公开(公告)号：US5524709A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-11

申请号：US435015

申请日：1995-05-04

申请人： Robert J. Withers

发明人： Robert J. Withers

IPC分类号： B09B1/00 ,  C04B40/00 ,  C09K8/46 ,  E21B33/13 ,  E21B41/00 ,  E21B43/26 ,  E21B47/01 ,  E21B47/10 ,  G01V1/52 ,  G01V11/00 ,  E21B47/12

CPC分类号： E21B43/26 ,  B09B1/006 ,  B09B1/008 ,  C04B40/0092 ,  C09K8/46 ,  E21B33/13 ,  E21B41/0057 ,  E21B47/011 ,  E21B47/101 ,  G01V1/52 ,  G01V11/005

摘要： A method for releasably, acoustically-coupling an acoustical-energy sensor in a wellbore wherein the sensor is lowered in the wellbore and a soluble cement is flowed into the wellbore to completely encompass the sensor. The soluble cement is allowed to harden to physically bond and thereby acoustically couple the sensor to said wellbore. When it is desired to remove the sensors, a solvent is flowed down the wellbore and into contact with the hardened soluble cement to dissolve the soluble cement. The dissolved cement is then circulated out of the well and the sensors removed so that the well is again available for other operations.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在井眼中可释放地声学耦合声能传感器的方法，其中传感器在井筒中降低，并且可溶性水泥流入井眼以完全包围传感器。 允许可溶性水泥硬化以物理结合，从而将传感器声学地耦合到所述井眼。 当需要去除传感器时，溶剂沿井筒流下并与硬化的可溶性水泥接触以溶解可溶性水泥。 然后将溶解的水泥从井中循环出去，并且传感器被去除，使得井再次可用于其它操作。

公开(公告)号：US5372038A

公开(公告)日：1994-12-13

申请号：US140888

申请日：1993-10-25

申请人： Serge Nicoletis

发明人： Serge Nicoletis

IPC分类号： E21B23/14 ,  E21B43/26 ,  E21B47/06 ,  E21B47/10 ,  E21B49/00 ,  G01V1/52 ,  E21B47/00

CPC分类号： G01V1/52 ,  E21B23/14 ,  E21B43/26 ,  E21B47/06 ,  E21B47/101 ,  E21B49/008

摘要： Conventional injection tests conducted on petroleum operating wells are effected by measuring the hydraulic characteristic quantities of the fluid injected into the well (mainly pressure, temperature, flowrate). The present invention adds microseismic measurements representative of the acoustic emission induced by injection and employs a probe constituted by a tube combination mainly containing tubular cartridges interconnected by flexible cables with at least some of the cartridges housing means to measure the microseismic quantities representative of the acoustic emission induced by the injection of a fluid into the well. All the cartridges have a sufficiently small diameter so as to be engaged inside tubing disposed in the well. The present invention is also directed to a measurement method using this probe during an injection test including at least one period for injecting the fluid, followed by a no injection period, the tubing of the well including at least one perforation level, wherein the probe is lowered into the well and then is immobilized close to the perforation level so as to measure at least the microseismic quantities, preferably associated with hydraulic quantities, at least during the no injection period. Apart from obtaining a more accurate picture of the injectivity of the well, the present invention thus concerns a test procedure much better adapted to actual requirements (via the modularity of the probe) and one which is much less cumbersome (the probe carrying out several measurements during a single to-and-fro movement in the well).

