公开(公告)号：US07011971B2

公开(公告)日：2006-03-14

申请号：US10062326

申请日：2002-06-03

Applicant: Tiecheng A. Qiao ,  Krishnan Chari ,  Robledo O. Gutierrez

Inventor： Tiecheng A. Qiao ,  Krishnan Chari ,  Robledo O. Gutierrez

IPC: C12M1/34 ,  B01L9/00

CPC classification number: B01J19/0046 ,  B01J2219/00466 ,  B01J2219/00495 ,  B01J2219/005 ,  B01J2219/00545 ,  B01J2219/00596 ,  B01J2219/00648 ,  B01J2219/00659 ,  B01J2219/0072 ,  C40B60/14 ,  C40B70/00

Abstract: A method of making a microarray comprising the steps of:—providing a support;—coating on the support a fluid composition containing microspheres and gelatin;—immobilizing the microspheres in the gelatin coating;—partially digesting the gelatin with an enzyme to expose surfaces of the microspheres; and—removing the enzyme and digested gelatin from the coating.

Abstract translation: 一种制备微阵列的方法，其包括以下步骤： - 提供载体; - 在所述载体上涂覆含有微球和明胶的流体组合物; - 将所述微球体在所述明胶涂层中进行移动; - 用酶对所述明胶进行部分消化以暴露 微球; 并从涂层中除去酶和消化的明胶。

公开(公告)号：US20050270441A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-08

申请号：US10860973

申请日：2004-06-04

Applicant: Krishnan Chari ,  Charles Rankin ,  Thomas Welter

Inventor： Krishnan Chari ,  Charles Rankin ,  Thomas Welter

IPC: G02F1/1333 ,  G02F1/1334 ,  G02F1/137

CPC classification number: G02F1/13718 ,  G02F1/1334 ,  G02F1/13725 ,  G02F2001/13775

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bistable polymer dispersed liquid crystal display comprising a support, at least one patterned first conductor layer having thereon at least one dried imaging layer comprising a substantial monolayer of isolated domains of liquid crystal material dispersed in a continuous polymer matrix, wherein said dried imaging layer further comprises at least one absorber colorant, and wherein said isolated domains have a size distribution such that the coefficient of variation (cv) is less than 0.35.

Abstract translation: 双稳态聚合物分散液晶显示器技术领域本发明涉及一种双稳态聚合物分散液晶显示器，其包含支撑体，至少一个图案化的第一导体层，其上具有至少一个干燥的成像层，该成像层包含分散在连续聚合物基质中的基本单层的分离的液晶材料区域 所述干燥的成像层还包括至少一种吸收剂着色剂，并且其中所述分离的区域具有使得变异系数（cv）小于0.35的尺寸分布。

公开(公告)号：US20050019954A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-27

申请号：US10625375

申请日：2003-07-23

Applicant: Deepak Shukla ,  Krishnan Chari ,  Samuel Chen

Inventor： Deepak Shukla ,  Krishnan Chari ,  Samuel Chen

IPC: G01N33/58 ,  G01N33/543

CPC classification number: G01N33/585 ,  Y02A50/52 ,  Y02A50/57

Abstract: A color coded bead for use in a microarray for detecting target analytes, the bead comprising: a photochromic compound in a medium, the bead having a receptor molecule on its surface; wherein the photochromic compound confers on the bead a distinct optical signature; and wherein the receptor molecule is capable of binding to a target analyte.

Abstract translation: 一种用于微阵列检测目标分析物的颜色编码珠粒，珠粒包含：介质中的光致变色化合物，珠粒在其表面上具有受体分子; 其中所述光致变色化合物赋予所述珠粒上不同的光学特征; 并且其中受体分子能够结合靶分析物。

