Magnetoresistive element having an adjacent-bias layer and a toggle writing scheme

    公开(公告)号:US11444239B1

    公开(公告)日:2022-09-13

    申请号:US17187864

    申请日:2021-02-28

    摘要: A magnetoresistive element using combined spin-transfer-torque controlled magnetic bias and VCMA effects comprising a free layer and an adjacent-bias layer separated by a nonmagnetic spacing layer, wherein the free layer has an interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a variable magnetization direction substantially perpendicular to a film surface, the adjacent-bias layer has a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a variable magnetization direction substantially perpendicular to a film surface, and the perpendicular anisotropy of the free layer is sufficiently higher than that of the adjacent-bias layer such that the critical switching current to reverse the free layer magnetization direction is at least 3 times as high as the critical switching current to reverse the adjacent-bias layer magnetization direction. Further, there is provided a toggle writing method of the perpendicular magnetoresistive element comprises: applying a first write pulse having a first voltage magnitude and a first pulse width to reverse the adjacent-bias layer magnetization direction to be anti-parallel to the free layer magnetization direction by spin-transfer-torque effect, and applying a second write pulse having a second voltage magnitude and a second pulse width to reverse the free layer magnetization direction to be parallel to the adjacent-bias layer magnetization direction by voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect under the magnetic dipole bias field from the adjacent-bias layer.

    MAGNETORESISTIVE ELEMENT HAVING A COMPOSITE RECORDING STRUCTURE

    公开(公告)号:US20220238799A1

    公开(公告)日:2022-07-28

    申请号:US17160349

    申请日:2021-01-27

    IPC分类号: H01L43/12 H01L43/10 H01L43/02

    摘要: A method of forming a bottom-pinned magnetoresistive element comprising a composite recording structure that includes a first magnetic free layer and a second magnetic free layer containing Ni atoms, separated by an oxide spacing layer. The first magnetic free layer is Ni-free and the first magnetic free layer and the second magnetic free layer are magnetically parallel-coupled. A magnetic STT-enhancing structure is further provided atop the cap layer, wherein the magnetic STT-enhancing structure comprises a first magnetic material layer atop the cap layer and having a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and an invariable magnetization anti-parallel to the magnetization direction of the reference layer, a second anti-ferromagnetic coupling (AFC) layer atop the first magnetic material layer, and a second magnetic material layer atop the second AFC layer.

    Composite multi-stack seed layer to improve PMA for perpendicular magnetic pinning

    公开(公告)号:US11316102B2

    公开(公告)日:2022-04-26

    申请号:US16865810

    申请日:2020-05-04

    摘要: The invention comprises a novel composite multi-stack seed layer (CMSL) having lattice constant matched crystalline structure with the Co layer in above perpendicular magnetic pinning layer (pMPL) so that an excellent epitaxial growth of magnetic super lattice pinning layer [Co/(Pt, Pd or Ni)]n along its FCC (111) orientation can be achieved, resulting in a significant enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) for perpendicular spin-transfer-torque magnetic-random-access memory (pSTT-MRAM) using perpendicular magnetoresistive elements as basic memory cells which potentially replace the conventional semiconductor memory used in electronic chips, especially mobile chips for power saving and non-volatility.

    Multivalent pharmacophores for high avidity and overexpressed-target specific binding and uses thereof

    公开(公告)号:US20210230248A1

    公开(公告)日:2021-07-29

    申请号:US16752644

    申请日:2020-01-25

    申请人: Jun Chen

    发明人: Jun Chen

    IPC分类号: C07K14/705

    摘要: Overexpression of a variety of cell surface markers in cancer cells and/or non-cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment is an important hallmark for many types of cancers and is associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis. This invention provides multivalent pharmacophores for high avidity and specific binding to these overexpressed markers with much reduced binding to normally-expressed targets in healthy tissues. Further, the pharmacophores will not be interfered by soluble targets present in the circulatory systems and in tumor microenvironment. This new class of targeting therapeutics and diagnostics will provide better efficacy in cancer treatment and higher accuracy in cancer diagnosis than the currently available therapeutic and diagnostic means. This invention will also expand the range of targets that can be targeted in both cancer treatment and diagnosis, and more types of cancers can be treated target-specifically. Other diseases that have overexpressed cell surface markers in diseased cells will also be benefitted from this invention.

    Method and apparatus for realizing community federation

    公开(公告)号:US10063512B2

    公开(公告)日:2018-08-28

    申请号:US13635080

    申请日:2011-11-23

    IPC分类号: H04L12/58

    CPC分类号: H04L51/32 H04L51/24

    摘要: A method for implementing community federation is disclosed, including: establishing community federation containing information of a plurality of social networks (SN) of a user on a device, and configuring a processing policy of the community federation; and after logging on the community federation, the community federation managing a message according to the process policy. An apparatus for implementing community federation is also disclosed. Through the above-mentioned method and apparatus, it guarantees that the content data obtain sufficient sharing in the community federation, eliminates the “garden wall” among the communities, and enables the user personal information, the message content, the friend information, etc., to flow better and faster, and improves the user experience in the service application.

