in shutting down a selected cylinder, the exhaust valve is disconnected first in all cases. Thereafter, the intake valve and fuel injection for the selected cylinder are controlled such that the last fuel injection into that cylinder takes place immediately before the last intake cycle. When a cylinder is restarted, the exhaust valve is always operated first, and only thereafter is the intake valve opened, with the first fuel injection always taking place immediately before the first intake cycle.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种通过停用充电转换阀和燃料喷射来关闭和重启多缸内燃机的各个气缸的方法。 根据本发明，在关闭所选择的气缸时，在所有情况下首先断开排气阀。 此后，控制所选择的气缸的进气门和燃料喷射，使得最后一次进入该气缸的燃料在最后进气循环之前进行。 当汽缸重新起动时，排气阀始终始终运转，仅此后进气门打开，第一次燃油喷射始终在第一次进气循环之前进行。

    Production of fibers or films using specific forming solutions and the fibers of films obtainable thereby
    55.
    发明授权
    Production of fibers or films using specific forming solutions and the fibers of films obtainable thereby 失效
    使用特定的成形溶液生产纤维或薄膜以及由此获得的薄膜的纤维

    公开(公告)号：US5646234A

    公开(公告)日：1997-07-08

    申请号：US416148

    申请日：1995-04-04

    申请人： Holger Jung ,  Richard Neuert ,  Peter Klein ,  Georg-Emerich Miess

    发明人： Holger Jung ,  Richard Neuert ,  Peter Klein ,  Georg-Emerich Miess

    IPC分类号： B29C55/02 ,  B29K77/00 ,  B29L7/00 ,  C08G69/32 ,  C08G69/42 ,  C08J5/18 ,  C08L77/00 ,  C08L77/10 ,  D01F6/60 ,  D01F6/80 ,  D01F6/90 ,  C08G69/12

    CPC分类号： C08J5/18 ,  C08G69/32 ,  C08G69/42 ,  D01F6/805 ,  C08J2377/10 ,  Y10T428/2969 ,  Y10T428/2971 ,  Y10T428/31725

    摘要： A process for producing fibers or films by the steps of:a) preparing an aromatic polyamide by polycondensation of dicarbonyl dihalides or mixtures thereof with at least two diamines in N-alkyllactams as a solvent, the polycondensation being of at least 90 mol %, based on the total amount of dicarbonyl dihalides in the reaction mixture, of compounds of the formula I or mixtures of such compoundsHal--OC--Ar.sup.1 --CO--Hal (I)with at least 90 mol%, based on the total amount of diamines in the reaction mixture, of compounds of the formula II and optionally III or mixtures of such compoundsH.sub.2 N--Ar.sup.2 --NH.sub.2 (II), H.sub.2 N--Ar.sup.3 --NH.sub.2 (III)where Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 are independently of each other a bivalent aromatic radical, the proportion of structural repeat units in the aromatic polyamide derived from the compounds of the formula II, based on the proportion of the structural repeat units derived from the compounds of the formulae II and III, being at least 50 mol %, and said aromatic polyamide is soluble in organic solvents,b) forcing the solution of the aromatic polyamide obtained in step a) through dies of the desired cross-sectional shape at temperatures from 40.degree. to 120.degree. C. to form fibers or films,c) removing the organic solvent in a conventional manner to produce solvent-leaner or -free fibers or films sufficiently mechanically stable and nontacky for further processing.The process of the invention omits the customary neutralization after the aromatic polyamide has been prepared.

    摘要翻译： 一种通过以下步骤制备纤维或薄膜的方法：a）通过二羰基二卤化物或其混合物与N-烷基内酰胺中的至少两种二胺作为溶剂进行缩聚来制备芳族聚酰胺，所述缩聚为至少90mol％，基于 对于反应混合物中二羰基二卤化物的总量，式I化合物或这些化合物Hal-OC-Ar1-CO-Hal（I）的混合物与至少90mol％的二胺的总量相比， 反应混合物，式II和任选III的化合物或这些化合物H 2 N-Ar 2 -NH 2（II），H 2 N-Ar 3 -NH 2（III）的混合物，其中Ar 1，Ar 2和Ar 3彼此独立地是二价芳族基团 衍生自式II化合物的芳族聚酰胺中结构重复单元的比例基于衍生自式II和III的化合物的结构重复单元的比例为至少50mol％，所述芳族 聚酰胺可溶于或 粗制溶剂，b）在40℃至120℃的温度下，将步骤a）中获得的芳族聚酰胺溶液强迫所需的横截面形状，以形成纤维或膜，c）将 以常规的方式制备足够机械稳定和非粘性以进行进一步处理的溶剂稀的或无 - 纤维或薄膜。 在制备芳族聚酰胺之后，本发明的方法省略了常规中和。