公开(公告)号：US6074812A

公开(公告)日：2000-06-13

申请号：US312379

申请日：1999-05-14

Applicant: Krishnan Chari

Inventor： Krishnan Chari

IPC: G03C1/015

CPC classification number: G03C1/015 ,  G03C2200/43

Abstract: A method for desalting and dewatering a silver halide emulsion comprising removing soluble salts from the silver halide emulsion by electrodialysis, wherein the electrodialysis is carried out by passing a feed stream of the emulsion between an anion-exchange membrane and a cation-exchange membrane while a direct current voltage is applied between the anion-exchange and cation-exchange membranes so that ions are removed from the feed stream and transferred to a waste stream on the sides of the anion-exchange and cation-exchange membranes opposite to the feed stream, wherein a soluble material is added to the waste stream at a higher concentration with respect to the feed stream so as to establish a concentration gradient between the waste stream and the feed stream which drives osmotic dewatering of the feed stream during electrodialysis. It is possible to achieve simultaneous deionization and dewatering using electrodialysis within a reasonable process time by adding a soluble component to the waste stream to generate a concentration gradient whereby water is effectively transferred from the feed to the waste concentrate stream by direct osmosis as well as removal of water by ionic hydration during electrodialysis. This process has the advantage that interactions with the emulsion being deionized does not place any restriction on the soluble component that is used to establish the concentration gradient between the feed and waste streams, because the component is not added to the emulsion feed stream. In a particular embodiment, the concentration gradient is established by adding a salt to the waste electrodialysis stream. In a preferred embodiment, relatively high water content or high porosity ion-exchange membranes are used in combination with a high level of salt (or other component) in the concentrate or waste stream.

Abstract translation: 一种用于对卤化银乳剂进行脱盐和脱水的方法，包括通过电渗析从卤化银乳剂中除去可溶性盐，其中电渗析是通过使乳液的进料流在阴离子交换膜和阳离子交换膜之间进行的， 在阴离子交换和阳离子交换膜之间施加直流电压，使得离子从进料流中除去并转移到与进料流相对的阴离子交换和阳离子交换膜的侧面上的废物流中，其中 以相对于进料流更高的浓度将可溶性物质加入到废物流中，以便建立在电渗析期间促进进料流的渗透脱水的废料流和进料流之间的浓度梯度。 可以在合理的工艺时间内，通过向废物流中加入可溶性组分以产生浓度梯度，在合理的工艺时间内实现电渗析的同时去离子和脱水，从而通过直接渗透以及去除方式将水从进料有效地转移到废浓缩物流 的水通过电渗析期间的离子水合。 该方法的优点是，与去离子乳液的相互作用对于用于建立进料和废物流之间的浓度梯度的可溶性组分没有任何限制，因为组分未加入到乳液进料流中。 在一个具体实施方案中，通过向废电渗析流中加入盐来建立浓度梯度。 在优选的实施方案中，相对较高的含水量或高孔隙率的离子交换膜与浓缩物或废物流中的高水平的盐（或其它组分）组合使用。

公开(公告)号：US6010839A

公开(公告)日：2000-01-04

申请号：US105507

申请日：1998-06-26

Applicant: Michael W. Crawley ,  Krishnan Chari ,  Allan F. Sowinski

Inventor： Michael W. Crawley ,  Krishnan Chari ,  Allan F. Sowinski

IPC: G03C7/305 ,  G03C7/333 ,  G03C7/38 ,  G03C7/32

CPC classification number: G03C7/30547 ,  G03C7/3335

Abstract: A multilayer silver halide color photographic element is disclosed comprising a support bearing a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and a non-diffusible yellow-colored magenta dye-forming masking coupler of the following formula ##STR1## wherein COUP is a magenta dye-forming coupler having the azo group attached to its coupling position; ARYL represents an aromatic group, including optionally further substituted phenyl, naphthyl or heteroaryl groups; m represents an integer of from 1 to 4; each L.sup.1 represents a divalent linking group, preferably --O(CH.sub.2).sub.y --, --NHCO(CH.sub.2).sub.y --, or --NRCO(CH.sub.2).sub.y --, where R represents an alkyl or aryl group and y represents an integer from 1 to 4; each k is either 0 or 1; each L.sup.2 represents --NHSO.sub.2 --, --NHCO--, --SO.sub.2 NH--, or --CONH--, preferably at least one L.sup.2 group being --NHSO.sub.2 -- or --SO.sub.2 NH--, more preferably --NHSO.sub.2 --; each Z represents --SO.sub.3 M or --PO.sub.3 M, where M represents H or a counter ion such as Na, K, Li, or NH.sub.4 ; and n represents an integer of from 1 to 5, with the provisos that when at least one L.sup.1 or L.sup.2 group comprises an --NHSO.sub.2 -- or --SO.sub.2 NH-- group then the total number of Z group substituents on the coupler is at least 2, and when no L.sup.1 or L.sup.2 group comprises an --NHSO.sub.2 -- or --SO.sub.2 NH-- group then the total number of Z group substituents on the coupler is at least 3, and if k is 0 for a substituent on the ARYL group then the L.sup.2 group for that substituent is either --NHSO.sub.2 -- or --NHCO--. Masking couplers comprising the requisite number and types of L.sup.1, L.sup.2 and Z groups in accordance with the invention have been found to form self-assembled micellar aggregates in water, and accordingly may be directly incorporated in aqueous solutions without the need for a dispersion making step. Further, such couplers exhibit good activity in the reaction with oxidized developer even in the absence of permanent solvent or plasticizer.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种多层卤化银彩色照相材料，其包含支持感光卤化银乳剂层的支持体和下式不可扩散的黄色品红色染料形成掩蔽剂，其中COUP是形成品红色染料的成色剂，其具有 偶氮基团连接到其耦合位置; ARYL表示芳族基团，包括任选进一步取代的苯基，萘基或杂芳基; m表示1〜4的整数， 每个L 1表示二价连接基团，优选-O（CH 2）y - ， - NHCO（CH 2）y - 或-NRCO（CH 2）y - ，其中R表示烷基或芳基，y表示1至 4; 每个k是0或1; 每个L2代表-NHSO2-，-NHCO-，-SO2NH-或-CONH-，优选至少一个L2基团是-NHSO2-或-SO2NH-，更优选-NHSO2-; 每个Z表示-SO 3 M或-PO 3 M，其中M表示H或抗衡离子如Na，K，Li或NH 4; 并且n表示1至5的整数，条件是当至少一个L1或L2基团包含-NHSO2-或-SO2NH-基团时，耦合器上的Z基团取代基的总数为至少2，并且 当L1或L2基团不包含-NHSO 2 - 或-SO 2 NH-基团时，偶联剂上的Z基团取代基的总数至少为3，并且如果ARYL基团上的取代基的k为0，那么该基团的L2基团 取代基是-NHSO 2 - 或-NHCO-。 已经发现包含根据本发明的必需数量和类型的L1，L2和Z组的掩蔽成色剂在水中形成自组装的胶束聚集体，因此可以直接掺入水溶液中而不需要分散步骤 。 此外，即使在没有永久性溶剂或增塑剂的情况下，这种成色剂在与氧化显影剂的反应中表现出良好的活性。

