摘要:
A method, system, and program for billing for service provided to destination device according to the calling plan of the individual receiving the call. An authenticated identity for a callee answering a call placed to a destination device is received at an intermediary device. The intermediary device then accesses a billing plan for the authenticated identity of the callee and loads the billing plan for specifying charges for the call, such that telephone service billed to the callee is accessible at multiple destination devices.
摘要:
A well fracturing fluid is shown which includes an aqueous base fluid, a hydratable polymer, such as a guar gum, and a suitable crosslinking agent for crosslinking the hydratable polymer to form a polymer gel. The hydratable polymer has a higher molecular weight which is achieved by improvements in the processing of the guar split. The higher molecular weight polymer provides improved performance in well fracturing operations.
摘要:
A method of cleaning a wellbore prior to the production of oil or gas is disclosed, wherein the wellbore has been drilled with an invert emulsion drilling mud that forms an invert emulsion filter cake. The method may include the steps of circulating a breaker fluid into the wellbore, where the breaker fluid includes an aqueous fluid, and imino diacetic acid or salt thereof. Optionally an acid buffering agent, and a weighting age are also included. The breaker fluid is formulated such that after a predetermined period of time and the filter cake present in the wellbore or on the wellbore face is substantially degraded. Other methods may also include drilling the wellbore with a water-based drilling mud that forms a water-based filter cake, wherein the method may include the steps of circulating a breaker fluid into the wellbore, where the breaker fluid may include an aqueous fluid, and an iminodiacetic acid or a salt thereof.
摘要:
Fluids viscosified with viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) may have their fluid loss properties improved with the presence of at least one mineral oil slurried together in combination with at least one particulate fluid loss control agent that may be an alkaline earth metal oxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, transition metal oxides, transition metal hydroxides, and mixtures thereof. The mineral oil having the particulate fluid loss control agents slurried within it may initially be dispersed oil droplets in an internal, discontinuous phase of the fluid. In one non-limiting embodiment, the slurry is added to the fluid after it has been substantially gelled. The mineral oil/particulate slurry may enhance the ability of a particulate fluid loss control agent to reduce fluid loss. The presence of the mineral oil may also eventually reduce the viscosity of the VES-gelled aqueous fluid.
摘要:
A wellbore treatment fluid is formed from an aqueous medium, a gas component, a viscosifying agent, and a surfactant. The surfactant is represented by the chemical formula: [R—(OCH2CH2)m—Oq—YOn]pX wherein R is a linear alkyl, branched alkyl, alkyl cycloaliphatic, or alkyl aryl group; O is an oxygen atom; Y is either a sulfur or phosphorus atom; m is 1 or more; n is a integer ranging from 1 to 3; p is a integer ranging from 1 to 4; q is a integer ranging from 0 to 1; and X is a cation. The fluid may be used in treating a subterranean formation penetrating by a wellbore by introducing the fluid into the wellbore. The fluid may be used in fracturing a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore by introducing the fluid into the formation at a pressure equal to or greater than the fracture initiation pressure.
摘要:
Methods of treating a portion of a well include the steps of: (A) depositing a solid particulate into the portion of the well, wherein the solid particulate comprises an aliphatic polyester, preferably a polylactide; and (B) contacting the particulate deposited in the portion of the well with a treatment fluid comprising: (i) water; (ii) a source of a strong alkali; and (iii) a source of a strong oxidizer. The steps of depositing and contacting can be with a single treatment fluid or separate treatment fluids.
摘要:
Compositions, systems and methods for the prevention or reduction of clumping or sticking of particulate hydraulic fracturing chemical additives. In preferred examples the particulate hydraulic fracturing chemical additives may be coated with, for example, a coating comprising a polymeric component and with or without silica. Inorganic flow agents (IFA) may be applied to the exterior surface of the particulate hydraulic fracturing chemical additives to prevent hardening or clumping of the additives upon storage. Preferably the coating is permeable, but insoluble in an aqueous medium, whereupon the additive components are released into the medium.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method of treating a subterranean formation. The present invention also relates to a method of delivering an acid to a subterranean formation. The methods include obtaining or providing a composition that includes filter cake breaker, viscosifier, corrosion inhibitor, and pH buffering agent. The methods also include contacting the composition with a subterranean material downhole. The present invention also relates to a composition for the treatment of a subterranean formation. The composition includes: filter cake breaker, viscosifier, corrosion inhibitor, pH buffering agent, and at least one of drilling fluid, stimulation fluid, fracturing fluid, spotting fluid, clean-up fluid, production fluid, completion fluid, remedial treatment fluid, abandonment fluid, pill, acidizing fluid, cementing fluid, and packer fluid.
摘要:
A plurality of first VES micelles may be converted into second VES micelles for subsequent formation of an in situ microemulsion downhole. The in situ microemulsion may include at least a portion of second VES micelles, e.g. spherical micelles, and a first oil-based internal breaker to initially aid in breaking the VES gelled aqueous fluid. The in situ microemulsion may increase the rate of flowback of an internally broken VES treatment fluid, increase the volume of treatment fluid recovered, increase the relative permeability or decrease water saturation of a hydrocarbon stream, e.g. oil, gas, and the like; reduce capillary pressure and water-block in the reservoir; enhance the solubilization and dispersion of VES molecules, internal breakers, and/or internal breaker by-products produced when breaking a VES gel; reduce the interfacial tension and/or the contact angle at the fluid-rock interface, reduce the water/oil interfacial tension, keep the reservoir surfaces water-wet, etc.
摘要:
Viscosifying polymers are effectively degraded during a well treatment operation with an ylide breaker or a vitamin B cofactor. The vitamin B cofactor is an ylide, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B9 or vitamin B12 or mixtures thereof. Such breakers are effective at room and elevated temperatures and high pH environments.