摘要翻译： 通过测量注入井中的流体的液压特征量（主要是压力，温度，流量）来进行在石油作业井上进行的常规喷射试验。 本发明增加了表示由注射引起的声发射的微震测量，并且采用由主要包含通过柔性电缆与至少一些盒壳体装置相互连接的管状盒的管组合构成的探针，以测量表示声发射的微震量 通过将流体注入井中而引起的。 所有的墨盒具有足够小的直径，以便接合在设置在孔中的管内。 本发明还涉及在注射试验期间使用该探针的测量方法，其包括用于注射流体的至少一个周期，随后是无注射周期，所述孔的管道包括至少一个穿孔水平，其中所述探针是 至少在无注射期间至少测量至少与水力量相关联的微震量。 除了获得井的注入性的更准确的图片之外，本发明因此涉及一种更好地适应于实际要求（通过探头的模块化）和不那么麻烦的测试程序（探头进行多次测量 在井中单次往复运动）。

公开(公告)号：US5317111A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-31

申请号：US9842

申请日：1993-01-27

申请人： Jacques Orban ,  James C. Mayes

发明人： Jacques Orban ,  James C. Mayes

IPC分类号： B06B1/06 ,  E21B21/08 ,  E21B47/08 ,  E21B47/10 ,  G01B17/00 ,  G01B17/06 ,  G01H15/00 ,  G01N29/02 ,  G01N29/024 ,  G01N29/032 ,  G01N29/22 ,  G01N29/28 ,  G01V1/52 ,  G01V1/40

CPC分类号： B06B1/0681 ,  E21B21/08 ,  E21B47/082 ,  E21B47/101 ,  G01B17/00 ,  G01B17/06 ,  G01H15/00 ,  G01N29/02 ,  G01N29/024 ,  G01N29/032 ,  G01N29/222 ,  G01N29/28 ,  G01V1/52 ,  G01N2291/011 ,  G01N2291/012 ,  G01N2291/015 ,  G01N2291/018 ,  G01N2291/02416 ,  G01N2291/02433

摘要： Pulse echo apparatus and methods are disclosed for measuring characteristics of a borehole while it is being drilled. A component of a bottomhole assembly, preferably a drilling collar, is provided with one or more ultra-sonic transceivers. A pulse echo sensor of the transceiver is preferably placed in a stabilizer fin of the collar, but may also be placed in the wall of the collar, preferably close to a stabilizing fin. Electronic processing and control circuitry for the pulse-echo sensor is provided in an electronic module placed within such collar. Such pulse echo apparatus, which preferably includes two diametrically opposed transceivers, generates signals from which standoff from a borehole wall may be determined. A method and apparatus are provided for measuring standoff and borehole diameter in the presence of drilling cuttings entrained in the drilling fluid. In a preferred embodiment, such signals are assessed by the electronic processing and control circuitry to determine if gas has entered borehole. Three methods and apparatus are provided for such gas entry determination. The first relies on measurement of sonic impedance of the drilling fluid by assessing the amplitude of an echo from an interface between the drilling fluid and a delay-line placed outwardly of a ceramic sensor. The second relies on measurement of drilling fluid attenuation of a borehole wall echo. The third relies on measurement of the phase of oscillations of echoes to identify large gas bubble entries. The pulse-echo sensor includes a sensor stack including a backing element, a piezo-electric ceramic disk, and a delay-line.

公开(公告)号：US5276656A

公开(公告)日：1994-01-04

申请号：US881942

申请日：1992-05-12

申请人： Jorg A. Angehrn ,  Charles F. Magnani

发明人： Jorg A. Angehrn ,  Charles F. Magnani

IPC分类号： E21B47/00 ,  E21B47/10 ,  G01V1/46 ,  G01V1/40

CPC分类号： G01V1/46 ,  E21B47/0002 ,  E21B47/101

摘要： The flow of bubbles in a borehole within an active well is determined by using data from a borehole televiewer. A known discontinuous material is introduced into the borehole at a known distance from the borehole televiewer, and the elapsed time is determined between introduction and detection of the discontinuous material by the borehole televiewer.