公开(公告)号：US5256527A

公开(公告)日：1993-10-26

申请号：US756954

申请日：1991-09-09

Applicant: Krishnan Chari ,  James T. Beck

Inventor： Krishnan Chari ,  James T. Beck

IPC: G03C7/388

CPC classification number: G03C7/3882

Abstract: The invention provides stable dispersions of couplers and methods of their formation. The stable dispersions are formed by the use of a nonionic water soluble polymer in combination with an anionic surfactant having a sulfate or sulfonate head group and a hydrophobic group of 8 to 20 carbons. The preferred nonionic water soluble polymers are polyethyleneoxide and polyvinylpyrrolidene. It is preferred that the dispersions have a pH of between about 5 and 5.5.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供稳定的成色剂分散体及其形成方法。 通过使用非离子水溶性聚合物与具有硫酸盐或磺酸盐头基和8至20个碳的疏水基团的阴离子表面活性剂组合来形成稳定的分散体。 优选的非离子水溶性聚合物是聚环氧乙烷和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。 优选分散体的pH为约5至5.5。

公开(公告)号：US09096755B2

公开(公告)日：2015-08-04

申请号：US14344707

申请日：2012-09-13

Applicant: Krishnan Chari ,  Shui-Jen Raymond Hsu ,  Wei-Yeih Yang ,  Prachur Bhargava ,  Murat Kadir

Inventor： Krishnan Chari ,  Shui-Jen Raymond Hsu ,  Wei-Yeih Yang ,  Prachur Bhargava ,  Murat Kadir

IPC: C08L33/14 ,  C08K5/41 ,  C08K5/20 ,  A61K8/81 ,  C09K8/035 ,  C09K8/60 ,  C09K8/68 ,  A61K47/32 ,  C08K3/10 ,  C08K3/34 ,  C08L33/08

CPC classification number: C08L33/14 ,  A61K8/8152 ,  A61K47/32 ,  A61Q19/00 ,  C08K3/10 ,  C08K3/34 ,  C08K3/346 ,  C08K5/20 ,  C08K5/41 ,  C08L33/08 ,  C08L2201/54 ,  C09K8/035 ,  C09K8/602 ,  C09K8/68 ,  C09K2208/30

Abstract: A stable, aqueous composition containing a crosslinked, nonionic, amphiphilic polymer capable of forming a yield stress fluid in the presence of a surfactant is disclosed. The yield stress fluid is capable of suspending insoluble materials in the form of particulates and/or droplets requiring suspension or stabilization.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种稳定的水性组合物，其含有能够在表面活性剂存在下形成屈服应力流体的交联的非离子型两亲性聚合物。 屈服应力流体能够悬浮在需要悬浮或稳定化的颗粒和/或液滴形式的不溶性材料。

