公开(公告)号：US07375359B1

公开(公告)日：2008-05-20

申请号：US11440570

申请日：2006-05-25

申请人： Lee Grodzins

发明人： Lee Grodzins

IPC分类号： G01N23/223

CPC分类号： G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076

摘要： An instrument and method for measuring the elemental composition of a test material. The instrument has a source of penetrating radiation for irradiating an irradiated region of the test material, a detector for detecting fluorescence emission by the test material and for generating a detector signal, and a controller for converting the detector signal into a spectrum characterizing the composition of the test material. A platen of attenuating material extends outward from adjacent to, and surrounding, the irradiated surface of the test material. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the attenuating platen is tapered with increasing radial distance from the central irradiated region of the test material.

摘要翻译： 用于测量测试材料的元素组成的仪器和方法。 仪器具有用于照射测试材料的照射区域的穿透辐射源，用于检测测试材料的荧光发射和产生检测器信号的检测器，以及用于将检测器信号转换成表征组成的光谱的控制器 测试材料。 衰减材料的压板从测试材料的照射表面的相邻并且围绕其向外延伸。 在某些实施例中，衰减台板的厚度随着与测试材料的中心照射区域的径向距离的增加而逐渐变细。

公开(公告)号：US20070272874A1

公开(公告)日：2007-11-29

申请号：US11442638

申请日：2006-05-26

申请人： Lee Grodzins

发明人： Lee Grodzins

IPC分类号： G01T3/06

CPC分类号： G01T3/06 ,  G01T1/2018

摘要： An apparatus for selective radiation detection includes a neutron detector that facilitates detection of neutron emitters, e.g. plutonium, and the like; a gamma ray detector that facilitates detection of gamma ray sources, e.g., uranium, and the like. The apparatus comprises a first light guide, optically coupled to a first optical detector; a second light guide, optically coupled to a second optical detector a sheet of neutron scintillator, opaque for incoming optical photons, said sheet of neutron scintillator sandwiched between the first and the second light guides. The second light guide comprises a gamma ray scintillator material.

摘要翻译： 用于选择性辐射检测的装置包括中子探测器，其有助于检测中子发射器，例如， 钚等; 有助于检测伽马射线源（例如铀等）的伽马射线检测器。 该装置包括光学耦合到第一光学检测器的第一光导; 第二光导，光耦合到第二光学检测器，一片中子闪烁体，对于入射的光子光不透明，所述中子闪烁体片夹在第一和第二光导之间。 第二光导包括伽马射线闪烁体材料。

公开(公告)号：US20060251211A1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-09

申请号：US11370249

申请日：2006-03-07

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Peter Rothschild ,  Louis Perich ,  David Montion ,  David Hotham

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Peter Rothschild ,  Louis Perich ,  David Montion ,  David Hotham

IPC分类号： G01N23/04

CPC分类号： G01N23/02 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01V5/0016 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G01V5/0041 ,  G21K5/10

摘要： A system for inspecting an enclosure. A source generates a beam of penetrating radiation that is characterized, at each instant of time, by a power spectrum of intensity as a function of energy. A first module conveys the source along the length of the enclosure while a detector, coupled so as to move in coordination with the first module, detects the beam of penetrating radiation after the beam interacts with the object and generating a detector signal. A beam shaper modifies the instantaneous power spectrum of the beam of penetrating radiation. The first module and the detector may be coupled by a gantry straddling the enclosure. Other modules may be coupled to move with the first module.

摘要翻译： 用于检查外壳的系统。 源产生穿透辐射束，其特征在于每个时刻，通过作为能量的函数的强度的功率谱。 第一模块沿着壳体的长度传送源，同时耦合以与第一模块协调移动的检测器在光束与对象相互作用并产生检测器信号之后检测穿透辐射束。 光束整形器修改穿透辐射束的瞬时功率谱。 第一模块和检测器可以通过跨过外壳的台架联接。 其他模块可以耦合以与第一模块一起移动。

公开(公告)号：USRE37899E1

公开(公告)日：2002-11-05

申请号：US09456636

申请日：1999-12-08

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Charles G. Parsons

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Charles G. Parsons

IPC分类号： G01N2301

CPC分类号： G01N23/046 ,  G01N23/20083 ,  G01N2223/419

摘要： A method is disclosed for obtaining the density distributions of three-dimensional elements that compose objects or groups of objects, by examining the objects with beams of x-rays or gamma radiation that are transmitted through the object in a plurality of approximately parallel paths and measuring the intensity of the radiation, scattered approximately perpendicular to the parallel paths, in arrays of detectors around the object. The energy of the x-rays or gamma rays is such that dominant interaction in the object is Compton scattering. The density of each element is determined from the totality of measurements by standard mathematical tomographic or relaxation techniques of data manipulation.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于通过用多个近似平行的路径透过物体的x射线或伽马射线束检测物体来获得构成物体或物体组的三维元件的密度分布的方法，并测量 在物体周围的检测器阵列中辐射的强度大致垂直于平行路径散射。 X射线或γ射线的能量使得物体中的主要相互作用是康普顿散射。 每个元素的密度由数据操纵的标准数学断层扫描或放松技术的测量总数确定。

公开(公告)号：US06459761B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-01

申请号：US09502093

申请日：2000-02-10

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Peter Rothschild

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Peter Rothschild

IPC分类号： G01N2306

CPC分类号： G01N23/20 ,  G01N23/02 ,  G01V5/0041

摘要： A system and methods for non-invasive x-ray inspection of an enclosure in such a manner as to reduce the ambient radiation dose to below a specified level. A beam spectrally filtered to emphasize a high-energy component of penetrating radiation is interleaved, temporally, with a beam dominated by a low-energy component. Thus both lightly loaded and heavily loaded cargo may be inspected while limiting the ambient scattered radiation.

