摘要:
Receivers 14 and 16 comprise mixers 14b and 16b for mixing reception signals of receiver antennas 14a and 16a with a transmission signal to generate beat signals B1 and B2, respectively. Signal processing section 20 performs the Fourier transformation of beat signals B1 and B2 supplied from receivers 14 and 16 to obtain the phases of beat signals B1 and B2 and then obtain the azimuth based on the difference of these phases.
摘要:
An FM-CW radar which is suitable for automotive anti-collision systems, for example, is provided. This radar outputs a radar signal in the form of a triangular wave whose frequency is increased at a given rate and decreased at a given rate. A receiver receives a wave reflected from a target to produce a beat signal and takes the Fourier transform of the beat signal to determine peak frequency components thereof showing peaks in a frequency spectrum. The receiver also determines phases of the peak frequency components and selects at least one from the peak frequency components in a frequency-rising range wherein the frequency of the radar signal is increased and at least one from the peak frequency components in a frequency-falling range wherein the frequency of the radar signal is decreased which show substantially the same phase to pair them for determining the distance to and relative speed of the target based on the frequency of the paired peak frequency components.
摘要:
A liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing a chiral smectic liquid crystal between a pair of substrates each provided with an electrode and a uniaxial alignment film. The chiral smectic liquid crystal is placed in such a quasi-smectic A alignment state that the liquid crystal molecules will have a single average molecular axis under no electric field application on a lower temperature side within chiral smectic C phase range, wherein the single average molecular axis can be confirmed as a position providing the darkest state when observed through cross nicol polarizers. Such a quasi-smectic A alignment state is effective in providing a liquid crystal device (or display apparatus) having an improved shock resistance and a good low-temperature storage properties.
摘要:
A liquid crystal device showing improved uniform alignment characteristic and switching characteristic is constituted by a pair of an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed between the upper and lower substrates. Each of the upper and lower substrates has thereon an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal and a uniaxial alignment film. The alignment films on the upper and lower substrates are provided with uniaxial alignment axes which cross each other so that the direction of crossing of the uniaxial alignment axes from the lower substrate to the upper substrate is identical to the direction of helical twist in cholesteric phase of the chiral smectic liquid crystal, and the chiral smectic liquid crystal is disposed in such an alignment state that the liquid crystal shows a pretilt angle .alpha., a cone angle H, an inclination angle .delta. of SmC.sup.* layer, and an apparent tilt angle .theta.a satisfying relationships of: H .theta.a>H/2. The crossing direction may preferably have a polarity (taken as "positive" in clockwise direction and "negative" in anticlockwise direction) which is the same as the polarity of the spontaneous polarization of the liquid crystal.
摘要翻译:显示出改善的均匀取向特性和切换特性的液晶装置由一对上基板和下基板以及设置在上基板和下基板之间的手性近晶液晶构成。 上基板和下基板都具有用于向液晶施加电压的电极和单轴取向膜。 上基板和下基板上的取向膜具有彼此交叉的单轴对准轴,使得单轴对准轴从下基板到上基板的交叉方向与胆甾醇相的螺旋扭转方向相同 手性近晶液晶和手性近晶液晶以这样的取向状态设置,使得液晶显示预倾角α,锥角+ E,crc / H /,SmC *层的倾斜角度δ,以及 满足以下关系的明显倾斜角θa:+ E,crc / H /α+δ和+ E,crc / H />θa> + E,crc / H / / 2。 交叉方向可以优选地具有与液晶的自发极化的极性相同的极性(顺时针方向为“正”,逆时针方向为“负”)。
摘要:
An image forming apparatus having a sheet storing unit for storing sheets therein along a bottom of a body of the apparatus, a sheet feeding mechanism for feeding the sheets stored in the sheet storing unit one by one toward a rear side of the body, a sheet path for leading each sheet fed by the sheet feeding mechanism upward, an image forming unit for forming an image on the sheet traveling in the sheet path, and a sheet ejecting unit for ejecting the image-formed sheet toward a front side of the body onto a sheet receiving portion disposed on an upper side of the body. The image forming unit is made as a cartridge containing a photosensitive member, a developing device, a transferring device and a cleaner. The cartridge is mounted in a holder which is movable between a cartridge exchange position and a set position.
摘要:
Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein W represents a sulfur atom and X represents a group of formula --N(R.sup.1)--, or W represents a group of formula --N(R.sup.1)-- and X represents a sulfur atom; R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl or aralkyl; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or aromatic heterocyclic; R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl or aralkyl; and A is alkylene which is optionally substituted by carboxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, have a valuable vasodilatory activity.
摘要:
A developing apparatus is arranged to supply toner onto the surface of a developing sleeve to form on it, a thin layer of toner triboelectrically charged by a restricting member, and to feed the toner layer onto an electrostatic latent image holding member having an electrostatic latent image formed on it for developing the latent image. At least part or all of the surface layer of the developing sleeve is formed by a mixed material mainly composed of crystalline polyamide resin and non-crystalline polyamide resin.
摘要:
A lockable slider for a slide fastener is disclosed which essentially comprises a slider body having a conneting neck or diamond and including an upper and a lower wing member defining therebetween a guide channel for the passage of slide fastener stringers and a locking member resiliently supported within the slider body. A switching means including a cam is provided for alternately locking and unlocking the slider with respect to the slide fastener, the cam being engageable with the locking member to move its locking prong portion away from the guide channel.
摘要:
An internal combustion engine including a first turbocharger operated at all intake air quantities and a second turbocharger operated only at large air intake air quantities, an intake switching valve located downstream of the compressor of the second turbocharger, an exhaust switching valve located downstream of the turbine of the second turbocharger, and an exhaust bypass valve for bypassing the exhaust switching valve. For the purpose of running-up the second turbocharger before the operation is changed from a "one-turbocharger-operation" to a "two-turbocharger-operation", the exhaust bypass valve is partially opened and then the amount by which the exhaust bypass valve is opened is gradually increased until it is fully opened so that any torque shock accompanying the operational change is effectively suppressed.
摘要:
A determination is made as to which one of plural objects is proximate a region having a coil therein. Each object includes a tuned circuit having a different resonant frequency. AC energy at the different resonant frequencies is supplied to the coil. The tuned circuit on the particular object in the region having substantially the same resonant frequency as the AC energy supplied to the coil causes a change in the current flowing in the coil at the same resonant frequency. The change in the current flowing in the coil at the same resonant frequency is sensed. In response to the current change at the same resonant frequency the particular object having the tuned circuit with the same resonant frequency as the frequency of the applied AC energy is indicated with a phase detector arrangement responsive to the changed current flowing in the coil at the same resonant frequency and a reference wave at the same resonant frequency. The phase detector arrangement derives indications of the polarities of the phase of quadrature components of the changed current relative to the reference wave and indicates the durations of the polarities relative to predetermined values therefor.