摘要翻译： 通过使用井眼电视观察员的数据确定活动井内钻孔中的气泡流。 已知的不连续材料以与钻孔电视观察员已知的距离被引入到钻孔中，并且通过钻孔电视查看器确定引入和检测不连续材料之间的经过时间。

公开(公告)号：US5257530A

公开(公告)日：1993-11-02

申请号：US788076

申请日：1991-11-05

申请人： Alan G. Beattie ,  W. Mark Bohon

发明人： Alan G. Beattie ,  W. Mark Bohon

IPC分类号： E21B47/10 ,  G01F1/30 ,  G01F1/74 ,  G01N29/04 ,  G01N29/34 ,  G01F1/28 ,  G01N15/07

CPC分类号： G01N29/14 ,  E21B47/101 ,  G01F1/30 ,  G01F1/74 ,  G01N29/046 ,  G01N29/348 ,  G01N2291/015 ,  G01N2291/02416 ,  G01N2291/101 ,  G01N2291/2626

摘要： The particle volume and particle mass production rate of particulate solids entrained in fluid flowstreams such as formation sand or fracture proppant entrained in oil and gas production flowstreams is determined by a system having a metal probe interposed in a flow conduit for transmitting acoustic emissions created by particles impacting the probe to a sensor and signal processing circuit which produces discrete signals related to the impact of each of the particles striking the probe. The volume or mass flow rate of particulates is determined from making an initial particle size distribution and particle energy distribution and comparing the initial energy distribution and/or the initial size distribution with values related to the impact energies of a predetermined number of recorded impacts. The comparison is also used to recalibrate the system to compensate for changes in flow velocity.

摘要翻译： 夹带在流体流中的颗粒体积和颗粒体积生产速率，例如地层砂或夹带在油气生产流动中的断裂支撑剂由具有介于流动管道中的金属探针的系统确定，用于传输由颗粒产生的声发射 将探针撞击到传感器和信号处理电路，其产生与撞击探针的每个颗粒的撞击相关的离散信号。 颗粒的体积或质量流率由初始粒度分布和粒子能量分布确定，并将初始能量分布和/或初始尺寸分布与预定数量的记录冲击的冲击能量相关的值进行比较。 比较也用于重新校准系统以补偿流速的变化。

公开(公告)号：US5163029A

公开(公告)日：1992-11-10

申请号：US652887

申请日：1991-02-08

申请人： Thomas Bryant ,  Arthur Hay ,  Donald S. Grosso

发明人： Thomas Bryant ,  Arthur Hay ,  Donald S. Grosso

IPC分类号： E21B21/00 ,  E21B21/08 ,  E21B47/10 ,  E21B49/00 ,  G01N29/02 ,  G01N29/024 ,  G01N29/22

CPC分类号： E21B47/101 ,  E21B21/001 ,  E21B21/08 ,  E21B49/005 ,  G01N29/02 ,  G01N29/024 ,  G01N29/222

摘要： In accordance with the present invention, several methods are presented for the detection of gas into an offshore marine riser (e.g., riser gas). In a first embodiment of this invention, an acoustic transmitter is positioned on or nearby the subsea blowout preventor stack and imparts continuous low frequency waves into the annular fluid in the marine riser. These imparted waves define pressure perturbations which are received by a pressure transducer positioned on the riser at a location above the acoustic transmitter. Gas detection in the riser is then indicated by determining the rate of change of certain characteristics of the output. The output characteristics are preferably the moduli and phase angles of the acoustic fundamentals and their harmonics. In a second embodiment of this invention, continuous or pulsed pressure waves are imparted into the marine riser using a transducer ring surrounding the riser comprised of piezoelectric or magnetostrictive elements which change shape when electrically stimulated. When such electrical stimulation occurs, preferably by a pulse containing multiple harmonics, the transducer rings impacts the riser pipe causing compressional waves to be set up in the annular fluid. The compressional waves are then sensed at or near the surface and changes in amplitude or phase shift are detected for determining the presence of influx gas.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明，提出了几种用于将气体检测到海上海洋立管（例如提升管气体）中的方法。 在本发明的第一实施例中，声发射器定位在海底防喷器堆叠上或附近，并且将连续的低频波施加到海洋立管中的环形流体中。 这些传播的波浪定义了压力扰动，其由位于声发射器上方的位置处的提升管上的压力传感器接收。 然后通过确定输出的某些特性的变化率来指示提升管中的气体检测。 输出特性优选为声学基本原理及其谐波的模量和相位角。 在本发明的第二实施例中，使用围绕提升管的换能器环将连续或脉冲压力波施加到海洋立管中，所述振荡器环包括在电刺激时改变形状的压电或磁致伸缩元件。 当发生这种电刺激时，优选地通过包含多次谐波的脉冲，换能器环冲击提升管，导致在环形流体中建立压迫波。 然后在表面处或附近感测压缩波，检测振幅或相移的变化，以确定涌入气体的存在。

