Abstract:
A laser beam oscillated from a laser source is folded in its path by first and second plane mirrors and enters a beam expander. The surface of each plane mirror is deteriorated with illumination by the laser beam and the reflectance is reduced. To avoid a light quantity of the laser beam entering the beam expander from being reduced below a reference value, when the laser beam is illuminated over a certain time, a position on each of the first and second plane mirrors at which the laser beam is illuminated is changed by a structure for rotating and/or translating a reflecting surface of each plane mirror on a plane, which includes the plane mirror, while an optical axis is kept same. The useful life of each plane mirror can be prolonged without displacing the optical axis itself by overcoming the problem that when the laser beam is employed as the light source and a thin beam with a high illumination density is illuminated to the same position on each of the first and second plane mirrors for a long time, the surface of the plane mirror is deteriorated, the reflectance is reduced, and the light quantity cannot be held at a required level.
Abstract:
The present invention is to provide a method of producing an N-alkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylate containing a small amount of low boiling components, especially, containing a small amount of raw components, without any complicated operations or special apparatuses. The method of producing an N-alkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylate comprising the steps of: (A) performing the reaction between the (meth)acrylic acid ester and the N-alkylaminoalkyl alcohol in a presence of a catalyst to obtain a reaction solution containing the N-alkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylate; (B) distilling out components which have lower boiling points than the N-alkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylate from the reaction solution obtained by the step (A); and (C) distilling the N-alkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate; and further comprising the step of: (D) adjusting water concentration at a range from 0.01 to 1 wt %. in the reaction solution which is located after the step (A) and before the step (C).
Abstract:
The combination of powder coatings usable in a coating method comprising mixing two or more powder coatings of which each color is different, wherein each of the powder coatings fuses with each other and is heat-cured, to thereby give a coating film having a homogeneous hue. A powder coating composition comprising two or more powder coatings of which each color is different, wherein each of the powder coatings fuses with each other and is heat-cured, to thereby give a coating film having a homogeneous hue. A coating method comprising the steps of (a) applying to a substrate two or more powder coatings, of which each color is different; (b) heating to fuse with each other each of the two or more powder coatings applied in step (a); and (c) curing the resulting fused product in step (b), to give a coating film having a homogeneous hue.
Abstract:
An electrophotographic developer, such as a toner binder and a coating on a carrier, comprises a polyester having an acid value of 5 KOH mg/g or less and a hydroxyl value of 60 KOH mg/g or less, having a linear structure without crosslinking or a crosslinked structure provided by a monomer having three or more reactive groups. A toner having the polyester as a binder is effectively charged positively or negatively.
Abstract:
A multiple purpose instantaneous gas water heater comprises a combination of a larger combustion capacity type first burner with a smaller combustion capacity type second burner. Each of the burners can be controlled by a proportional combustion control method and/or an intermittent combustion control method. It is possible to combine these functions within a microcomputer system so as to use each or both burners selectively, or both together, so that it is possible to select water from a wide range of hot water temperatures or to select a target temperature.
Abstract:
A composite particle is constituted to include: an aluminum nitride particle; a first coating layer that contains α-alumina and coats at least a part of a region of a surface of the aluminum nitride particle; and a second coating layer that contains organic matter and coats a region other than the first coating layer of the surface of the aluminum nitride particle.
Abstract:
One embodiment provides a communication apparatus including: a first storage which stores connection information and an address; a connection information reading portion which reads connection information from the first storage upon reception of a packet transmission start instruction; a header generating portion which generates a header of a packet from the read connection information; a second storage which stores data at the address; and a data reading portion which reads data corresponding to the read connection information from the second storage, wherein the connection information reading portion is constituted by a first hardware, wherein the header generating and data reading portions are constituted by a second hardware, and wherein, while the data reading portion is reading data of a first packet or while the header generating portion is generating a header of the first packet, the connection information reading portion reads connection information of a second packet.
Abstract:
A laser beam oscillated from a laser source is folded in its path by first and second plane mirrors and enters a beam expander. The surface of each plane mirror is deteriorated with illumination by the laser beam and the reflectance is reduced. To avoid a light quantity of the laser beam entering the beam expander from being reduced below a reference value, when the laser beam is illuminated over a certain time, a position on each of the first and second plane mirrors at which the laser beam is illuminated is changed by a structure for rotating and/or translating a reflecting surface of each plane mirror on a plane, which includes the plane mirror, while an optical axis is kept same. Thus, the useful life of each plane mirror can be prolonged without displacing the optical axis.
Abstract:
To reduce the amount of lubricating oil released (supplied) between the outer circumferential surface of a rotation shaft and the inner circumferential surfaces of pads, so as to reduce the churning loss, and to reduce the bearing loss. The journal bearing comprises: a plurality of pads arranged radially inside a lower half-carrier ring at intervals, for receiving load from the rotation shaft; and a plurality of pad stops respectively arranged at the circumferentially opposite ends of the respective pads, for restraining circumferential movements of the respective pads, wherein, among these pad stops, the pad stops other than the pad stop located in the most forward position in the axial rotation direction of the rotation shaft have functions as oiling nozzles for releasing lubricating oil between the outer circumferential surface of the rotation shaft and the inner circumferential surfaces of the pads.
Abstract:
A laser beam oscillated from a laser source is folded in its path by first and second plane mirrors and enters a beam expander. The surface of each plane mirror is deteriorated with illumination by the laser beam and the reflectance is reduced. To avoid a light quantity of the laser beam entering the beam expander from being reduced below a reference value, when the laser beam is illuminated over a certain time, a position on each of the first and second plane mirrors at which the laser beam is illuminated is changed by a structure for rotating and/or translating a reflecting surface of each plane mirror on a plane, which includes the plane mirror, while an optical axis is kept same. Thus, the useful life of each plane mirror can be prolonged without displacing the optical axis.