公开(公告)号：US07642035B2

公开(公告)日：2010-01-05

申请号：US11403970

申请日：2006-04-13

Applicant: Deepak Shukla ,  Krishnan Chari

Inventor： Deepak Shukla ,  Krishnan Chari

IPC: G11B7/244 ,  G11B7/245 ,  C09K19/58 ,  C09K19/52 ,  G02B6/00 ,  C09K19/38 ,  C09K19/36

CPC classification number: C09K19/586 ,  C09K19/588 ,  Y10T428/10 ,  Y10T428/1036 ,  Y10T428/1055

Abstract: The present invention relates to photo-tunable dopant compositions comprising a photo-reactive chiral compound capable of undergoing a photochemical reaction resulting in the loss of chirality, and a triplet sensitizer. The present invention also relates to a display comprising a substrate, a liquid crystalline layer thereon, wherein the liquid crystalline layer comprises a nematic host, at least one chiral dopant, a photo-reacted compound, and a triplet sensitizer, and at least one transparent conductive layer. The present invention also relates to a method of tuning a cholesteric liquid crystal material comprising providing at least one mesogenic compound, at least one triplet sensitizer, and at least one photo-reactive chiral compound; combining the at least one mesogenic compound, at least one triplet sensitizer, and at least one photo-reactive chiral compound to form a mixture; and irradiating the mixture for a period of time.

公开(公告)号：US07382424B2

公开(公告)日：2008-06-03

申请号：US10718900

申请日：2003-11-21

Applicant: Krishnan Chari ,  Charles M. Rankin, Jr.

Inventor： Krishnan Chari ,  Charles M. Rankin, Jr.

IPC: G02F1/1333

CPC classification number: G02F1/13718 ,  G02F1/133305 ,  G02F1/1334 ,  G02F2203/34

Abstract: A display sheet comprising a substrate carrying layers of material; including a polymer-dispersed chiral-nematic liquid-crystal layer having a first high reflection state within the visible light spectrum and a second less-reflective state in said spectrum, said states being changeable by an electric field, which states can be maintained in the absence of an electric field; a first transparent conductor disposed over said polymer-dispersed chiral-nematic liquid-crystal layer; and a second conductor, wherein said imaging layer is substantially a monolayer of said domains comprises a mixture of at least two differently reflecting liquid crystal materials, in which the λ maximums of the two materials are separated by 100 to 250 nm.

Abstract translation: 一种显示板，包括承载材料层的基板; 包括在可见光谱内具有第一高反射状态的聚合物分散的手性向列型液晶层和所述光谱中的第二较少反射状态，所述状态可由电场改变，这些状态可以保持在 没有电场; 布置在所述聚合物分散手性向列型液晶层上的第一透明导体; 和第二导体，其中所述成像层基本上是所述畴的单层包括至少两种不同反射的液晶材料的混合物，其中两种材料的λ最大值分隔100至250nm。

公开(公告)号：US20070278448A1

公开(公告)日：2007-12-06

申请号：US11442811

申请日：2006-05-30

Applicant: Krishnan Chari ,  David M. Johnson ,  Charles M. Rankin ,  Glen C. Irvin

Inventor： Krishnan Chari ,  David M. Johnson ,  Charles M. Rankin ,  Glen C. Irvin

IPC: C09K19/52

CPC classification number: C09K19/0225 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  C09K19/52 ,  C09K19/54 ,  G02F1/13439 ,  G02F1/13718 ,  G02F2001/13775 ,  G02F2202/36 ,  G02F2203/02 ,  Y10T428/10 ,  Y10T428/1005 ,  Y10T428/1036

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high contrast reflective display comprising a substrate, at least one electronically modulated imaging layer, wherein the electronically modulated imaging layer comprises a uniformly thick, close-packed, ordered monolayer of domains of electrically modulated material in a fixed polymer matrix, at least one barrier layer, wherein the barrier layer is conductive in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, and at least one electrically conductive layer. The invention also relates to a method of making the display with a barrier layer comprising anisotropic particles and orienting the anisotropic conductor to produce a barrier layer conductive in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种高对比度反射显示器，其包括基底，至少一个电子调制成像层，其中电子调制成像层包含固定聚合物基质中电调制材料的均匀厚的，紧密堆积的有序单层的域 至少一个阻挡层，其中阻挡层在垂直于衬底的方向上是导电的，以及至少一个导电层。 本发明还涉及一种制造具有包含各向异性粒子的阻挡层并使各向异性导体定向以在垂直于衬底的方向上导电的阻挡层的显示器的方法。