摘要:
A phase-separated polymer electrolyte membrane is provided which has a low degree of swelling in water and methanol, excels in resistance to water and methanol, and has high methanol barrier property and a low membrane resistance. An electrode-phase-separated polymer electrolyte membrane joint using the membrane, a method for manufacturing the membrane and joint, and a fuel cell using them are also provided. There is provided a polymer electrolyte membrane having two phases: a domain phase comprising an electrolyte polymer (a) and a matrix phase comprising a polymer (b) that inhibits swelling of component (a), the membrane also having a three-dimensional structure that can conduct protons and substantially connects the domains of (a).
摘要:
The present invention provides an electrolyte membrane capable of inhibiting permeation of water, methanol or other electrolyte solutions, permeation of hydrogen and oxygen gas, and swelling caused by electrolyte solution, and having superior mechanical strength, a production process thereof and a membrane-electrode assembly and fuel cell using that electrolyte membrane. The electrolyte membrane has a porous base material having a plurality of pores, and a proton-conducting polymer composition retained in said pores, wherein the proton-conducting polymer composition contains an aromatic hydrocarbon resin having protonic acid groups, free water contained in the electrolyte membrane at 25° C. is present at 0.5 molecules or less per each of the protonic acid groups, bound water contained in the electrolyte membrane at 25° C. is present at 1 molecule or less for each of the protonic acid groups, proton conductivity of the electrolyte membrane in water at 25° C. is 0.001 S/cm or more, and methanol permeability of the electrolyte membrane in 30% by weight methanol at 25° C. is 50 (kg·μm/m2·h) or less.
摘要:
An air-fuel ratio feedback control range is enlarged to improve exhaust purification performance and output stability. In one aspect, an air-fuel ratio control apparatus of an internal combustion engine comprises an air-fuel ratio sensor capable of detecting an air-fuel ratio across both lean and rich ranges with a theoretical air-fuel ratio interposed therebetween. Feedback control is performed so as to bring an actual air-fuel into a target air-fuel ratio at least in a predetermined operational range on the basis of a detected value of the air-fuel ratio sensor. Even in a range where the air-fuel ratio is made richer than the theoretical air-fuel ratio, the target air-fuel ratio is set to be richer, and the air-fuel ratio feedback control may still be executed.
摘要:
A semiconductor device includes: a first nitride semiconductor layer having at least one projection on an upper surface thereof; a second nitride semiconductor layer formed on a top surface of the projection of the first nitride semiconductor layer and having a higher carrier concentration than the first nitride semiconductor layer; a first electrode formed on the second nitride semiconductor layer so as to overhang like a canopy and functioning as one of a source and a drain; and a second electrode formed to the side of the projection on the first nitride semiconductor layer and functioning as a gate.
摘要:
The present invention provides an electrolyte membrane in which permeation of an electrolyte solution such as water and methanol, and swelling by electrolyte solutions are suppressed, and which is excellent in mechanical strength; and providing a preparing method thereof. The present invention relates to an electrolyte membrane comprising a porous substrate with a plurality of pores and a proton conductive polymer composition held in the pores, wherein the proton conductive polymer composition contains an aromatic hydrocarbon resin having proton acid groups, preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon resin selected from a group consisting of polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyarylate, polyamide imide, polyetherimide, polyimide, polyquinoline, and polyquinoxaline.
摘要:
A bit phase difference detecting device applicable to, for example, a digital microwave communications system for channel switching. The device detects a difference in phase difference between two identical data sequences each being transmitted over a respective one of two independent transmission paths. Each of the data sequences is serial-to-parallel converted into bit sequences, the number of which is equal to a predetermined common measure of the frame period of the data sequences. Comparators and decision circuits associated one-to-one with the comparators are provided for individually detecting differences in bit phase between those bit sequences derived from one data sequence and those derived from the other data sequence which correspond to each other with respect to order.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing a device is provided, in which a known quantity of a reagent is reliably immobilized in a reaction field, which can be stored at room temperature, and with which the performance of a real-time PCR apparatus can be correctly evaluated. The method is a method for manufacturing a device having at least one well, in which a specific number of copies of a nucleic acid in the at least one well are immobilized in a reaction field. The method includes a nucleic acid extraction step of extracting the nucleic acid with an enzyme and a drying deactivation step of deactivating the enzyme by drying at 5° C. to 45° C.
摘要:
Provided is a liquid discharging head including: a membranous member including a discharging port through which a liquid is discharged; and a displacement member disposed at membranous member's one side at which the liquid to be discharged through the discharging port is provided and configured to displace a position of the membranous member to cause the liquid to be discharged through the discharging port.
摘要:
A document analysis apparatus comprises: a feature expression acquisition unit acquiring a feature expression appearing during an attention period in an analysis object document collection; a document collection acquisition unit acquiring a feature expression containing document (FECD) collection in which a feature expression appears, from an analysis population including an analysis object document collection; a context determination unit specifying an analysis/FECD corresponding to an analysis object document among a FECD collection for every feature expression, and specifies a context in which the feature expression appeared in multiple analysis/FECDs; a context comparison determination unit specifying a non analysis/FECD not corresponding to an analysis object document among a FECD collection, and within that, compares a context in which the feature expression has appeared and a context specified previously; and a feature degree setting unit performing giving or the like of a feature degree to a feature expression from the comparison.
摘要:
Described are a reputation analysis device, reputation analysis method, and reputation analysis-use program capable of suitably analyzing temporal changes in reputation for an object indicated by a keyword. The disclosed reputation analysis device is provided with a voluntary activity description extraction means for extracting descriptions representing voluntary activity related to an object indicated by a keyword that has been input from within a plurality of documents; and a reputation chronological data estimation means for counting the number of occurrences of voluntary activity at each time point wherein the voluntary activity expressed by a description representing the voluntary activity related to the object has been performed, and estimating reputation chronological data for chronologically representing evaluations for the object by the agents of the voluntary activity.