摘要:
1,3-Benzodioxol derivatives, the new compounds, represented by the formula: ##STR1## AND THE PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACCEPTABLE ACID-ADDITION SALTS THEREOF ARE PROVIDED, WHEREIN R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are lower alkyls or the both together may form a divalent alkylene, R.sub.3 is a lower alkyl, phenyl, halogen-substituted phenyl or benzhydryl group, n is an integer of 2 or 3, and X stands for carbonyl (CO) or methylene (CH.sub.2) bridge. The compounds in which X stands for the methylene exhibit durable anti-histamic activity with low toxicity, and are useful for therapeutic purposes, while the compounds in which X stands for the carbonyl bridge are easily convertible by reduction into the former compounds.
摘要:
The present invention provides a high-corrosion-resistance hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent appearance uniformity. The steel sheet includes: a coating layer containing Al: 4 to 22 mass %, Mg: 1 to 6 mass %, and Si: 0.001 to 1 mass %, and a balance being composed of Zn and inevitable impurities formed on a surface, in which at an interface between the coating layer and a base steel sheet, Mg2Si phases and Ca phases each mainly composed of Ca or a Ca compound exist, and at least part of the Mg2Si phases precipitate by using the Ca phases as a nucleus.
摘要:
An apparatus controls an internal combustion engine provided with an EGR device having an EGR passage and an EGR valve that is provided in the EGR passage and can adjust an EGR amount. This apparatus includes a controller that estimates state parameters of the internal combustion engine that affect the behavior of the EGR gas within a predetermined period of time; sets constraints on the EGR amount within the predetermined period on the basis of an approximated dynamics obtained by approximating a true dynamics, which is a transition of the EGR amount within the predetermined period, so that approximated values do not exceed the true dynamics; determines a target value of the EGR amount according to the estimated state parameters within a range of the EGR amount on which the constraints that have been set; and controls the EGR valve so that the EGR amount becomes the determined target value.
摘要:
A vehicle integrated control device that can request torque having an appropriate magnitude and change speed to be given to an engine control unit from a drive system manager. A first maximum torque and a second maximum torque are presented to a drive system manager from an engine control unit. The drive system manager refers to the first maximum torque and the second maximum torque which are presented, and determines a request torque to be given to the engine control unit. The first maximum torque is a maximum torque that can be realized when only an operation amount of a throttle is actively changed without actively changing an operation amount of a wastegate valve. The second maximum torque is a maximum torque that can be realized when both the operation amount of the throttle and the operation amount of the wastegate valve are actively changed.
摘要:
An object of the present invention is to enable monitoring whether a target throttle opening degree to be given to an electronically controlled throttle is not out of an appropriate range, in a controller for an internal combustion engine with a supercharger. To this end, in a controller according to the present invention, propriety of the target throttle opening degree is confirmed with a reference throttle opening degree as a reference by a monitoring device. The target throttle opening degree is calculated based on a target intake air quantity and a measured value or an estimated value of a supercharging pressure by using an inverse model of an air model expressing a dynamic relation that is established among the supercharging pressure, a throttle opening degree and an intake air quantity, by a first arithmetic unit. The reference throttle opening degree is calculated based on the target intake air quantity and a measured value or an estimated value of an atmospheric pressure by using a relational expression that is established between the intake air quantity and an intake pipe pressure in a steady state, and a relational expression that is established among a throttle upstream pressure, the intake pipe pressure and a throttle flow rate in a steady state, by a second arithmetic unit.
摘要:
An object of this invention is, with respect to a torque-demand-control type controller that subjects two kinds of actuators provided upstream and downstream in an intake passage to coordinated operations based on a requested torque for an internal combustion engine, to enable realization of a pulse-like torque change in a torque decreasing direction that is requested, for example, when performing an upshift operation in an electronically controlled automatic transmission. To achieve this object, according to a controller for an internal combustion engine of this invention, when a pulse component in a torque decreasing direction is included in a requested torque, a second requested torque that does not include the pulse component is generated. In this case, a first actuator provided on the downstream side in the intake passage is operated based on the requested torque. On the other hand, although a second actuator provided on the upstream side in the intake passage is operated based on the requested torque when there is not a valid value of the second requested torque, the second actuator is operated based on the second requested torque when there is a valid value of the second requested torque.
摘要:
An imprinting device is provided which is capable of using small an opening/closing device even when a transfer area increases. The imprinting device that transfers a molding pattern of a die to a molding target includes a pressurization unit that includes a pressurization chamber to pressurize the die and the molding target by a fluid, a stage that supports the die and the molding target pressurized by the pressurization unit, a pressurization device for adjusting the pressure of the fluid inside the pressurization chamber, an opening/closing device for relatively moving the pressurization unit and the stage, and a securing tool that secures the pressurization unit and the stage so as to prevent or suppress an application of force generated by the pressurization unit to the opening/closing device.
摘要:
A control device calculates a maximum amount of increase in an intake pipe pressure in a Δt obtained by moving a throttle to an opening side at a maximum speed, and calculates a maximum amount of decrease in an intake pipe pressure in the Δt obtained by moving the throttle to a closing side at a maximum speed. Then, command values for each of a VVT and a WGV are determined such that an amount of change in an intake pipe pressure in the Δt required to achieve a target intake air amount falls within a range from the maximum amount of decrease to the maximum amount of increase. Then, a target opening for the throttle for a purpose of achieving the target intake air amount is calculated on the basis of command values that have been determined for the VVT and the WGV.
摘要:
An air amount estimating apparatus in an internal combustion engine having a supercharger that estimates with high accuracy an amount of air drawn into a cylinder without involving an increased calculation load. The air amount estimating apparatus estimates a cylinder air amount through calculation that incorporates a physical model representing air flowing behavior through an intake path. When, at this time, a ratio of throttle downstream pressure to throttle upstream pressure as calculated with the physical model is smaller than a reference ratio, a throttle flow rate is calculated using an equation of throttle based on the throttle upstream pressure, the throttle downstream pressure, and a throttle opening. When the ratio of the throttle downstream pressure to the throttle upstream pressure is greater than the reference ratio, the throttle flow rate is calculated using a linear interpolation equation based on a compressor flow rate and an intake valve flow rate.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method of figuring out an effect of a medicine exerting on the same cell quantitatively over a time. A cell evaluation method includes a step of culturing cells on a cell-culture base material that is capable of culturing spheroids, and a step of measuring a change over a time in the number of the spheroids formed through the former step or a percentage of the spheroids formed through the former step relative to an entire cultured cell.