    Low-pill, low-flammability polyesters, production thereof and structures formed therefrom
    56.
    发明授权
    Low-pill, low-flammability polyesters, production thereof and structures formed therefrom 失效
    低丸，低可燃性聚酯，其生产和由其形成的结构

    公开(公告)号：US5494993A

    公开(公告)日：1996-02-27

    申请号：US296105

    申请日：1994-08-25

    申请人： Volker Freudenberger ,  Peter Klein ,  Hans-Jerg Kleiner

    发明人： Volker Freudenberger ,  Peter Klein ,  Hans-Jerg Kleiner

    IPC分类号： C08G63/68 ,  C08G63/692 ,  C08G63/695 ,  D01F6/84 ,  C08G79/02

    CPC分类号： D01F6/84 ,  C08G63/6922 ,  C08G63/6926 ,  C08G63/6952 ,  C08G63/6956 ,  Y10T442/696

    摘要： Described are low-pill, low-flammability linear fiber-forming polyesters formed from dicarboxylic acid and diol components, which polyesters contain in their polymer chain modifying units formed by esterification or transesterification from compounds of the formulae I and/or II and/or III ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and each is a univalent aliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are together a bivalent aliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic radical,R.sup.3 is an (n+1)-valent organic radical,A is a group capable of ester formation, n is an integer from 1 to 3,R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are identical or different and each is hydrogen or a univalent aliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,y is an integer from 1 to 10,R.sup.6 is hydrogen or a univalent aliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and the index z is 0 or an integer from 1 to 2*i and the index i is a sufficiently small integer. Also described are processes for producing these polyesters and their use.

    摘要翻译： 描述了由二羧酸和二醇组分形成的低丸，低可燃性线性纤维形成聚酯，该聚酯在其通过式I和/或II和/或III的化合物的酯化或酯交换形成的聚合物链修饰单元中含有 R 2是相同或不同的，并且各自是具有1至12个碳原子的单价脂肪族，芳脂族或芳族烃基，或者R 1和R 2一起是二价脂族，芳脂族或芳族基团，R 3是（n + 1） ）价有机基团，A是能够形成酯的基团，n是1至3的整数，R4和R5相同或不同，各自是氢或具有1至12个碳原子的一价脂族，芳脂族或芳族烃基 原子，y为1至10的整数，R6为氢或具有1至12个碳原子的单价脂族，芳脂族或芳族烃基，并且指数z为0或1至2 * i的整数，并且指数i 是一样 足够小的整数。 还描述了生产这些聚酯的方法及其用途。

    Process for preparing aromatic polyamides of high hydrolysis resistance with controlled water content of diamine
    59.
    发明授权
    Process for preparing aromatic polyamides of high hydrolysis resistance with controlled water content of diamine 失效
    制备具有受控水分含量的高耐水性的芳族聚酰胺的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5149759A

    公开(公告)日：1992-09-22

    申请号：US679922

    申请日：1991-04-03

    申请人： Georg-Emrich Miess ,  Peter Klein ,  Wilfried Pressler

    发明人： Georg-Emrich Miess ,  Peter Klein ,  Wilfried Pressler

    IPC分类号： C08G69/28 ,  C08G69/32

    CPC分类号： C08G69/28 ,  C08G69/32

    摘要： There is described a process for preparing aromatic polyamides of high hydrolysis resistance by reacting aromatic diamines in a conventional organic solvent and in the presence or absence of inorganic salts wherein the diamine, which has a water content of up to 25% by weight, is dissolved in the organic solvent, which may likewise contain water, and the solution is subjected to a vacuum distillation until the water content of the bottom product is

    摘要翻译： 描述了通过芳族二胺在常规有机溶剂中的反应和在存在或不存在无机盐的情况下制备具有高耐水解性的芳族聚酰胺的方法，其中水含量高达25％重量的二胺溶解 在同样含有水的有机溶剂中，将溶液进行真空蒸馏，直到底部产物的水含量<100ppm，随后根据需要加入无机盐，然后以常规方式加入二羰基二氯 并且以常规方式进行并结束缩合反应。