Abstract:
A peer-to-peer network comprises a plurality of intelligent terminal nodes, each intelligent terminal node being operable to establish, maintain, and tear-down communication sessions with another intelligent terminal node, a plurality of network service nodes coupled to the plurality of intelligent terminal nodes, the plurality of network service nodes comprise at least one of the plurality of intelligent terminal nodes, at least one user P2P function module operable to store, locate and distribute service resource information related to user policies, and at least one network P2P function module operable to store, locate and distribute service resource information related to operator provider policies, and operable to exert stricter security control than the at least one user P2P function module.
Abstract:
A peer-to-peer network comprises a plurality of intelligent terminal nodes, each intelligent terminal node being operable to establish, maintain, and tear-down communication sessions with another intelligent terminal node, a plurality of network service nodes coupled to the plurality of intelligent terminal nodes, the plurality of network service nodes comprise at least one of the plurality of intelligent terminal nodes, at least one user P2P function module operable to store, locate and distribute service resource information related to user policies, and at least one network P2P function module operable to store, locate and distribute service resource information related to operator provider policies, and operable to exert stricter security control than the at least one user P2P function module.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for exciting gas that involves generating an alternating magnetic field unidirectionally through a magnetic core defining a gap, across the gap and through a plasma vessel that includes dielectric material. The magnetic field induces an electric field in the plasma vessel that generates the plasma.
Abstract:
An improved toroidal low-field plasma source allows plasma ignition within a wider range of gas conditions than permitted by prior art plasma sources. Power efficiency of the plasma source is improved by automatically adjusting the power delivered to the plasma based on the load to the power supply. The plasma source can be operated over a wider pressure range than allowed by prior art plasma sources. The plasma source can be operated so as to increase the output of atomic species from the source. The plasma source can be operated to increase the etch rate of organic materials. The plasma source can efficiently remove hazardous gas compounds from effluent gas streams by converting them into scrubbable products.
Abstract:
The pixel position-to-wavelength calibration function of film measurement devices such as spectroscopic ellipsometers and spectroreflectometers may shift due to temperature and humidity changes and mechanical factors. One or more wavelength markers provided by the light source or reference sample may be used to correct the calibration function. The pixel positions of one or more persistent wavelength markers are noted during the calibration process and the current positions of such markers are again noted to account for shifts due to various factors to correct the calibration function.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for producing the compound of the formula ##STR1## which comprises reacting lactone of formula II ##STR2## with an imine of formula III': ##STR3## and converting the resulting chiral diol of formula VI: ##STR4## through several steps to obtain a compound of formula I'.
Abstract:
A method and system for spectroscopic ellipsometry employing reflective optics to measure a small region of a sample by reflecting radiation (preferably broadband UV, visible, and near infrared radiation) from the region. The system preferably has an autofocus assembly and a processor programmed to determine from the measurements the thickness and/or complex refractive index of a thin film on the sample. Preferably, only reflective optics are employed along the optical path between the polarizer and analyzer, a sample beam reflects with low incidence angle from each component of the reflective optics, the beam is reflectively focused to a small, compact spot on the sample at a range of high incidence angles, and an incidence angle selection element is provided for selecting for measurement only radiation reflected from the sample at a single, selected angle (or narrow range of angles). The focusing mirror preferably has an elliptical shape,to reduce off-axis aberrations in the focused beam. Some embodiments include both a spectrophotometer and an ellipsometer integrated together as a single instrument. In such instrument, the spectrophotometer and ellipsometer share a radiation source, and radiation from the source can be focused by either the spectrophotometer or the ellipsometer to the same focal point on a sample. Preferred embodiments of the ellipsometer employ a rotating, minimal-length Rochon prism as a polarizer, and include a spectrometer with an intensified photodiode array to measure reflected radiation from the sample, and a reference channel (in addition to a sample channel which detects radiation reflected from the sample).
Abstract:
The invention provides a system for producing nanotubes, nanofibers and nanorods, the system comprising a wire array shaped as a cylinder such that the cylinder defines a void; a first furnace positioned within the void; a second furnace positioned opposite the first furnace to define a channel adapted to receive a portion of the cylinder as the cylinder rotates about its axis; a device for depositing spun fiber onto the wire array as the cylinder rotates; and a device for removing the deposited fiber from the array after the deposited fiber is heated within the channel. The invention also provides a method for producing nanotubes, the method comprising: supplying a cylindrical wire array, wherein the array defines an internal void; positioning a first furnace within the void; positioning a second furnace opposite the first furnace so as to define a channel between the first furnace and second furnace, the channel adapted to receive a portion of the cylindrical array as the array rotates about its axis; depositing spun fiber onto the array as the array rotates; heating the deposited fiber as it enters the channel; and removing the deposited fiber as it exits the channel.
Abstract:
A system for defining structures within an image is described. The system includes reading of an input file, preprocessing the input file while preserving metadata such as scale information and then detecting features of the input file. In one version the detection first uses an edge detector followed by identification of features using a Hough transform. The output of the process is identified elements within the image.
Abstract:
A nonreciprocal device is described. It includes a housing, a waveguide layer and at least one layer of magnetic nanofiber composite. The magnetic nanofiber composite layer is made up of a polymer base layer, a dielectric matrix comprising magnetic nanofibers. The nanofibers have a high aspect ratio and wherein said dielectric matrix is embedded in the polymer base layer.