公开(公告)号：US5154078A

公开(公告)日：1992-10-13

申请号：US546272

申请日：1990-06-29

申请人： Daniel Codazzi

发明人： Daniel Codazzi

IPC分类号： E21B21/08 ,  E21B47/10 ,  E21B49/00

CPC分类号： E21B49/005 ,  E21B21/08 ,  E21B47/101

摘要： Gas influx into a wellbore, called A "kick", is detected by two different, yet complementary methods during active drilling of the borehole. The first method is based upon the existence of standing wave patterns generated by pressure oscillations of the drilling rig mud pumps. Such standing wave patterns form time sequences of maximum and minima as a gas slug moves upwardly in the annulus. The time between such peaks of such oscillations is measured and forms the basis for generation of one first kick signal. A continuous increase in the phase between annulus and drill string standing waves forms the basis for another standing wave kick signal. The second method uses acoustic signals from a downhole source near the bottom of the borehole which are transmitted at different speeds in the annulus mud and in the interior drill string mud, where the annulus mud may be gas cut. A difference in arrival time between the signals is determined, and if large enough, causes a second kick signal to be generated. A third method may be used where at least two drilling pumps are used in the drilling system. Such method determines the total travel time, from standpipe to drill string and up the annulus, of a beat frequency pressure wave caused by slightly different frequencies of the two pumps. An alarm signal is generated if the total travel time is greater than a computed threshold.

摘要翻译： 在井眼的主动钻井过程中，通过两种不同但又互补的方法来检测气体涌入井眼，称为“踢”。 第一种方法是基于钻机泥浆泵的压力振荡产生的驻波模式的存在。 当气囊在环形空间中向上移动时，这种驻波图案形成最大和最小的时间序列。 测量这种振荡的这种峰值之间的时间，并且形成产生一个第一踢脚信号的基础。 环形和钻柱驻波之间的相位的连续增加是另一个驻波起搏信号的基础。 第二种方法使用来自钻孔底部附近的井下源的声学信号，其在环形泥浆和内部钻柱泥浆中以不同的速度传播，其中环形泥浆可以被气体切割。 确定信号之间的到达时间的差异，并且如果足够大，则产生第二反转信号。 可以使用在钻井系统中使用至少两个钻井泵的第三种方法。 这种方法确定了由两个泵的稍微不同的频率引起的节拍频率压力波的总行驶时间，从立管到钻柱和环向上。 如果总行程时间大于计算的阈值，则会产生报警信号。

公开(公告)号：US5138585A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-11

申请号：US515388

申请日：1990-04-27

申请人： Jorg A. Angehrn ,  Charles F. Magnani

发明人： Jorg A. Angehrn ,  Charles F. Magnani

IPC分类号： E21B47/00 ,  E21B47/10 ,  G01V1/46

CPC分类号： G01V1/46 ,  E21B47/0002 ,  E21B47/101

摘要： A method is disclosed for using data from a borehole televiewer in an active well to determine fluid properties. That method involves determining the wall effects from the data, and factoring out the wall effects from the data to determine the fluid properties.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于使用来自活动井中钻孔电视查询器的数据来确定流体性质的方法。 该方法包括从数据中确定壁效应，并从数据中分解出墙效应以确定流体特性。

