摘要:
This air quantity estimation apparatus inputs an output quantity Vafm of an air flowmeter 61 disposed in an intake passage upstream of a compressor 91a to an AFM inverse model M1 to thereby estimate the flow rate (compressor-inflow-air flow rate) mcmi of air actually flowing into the compressor, which flow rate has been compensated for detection delay. This apparatus estimates the quantity of air introduced in a cylinder (cylinder-interior air quantity) Klfwd at a future time point after the present time point on the basis of the estimated actual compressor-inflow-air flow rate mcmi employed as a flow rate of air actually flowing out of the compressor at the present time point, and first and second air models M10 and M20 which describe the behavior of air within the intake passage downstream of the compressor in accordance with physical laws.
摘要:
This air quantity estimation apparatus includes models M2 to M7 which are configured on the basis of physical laws. The apparatus estimates pressure Pic and temperature Tic of air within the intercooler, by use of the compressor model M4 and the intercooler model M5, in consideration of a first energy Ecm, which a supercharger 91 (a compressor 91a) imparts to air supplied into an intercooler 45, and a second energy, which is exchanged between a wall of the intercooler and air within the intercooler. The apparatus estimates cylinder intake-air quantity KLfwd at a future point in time later than a present point in time based on the estimated pressure and the estimated temperature of air within the intercooler.
摘要:
A hologram record apparatus (100) includes a spatial light modulator (15) and a control device (18). The spatial light modulator (15) is arranged on an optical path of signal light (L1) and divided into a plurality of cell blocks (151) arranged in a matrix. Each of the cell blocks (151) is further divided into a plurality of cells (152) arranged in a matrix. The spatial light modulator (15) can perform modulation on the cell basis. The control device (18) controls the spatial light modulator so as to modulate the signal light according to a plurality of record information sets to be recorded on a hologram record medium (200). Pluralities of modulation units (153) existing in the same cell block are not made into identical patterns. Since a plurality of cell blocks having a large pitch as compared to the pixel pitch are simultaneously or successively turned on/off, it is possible to reduce the distance between the zeroth-order light and the higher-order light.
摘要:
A compatible hologram system has a supporting part for loadably supporting a recording medium made of a photosensitive material, a signal generating part for allowing a coherent beam modulated in response to predetermined data to enter the recording medium and providing a three-dimensional light interference pattern therewithin to produce a diffraction grating, and a data processing part for detecting reproduced data by diffracted light from the diffraction grating and demodulating the data to the predetermined data. The recording medium has a reference data area in which a reference diffraction grating corresponding to a three-dimensional light interference pattern of a coherent light beam modulated in response to reference data has been stored in advance, a sector data area in which sector data is recorded, and a user data area in which user data is recorded. The hologram system corrects the reproduced data in response to the reference data reproduced from the reference diffraction grating stored in the reference data area, the sector data reproduced from the sector area, and reference data provided within a reference memory of the data processing part, and demodulates the data to the predetermined data.
摘要:
An air quantity estimation apparatus for an internal combustion engine estimates intake pipe section pressure, which is pressure of air within an intake pipe section. When throttle valve opening is smaller than a threshold value, the apparatus estimates the intake pipe section pressure by use of an intercooler model constructed on the basis of conservation laws for air within the intercooler section and an intake pipe model constructed based on conservation laws for air within the intake pipe section. Meanwhile, when the throttle valve opening is greater than the threshold value, the apparatus estimates the intake pipe section pressure by use of an intercooler-intake pipe combined model constructed based on conservation laws for air within a combined section formed by combining the intercooler section and the intake pipe section. The apparatus estimates cylinder air quantity on the basis of the estimated intake pipe section pressure.
摘要:
There is provided wiring device for optical fiber capable of increasing the performance of construction work. A cover 2 is disposed in an aperture formed at front surface of the plug receptacle main body 1, the upper end thereof is rotatably supported to the plug receptacle main body 1, and a receptacle 3 is attached to the rear surface side of the cover 2. The receptacle 3 has a plug connection hole facing an outer surface side of a building at least at a used state and a plug connection portion into which a first optical-fiber plug being attached to the optical fiber cable wired to the inside of the building is inserted and connected, and optically connects the first optical fiber being connected to the plug connection portion and a second optical-fiber plug inserted from the outer surface side of the building through the plug connection hole. A notch 14 for inserting the first optical-fiber plug is formed at a sidewall 11b of the plug receptacle main body 1 which is located in the inserting direction of the optical fiber plug inserted and connected to the plug connection portion.
摘要:
There is provided wiring device for optical fiber capable of increasing the performance of connection work of an optical fiber cable without deteriorating a signal transmitting properties of the optical fiber cable. The wiring device comprise a plug receptacle main body which is mounted on a mounting opening opened in the outer surface of a building, a receptacle being provided to the plug receptacle main body and having a plug connection hole facing an outside of the plug receptacle main body, a winder including a winding body which has an outer circumferential surface of radius of curvature larger than the permitted minimum radius of curvature of an optical fiber cable wired to the inside of a building and connected to the receptacle and on which a core wire of the optical fiber cable is wound, and a retainer being provided on the plug receptacle main body to maintain the winder inner side of a building, in which the receptacle for optical fiber and the winder are arranged in parallel with each other in the front-back direction, and pressing pieces are formed integrally with the winder and the retainer for contacting the bent portion of the core wires to prevent the bent portion from being expanded.
摘要:
A ceramic slurry composition contains a mixture of a ceramic raw material powder, a water-soluble acrylic binder and water. A resin component of the water-soluble acrylic binder has a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000 to 500,000 and an inertial square radius in water of about 100 nm or less, and the alcohol content of the water-soluble acrylic binder is about 5% by weight or less when the resin content is 40% by weight. The pH of the ceramic slurry composition is preferably controlled to about 8.5 to 10
摘要:
A description is provided of an optical information recording and reproducing apparatus. The apparatus comprises: a holographic memory made of a photorefractive crystalline material; a support portion for detachably supporting the memory; a reference beam supplying portion for supplying a coherent reference beam of a first wavelength incident on the memory; a signal beam generating portion for supplying a coherent signal beam of the first wavelength, which is modulated in accordance with image data, incident on the memory, intersecting therein the signal beam with the reference beam, and generating a three-dimensional interference pattern of the beams; a detecting portion for detecting a diffracted light from a refractive index grating of the interference pattern in the memory, due to irradiation of the reference beam; and a medium position adjusting portion for moving a position of the support portion in accordance with a signal corresponding to positioning images from the detection portion. The memory includes a nonvolatile refractive index grating corresponding to a three-dimensional interference pattern of a coherent reference beam and a coherent signal beam, the coherent signal beam being modulated in accordance with positioning images.
摘要:
A process for producing a monolithic ceramic electronic component, which includes: providing a ceramic slurry, a conductive paste and a ceramic paste; forming a plurality of composite structures each comprising a ceramic green sheet produced by shaping the ceramic slurry, internal circuit element films formed by applying the conductive paste partially onto a main surface of the ceramic green sheet so as to provide step-like sections, and a ceramic green layer which compensates for spaces defined by the step-like sections, the ceramic green layer being formed by applying the ceramic paste onto the region on the main surface of the sheet on which the element films are not formed so as to substantially compensate for the spaces; forming a green laminate by laminating the composite structures; and firing the green laminate. A monolithic ceramic electronic component which is produced through the process; a ceramic paste; and a production process for the paste are also disclosed.