公开(公告)号：US4704721A

公开(公告)日：1987-11-03

申请号：US68468984

申请日：1984-12-21

申请人： AETNA TELECOMMUNICATIONS LAB

发明人： BARR PAUL

IPC分类号： H04L7/00 ,  H04L7/02 ,  H04L7/033 ,  H04L7/04 ,  H04L25/49

CPC分类号： H04L25/4904 ,  H04L7/0066 ,  H04L7/0087 ,  H04L7/0337 ,  H04L7/041

摘要： A phase locking system operative to phase lock a local clock to incoming data bits in a packet of short duration within a specified accuracy range, using no more than a few initial bits of the packet. Phase locking is achieved by phase shifting the data packet bits relative to a local clock signal a fixed, non-integral fraction of a bit period until the phasing lies within the specified range. The phasing is then accurate enough to permit signal decoding with an open loop over the limited duration of the packet. The phase locking process is activated each time the beginning of a new packet is detected.

摘要翻译： 相位锁定系统，其操作以使用不超过数据包的几个初始位，将本地时钟相位锁定在指定精度范围内的短持续时间内的分组中的输入数据位。 相位锁定通过相对于本地时钟信号将数据分组比特相移到比特周期的固定的非积分分数，直到定相位于指定范围内来实现。 然后定相足够准确地允许在分组的有限持续时间内用开环进行信号解码。 每次检测到新分组的开始时，相位锁定过程被激活。

公开(公告)号：US4525026A

公开(公告)日：1985-06-25

申请号：US442919

申请日：1982-11-19

申请人： Glenn R. Elion

发明人： Glenn R. Elion

IPC分类号： G02B6/44 ,  H01B7/28 ,  G02B5/172

CPC分类号： H01B7/28 ,  G02B6/4401 ,  G02B6/4427 ,  G02B6/443 ,  G02B6/4494

摘要： The optically transmissive fiber of a fiber optic cable is protected from degradation by corrosion from environmental fluids in high pressure and/or temperature environments. The light transmitting fiber is surrounded with one or more protective layers which contain finely divided particles, typically of the same composition as the corrodible components of the fiber, with the particles functioning to absorb and neutralize the corrosivity of the environmental fluids. These fluids cannot be entirely prevented from slowly penetrating the protective layers or coatings over time, particularly under the influence of the elevated temperatures or pressures. The particles are typically of a metal or metal oxide matching the metal or metal oxide constituent of the outer portions of the optical fiber itself. These particles typically are suspended in the polymeric, buffering layer directly surrounding the optical fiber. The particles are in a powdered form of micron size or smaller. This small size avoids micro bending losses typically associated with the presence of inhomogeneous layers adjacent to the optically transmitting fiber. Preferably before being buffer coated, the optical fiber is given a protective metal or metal oxide surface layer and a coupling agent layer may also be added between the fiber and buffer layer. This coupling layer is also doped with powders of the corrosion protecting elements. Outer layers such as cable sheathing may also include doping compounds to absorb or neutralize the corrosive environmental fluids.

摘要翻译： 在高压和/或温度环境下，光纤电缆的光学透射光纤被保护免受来自环境流体的腐蚀的退化。 光传输光纤被一个或多个保护层包围，该保护层包含微细的颗粒，通常与纤维的可腐蚀组分具有相同的组成，颗粒起吸收和中和环境流体的腐蚀性的作用。 这些流体不能完全防止随时间缓慢地渗透保护层或涂层，特别是在升高的温度或压力的影响下。 颗粒通常是与光纤本身的外部部分的金属或金属氧化物成分相匹配的金属或金属氧化物。 这些颗粒通常悬浮在直接围绕光纤的聚合物缓冲层中。 颗粒为微米级或更小的粉末形式。 这种小尺寸避免了通常与邻近光学传输光纤的不均匀层的存在相关联的微弯曲损耗。 优选在缓冲涂层之前，给予光纤保护金属或金属氧化物表面层，并且还可以在光纤和缓冲层之间加入耦合剂层。 该耦合层也掺有腐蚀保护元件的粉末。 诸如电缆护套的外层也可以包括掺杂化合物以吸收或中和腐蚀性环境流体。

