摘要:
A Mach-Zehnder filter is provided with a strongly aperiodic transfer function including a broad, sharply defined pass band. The filter can be used in conjunction with optical amplifiers.
摘要:
The end portions of a plurality of optical optical fibers are stripped; the coated portions of the fibers constituting pigtails. The stripped portion of one of the fibers is fused to an uncoated fiber section having a diameter that is larger than that of the stripped fiber end portions. A fiber optic coupler preform is made by surrounding the uncoated fiber section with the stripped portions of the remaining fibers to form a close-packed fiber array. At least a portion of the overlapping region of the uncoated fiber section and the stripped end portions is heated and drawn to induce the coupling of optical signals between the uncoated fiber section and the stripped portions.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving signals includes an analyzer, for decomposing an input signal into a plurality of signals with each one of the plurality of signals occupying one of a corresponding plurality of channels and a synthesizer, having a plurality of channels with each channel adapted to receive one of the plurality of analyzer signals, for combining the plurality of signals to reconstruct the input signal.
摘要:
A compact monolithic interferometric switch such as a Mach-Zehnder switch is formed such that one of the waveguide paths between the input and output couplers contains a material having exhibits a resonant nonlinearity, whereby its refractive index changes when pump power propagates through it. Each of the waveguide paths has a different propagation constant whereby signal light is subjected to a different delay in each path when no pump power is propagating through the rare nonlinear path. An input signal applied to the input of the switch appears at a first output terminal when the pump power does not propagate through the nonlinear path, and it appears at a second output terminal when the pump power is applied to the nonlinear path. Switching occurs at relatively low levels of pump power.
摘要:
A method for interconnecting electrical system components. A leadframe (10) having leads (11) is encapsulated within a molding compound to form a first section (36) of the interconnect package (35). The first section (36) optionally includes channels (54). A leadframe (20) having leads (22, 23) is encapsulated within a molding compound to form a second section (37) of the interconnect package (35). The first and second sections (36 and 37, respectively) are coupled together with an adhesive material (43). An end (44) is removed from the interconnect package (35) forming an edge (50). A bare semiconductor chip (51) is coupled to the edge (50).
摘要:
Microbridge formation in chemically amplified negative tone photoresists based on poly(hydroxystyrene) (PHS) is avoided when the PHS is blended together with a co-polymer of PHS and an acrylic polymer such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The blend should include at least 10% by weight of the co-polymer. In operation, hydrogen bonding between the hydroxystyrene sub-units and the methacrylate sub-units decreases the availability of sites for crosslinking, and this reduction in crosslinking sites makes the blend less susceptible to formation of polymer resist microbridges. The invention is practicable with a polymers having a wide range of molecular weights (2000-50000 daltons), and development can be achieved using the industry standard 2.38 wt % trimethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) developer without any adverse impact on the photoresist.
摘要:
An optical system for coupling a laser radiation source to a circularly symmetric single-mode optical fiber. The laser radiation source produces a beam of light having an elliptical mode field. The input end of a coupling fiber, which has a core that is elliptically-shaped in cross-section, is situated in light receiving relationship with respect to the source. The coupling fiber is oriented with respect to the source such that the mode field of the source is aligned with the coupling fiber core to provide the most efficient coupling of light from the source to the fiber. Means such as an evanescent coupler couples light from the output end of the fiber to the circularly symmetric fiber.
摘要:
Anti-hepatitis B virus surface protein (anti-HBS) antibody is adsorbed onto the surface of a substratum. Hepatitis B virus PreS2+S (PreS2+S) protein is then adsorbed onto the same surface through the interaction of the anti-HBS antibody with the "S" portion of the PreS2+S protein. The coated surface is then incubated concomitantly with the test sample and a radiolabelled antibody specific for the "PreS2" portion of the PreS2+S protein.
摘要:
A fiber optic coupler is formed as follows. Glass optical fibers, each having a core, cladding and coating are disposed within the longitudinal aperture of a capillary tube, the fibers extending beyond each end thereof. The fibers are preferably held taut to effect a tension therein. The coating is removed from that portion of the fibers in the midregion of the tube by oxidation, depolymerization or the like. The coating remains on those portions of the fibers extending into the ends of the apertures to precisely orient the fibers within the tube. The midregion of the tube is heated, collapsed about the fibers, and drawn to reduce the diameter thereof.