    Excitation control circuit, control method and electrically excited wind power system having the same
    68.
    发明授权
    Excitation control circuit, control method and electrically excited wind power system having the same 有权
    励磁控制电路,控制方法和电激励风力发电系统

    公开(公告)号:US09257929B2

    公开(公告)日:2016-02-09

    申请号:US13619697

    申请日:2012-09-14

    摘要: The present invention provides an excitation control circuit, a control method using the same and an electrically excited wind power system having the same. The excitation control circuit comprises at least one converter and at least one AC/DC conversion module. The converter is located between an AC electric grid and a wind power generator, so as to convert AC power generated by the wind power generator into AC power corresponding to the AC electric grid. The input side of the AC/DC conversion module is electrically connected between the converter and the wind power generator, and the output side is coupled to an excitation device. The AC/DC conversion module is used to convert the AC power from the wind power generator into a DC voltage, and provides an excitation current for the wind power generator using the DC voltage.

    摘要翻译: 本发明提供一种励磁控制电路,使用该励磁控制电路的控制方法和具有该励磁控制电路的电励磁风力发电系统。 激励控制电路包括至少一个转换器和至少一个AC / DC转换模块。 转换器位于交流电网和风力发电机之间,以将由风力发电机产生的交流电转换为对应于交流电网的交流电力。 AC / DC转换模块的输入侧电连接在转换器和风力发电机之间,输出侧耦合到励磁装置。 AC / DC转换模块用于将风力发电机的交流电转换为直流电压,并使用直流电压为风力发电机提供励磁电流。

    Method, system and device for transmitting downlink pilots
    69.
    发明授权
    Method, system and device for transmitting downlink pilots 有权
    用于传输下行导频的方法,系统和设备

    公开(公告)号:US09172516B2

    公开(公告)日:2015-10-27

    申请号:US13504955

    申请日:2010-11-01

    IPC分类号: H04L5/00 H04L27/26

    摘要: A method, apparatus and system for downlink pilot transmission solve the problem of power differences among OFDM symbols caused by Walsh Codes. The transmission method is that dedicated pilots are transmitted in the manner of code division multiplexing (CDM) or hybrid of CDM and frequency division multiplexing (FDM), wherein the dedicated pilots are configured with orthogonal sequence sets according to a preset frequency-domain granularity and rules on the resources for transmitting the dedicated pilots, and the same orthogonal sequence set is employed for the dedicated pilots in each frequency-domain granularity.

    摘要翻译: 用于下行链路导频传输的方法,装置和系统解决了沃尔什码产生的OFDM符号之间的功率差异问题。 传输方法是专用导频以码分复用(CDM)或CDM和频分复用(FDM)的混合方式发送,其中专用导频根据预设的频域粒度配置有正交序列集, 用于发送专用导频的资源的规则以及相同的正交序列集合用于每个频域粒度中的专用导频。

    Organic/inorganic hybrid optical amplifier with wavelength conversion
    70.
    发明授权
    Organic/inorganic hybrid optical amplifier with wavelength conversion 有权
    有机/无机混合光放大器,具有波长转换

    公开(公告)号:US09082922B2

    公开(公告)日:2015-07-14

    申请号:US13817284

    申请日:2011-08-16

    摘要: A device and related fabrication method is provided for an organic/inorganic hybrid optical amplifier with a function of converting infrared light to visible light. The hybrid device integrates an inorganic heterojunction phototransistor (HPT), an embedded metal electrode mirror with a dual function as an optical mirror and charge injection electrode, and an organic light emitting diode (OLED). This integrated optical amplifier is capable of amplifying the incoming light and producing light emission with a power greater than that of the incoming signal. In the second aspect of the invention, the optical amplifier is capable of detecting an incoming infrared electromagnetic wave and converting the wave back to a visible light wave. The optical device has dual functions of optical power amplification and photon energy up-conversion. The optical amplifier device consists of an InGaAs/InP based HPT structure as photodetector, gold-coated metals as embedded mirror and a top-emission OLED. New optical up-conversion imaging devices are also provided that include focal-point array of the organic/inorganic hybrid optical amplifier devices in pixelated formats. The up-conversion imaging devices have a fast response time to enable gated operation for practical applications such as night vision, active surveillance, semiconductor wafer inspection and eye-safe infrared imaging. More importantly, the up-conversion imaging devices would be particularly useful for detecting ultra-low intensity infrared scenes.

    摘要翻译: 提供了一种具有将红外光转换成可见光的功能的有机/无机混合光放大器的装置及相关制造方法。 该混合器件集成了无机异质结光电晶体管(HPT),作为光学反射镜和电荷注入电极以及有机发光二极管(OLED)的双重功能的嵌入式金属电极镜。 该集成光放大器能够放大入射光并产生具有大于输入信号的功率的光发射。 在本发明的第二方面中,光放大器能够检测输入的红外电磁波并将波转换回可见光波。 光学器件具有光功率放大和光子能量上变换的双重功能。 光放大器装置由基于InGaAs / InP的HPT结构作为光电检测器,镀金属作为嵌入式反射镜和顶部发射OLED。 还提供了新的光学上转换成像装置,其包括像素化格式的有机/无机混合光放大器装置的焦点阵列。 上转换成像装置具有快速的响应时间,以便在诸如夜视,主动监视,半导体晶片检查和眼睛安全的红外成像之类的实际应用中实现门控操作。 更重要的是,上转换成像装置对于检测超低强度红外场景特别有用。