摘要翻译： 用于将环境辐射剂量降低到低于指定水平的方式对外壳进行非侵入式x射线检查的系统和方法。 光束滤波以强调穿透辐射的高能量分量的光束在时间上以由低能量分量为主的光束交错。 因此，可以在限制环境散射辐射的同时检查轻装载和重载货物。

公开(公告)号：US06356620B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-12

申请号：US09625686

申请日：2000-07-26

申请人： Peter Rothschild ,  Lee Grodzins

发明人： Peter Rothschild ,  Lee Grodzins

IPC分类号： G21K510

CPC分类号： A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/4021 ,  G21K1/043

摘要： A method and apparatus for producing a scanned beam of penetrating radiation. A beam of particles illuminates a portion of a target, the illuminated portion comprising a focal spot having a centroid. Illumination of the target creates a beam of penetrating radiation such as x-rays. The beam of particles is swept across the target in such a manner that the centroid of the focal spot lies on a line defined by the instantaneous direction of the beam of penetrating radiation as defined, in turn, by a collimating path.

摘要翻译： 一种用于产生扫描的穿透辐射束的方法和装置。 粒子束照射目标的一部分，照明部分包括具有质心的焦点。 目标的照明产生穿透辐射束，例如x射线。 颗粒束以这样的方式扫过目标，使得焦点的质心位于由穿透辐射束的瞬时方向限定的线上，如由定义的路径所限定的。

公开(公告)号：US06320933B1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-20

申请号：US09448721

申请日：1999-11-24

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  William Adams

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  William Adams

IPC分类号： G01B1502

CPC分类号： G01N23/20

摘要： A system and a method for determining the density of an object. The intensity of x-rays backscattered from the object is measured by at least two backscatter detectors disposed at different distances from the intersection of an incident x-ray beam with the plane of the detectors. At least one of detectors is sensitive only to x-rays that have scattered more than once in the object, the ratio of scattered x-rays measured by the detectors being a function of the density of the scattering medium.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定物体密度的系统和方法。 通过设置在与入射的X射线束与检测器的平面的交点不同的距离处的至少两个后向散射检测器来测量从物体反向散射的x射线的强度。 检测器中的至少一个仅对在物体中散射多于一次的X射线敏感，由检测器测量的散射x射线的比率是散射介质的密度的函数。

公开(公告)号：US6081580A

公开(公告)日：2000-06-27

申请号：US149204

申请日：1998-09-08

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  William L. Adams

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  William L. Adams

IPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01N23/201

CPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/046 ,  G01V5/0016 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G01V5/005 ,  G01V5/0058 ,  G01N2223/419

摘要： A tomography system for analyzing an object concealed within an enveloping surface. The system has multiple beams of penetrating radiation, each beam disposed with a distinct orientation with respect to the enveloping surface. Detectors are provided for measuring radiation backscattered by the contents of the enveloping surface and for measuring radiation transmitted through the enveloping surface. The enveloping surface is moved with respect to the multiple beams, and a timer provides for measurement of a time difference between the appearance of features in signals of respective detectors, allowing geometrical characteristics of the features to be determined and displayed.

摘要翻译： 用于分析隐藏在包络表面内的物体的断层摄影系统。 该系统具有多个穿透辐射束，每个光束相对于包络表面具有不同的取向。 提供检测器用于测量由包络表面的内容物反向散射的辐射，并用于测量透过包络表面的辐射。 包围表面相对于多个波束移动，并且定时器提供测量各个检测器的信号中的特征的出现之间的时间差，允许确定和显示特征的几何特征。

公开(公告)号：US4920270A

公开(公告)日：1990-04-24

申请号：US94192

申请日：1987-09-08

申请人： Lee Grodzins

发明人： Lee Grodzins

IPC分类号： G01N1/22 ,  G01T1/167 ,  G01T1/178 ,  G01T1/204 ,  G01T7/02

CPC分类号： G01T1/178 ,  G01T1/204 ,  Y10S250/02

摘要： Detection and quantitative measurement of the radioactive isotope of .sup.222 Rn, as encountered in air in habitats is accomplished in a passive detection system in which the radon at the test site is adsorbed into an adsorbent, e.g. activated charcoal, held in a vial made especially for liquid scintillation counting, and the radon is subsequently desorbed into a liquid scintillation desorbent placed in the same vial and the counting of the radon activity in the vial is accomplished by liquid scintillation techniques.