公开(公告)号：US5130950A

公开(公告)日：1992-07-14

申请号：US525268

申请日：1990-05-16

申请人： Jacques Orban ,  James C. Mayes

发明人： Jacques Orban ,  James C. Mayes

IPC分类号： B06B1/06 ,  E21B21/08 ,  E21B47/08 ,  E21B47/10 ,  G01B17/00 ,  G01B17/06 ,  G01H15/00 ,  G01N29/02 ,  G01N29/024 ,  G01N29/032 ,  G01N29/22 ,  G01N29/28 ,  G01V1/52

CPC分类号： B06B1/0681 ,  E21B21/08 ,  E21B47/082 ,  E21B47/101 ,  G01B17/00 ,  G01B17/06 ,  G01H15/00 ,  G01N29/02 ,  G01N29/024 ,  G01N29/032 ,  G01N29/222 ,  G01N29/28 ,  G01V1/52 ,  G01N2291/011 ,  G01N2291/012 ,  G01N2291/015 ,  G01N2291/018 ,  G01N2291/02416 ,  G01N2291/02433

摘要： Pulse echo apparatus and methods are disclosed for measuring characteristics of a borehole while it is being drilled. A component of a bottomhole assembly, preferably a drilling collar, is provided with one or more ultra-sonic transceivers. A pulse echo sensor of the transceiver is preferably placed in a stabilizer fin of the collar, but may also be placed in the wall of the collar, preferably close to a stabilizing fin. Electronic processing and control circuitry for the pulse-echo sensor is provided in an electronic module placed within such collar. Such pulse echo apparatus, which preferably includes two diametrically opposed transceivers, generates signals from which standoff from a borehole wall may be determined. A method and apparatus are provided for measuring standoff and borehole diameter in the presence of drilling cuttings entrained in the drilling fluid. In a preferred embodiment, such signals are assessed by the electronic processing and control circuity to determine if gas has entered borehole. Three methods and apparatus are provided for such gas entry determination. The first relies on measurement of sonic impedance of the drilling fluid by assessing the amplitude of an echo from an interface between the drilling fluid and a delay-line placed outwardly of a ceramic sensor. The second relies on measurement of drilling fluid attenuation of a borehole wall echo. The third relies on measurement of the phase of oscillations of echoes to identify large gas bubbles entries. The pulse-echo sensor includes a sensor stack including a backing element, a piezo-electric ceramic disk, and a delay-line.

公开(公告)号：US4744416A

公开(公告)日：1988-05-17

申请号：US80132

申请日：1987-07-31

申请人： Frank M. Bower

发明人： Frank M. Bower

IPC分类号： E21B43/119 ,  E21B47/02 ,  E21B47/10 ,  G01S3/805 ,  G01V1/46 ,  E21B33/13

CPC分类号： G01S3/805 ,  E21B43/119 ,  E21B47/02 ,  E21B47/101 ,  G01V1/46

摘要： An acoustic logging apparatus and method are disclosed for determining the direction of a subsurface noise source, such as a blowout well or fluid channeling behind well casing. The apparatus comprises cylindrical piezoelectric crystal transducers processed to buck each other. The method employs such an apparatus and includes generating and observing output from the crystals. The direction of the noise relative to the position of the apparatus is indicated by determining the position of the crystal transducers when their phase and amplitude differences are at a minimum. The transducer leading in phase at a point perpendicular to said position is the transducer closest to the noise source and is used to indicate the absolute direction of the noise.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于确定地下噪声源的方向的声学测井装置和方法，例如在井套管之后的井喷井或流体通道。 该装置包括被处理成相互抵消的圆柱形压电晶体换能器。 该方法采用这种装置，并且包括产生和观察晶体的输出。 当相位和振幅差最小时，通过确定晶体换能器的位置来指示噪声相对于装置位置的方向。 在垂直于所述位置的点处相位导通的换能器是最靠近噪声源的换能器，用于指示噪声的绝对方向。