公开(公告)号：US4493212A

公开(公告)日：1985-01-15

申请号：US420361

申请日：1982-09-20

申请人： Arthur R. Nelson

发明人： Arthur R. Nelson

IPC分类号： G01D5/26 ,  G01P15/093 ,  G02B6/32 ,  G01P15/08

CPC分类号： G02B6/32 ,  G01D5/268 ,  G01P15/093

摘要： An optical sensing system for detecting a physical parameter such as acceleration, temperature or pressure through parameter induced motion of an optical element in a fiber optic path. The motion of the optical element varies the light transmission through the path in which the optical element defines the relationship between motion and alteration in light transmission. In one embodiment the optical element includes a focusing system between an input and an output optical fiber to result in an increase in sensitivity by enhancement of the effect of motion of the optical element of the amount of light transmitted to the output fiber. The optical element may include or be attached to a mass to provide acceleration sensitivity for use in geophysical exploration. In addition, the optical element can be adapted to provide acceleration sensitivity in one direction in combination with insensitivity to acceleration in an orthogonal direction of particular use in such geophysical exploration. The optical element operates either by refraction or reflection and motion is imparted directly to the refracting or reflecting element or to an aperture applied thereto. The linearity between motion of the optical element and amount of light attenuation can be adjusted by the geometry of the system to provide a high degree of linearity or not as desired. The transmitted light can be detected in a ratioing mode in order to avoid effects of variation in light source intensity.

摘要翻译： 一种用于通过光纤路径中的光学元件的参数诱导运动来检测诸如加速度，温度或压力的物理参数的光学感测系统。 光学元件的运动通过光学元件限定光传输中的运动和变化之间的关系的路径来改变透光性。 在一个实施例中，光学元件包括在输入和输出光纤之间的聚焦系统，以通过增强光学元件传输到输出光纤的光量的运动的影响来提高灵敏度。 光学元件可以包括或附接到质量块以提供用于地球物理勘探的加速度灵敏度。 此外，光学元件可以适于在一个方向上提供加速度灵敏度，并结合对这种地球物理勘探中特定用途的正交方向的加速度的不敏感性。 光学元件通过折射或反射进行操作，并且将运动直接施加到折射或反射元件或施加到其上的孔。 光学元件的运动和光衰减量之间的线性度可以通过系统的几何形状来调节，以提供高度的线性度或不需要。 可以以比例模式检测透射光，以避免光源强度变化的影响。

公开(公告)号：US4540601A

公开(公告)日：1985-09-10

申请号：US636368

申请日：1984-07-31

申请人： Dilip K. Nath

发明人： Dilip K. Nath

IPC分类号： C03C25/10 ,  C03C25/22 ,  C23C16/40 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/44 ,  G02B5/14 ,  G02B1/10

CPC分类号： G02B6/443 ,  C03C25/107 ,  C03C25/223 ,  C23C16/403 ,  G02B6/02395 ,  Y10S359/90

摘要： A process whereby an optical fiber is hermetically coated with a layer of aluminum oxide. The fiber is reacted pyrolytically with organo aluminum derivatives or other aluminum compounds, either in the form of vapor or atomized spray, to produce the desired coating. The thickness can be varied by changing reaction parameters. A buffer is also applied to the coated fiber. The end product is a glass fiber impervious to gases and fluids in the environment, especially H.sub.2 O, and one of improved abrasion resistance, hardness and strength.

摘要翻译： 将光纤气密地涂覆有氧化铝层的工艺。 纤维与有机铝衍生物或其它铝化合物热解反应，以蒸气或雾化喷雾的形式，以产生所需的涂层。 可以通过改变反应参数来改变厚度。 缓冲剂也适用于涂覆的纤维。 最终产品是在环境中特别是H2O的气体和流体不透水的玻璃纤维，以及改进的耐磨性，硬度和强度之一。

公开(公告)号：US4473599A

公开(公告)日：1984-09-25

申请号：US382698

申请日：1982-05-27

申请人： Glenn R. Elion

发明人： Glenn R. Elion

IPC分类号： C03B37/018 ,  C03C17/23 ,  C03C25/10 ,  G02B6/036 ,  G02B6/44 ,  G02B1/10 ,  G02B5/14

CPC分类号： G02B6/443 ,  C03B37/018 ,  C03C17/23 ,  C03C25/104 ,  C03C25/1075 ,  C03C2217/211 ,  C03C2217/212 ,  C03C2217/23 ,  C03C2218/152 ,  Y10S359/90

摘要： A process for manufacturing an optical fiber having a ceramic coating applied at the preform stage or drawn fiber stage wherein the coating hermetically seals the fiber against penetration of environmental gases and fluids and increases the fiber tensile strength, and a fiber produced by the process. An optical fiber preform, from which a fiber is to be drawn, preferably after a preliminary cleaning and drying, is coated with a ceramic layer by reacting hot gaseous compounds of tin or titanium with chlorine, bromine or iodine and water or hydrogen peroxide, typically with nitrogen or oxygen carrier gases. The reaction produces a thin ceramic preform coating of one or more layers of an oxide of tin, titanium, or tin with titanium. The thus coated preform is drawn to the dimensions of a desired optical fiber. The drawn fiber may itself be coated, typically in an on-line process fed directly from a drawing furnace, and comprising one or more reaction zones which apply a further or initial ceramic layer to the fiber. The thus coated or multiply coated fiber is typically buffer coated. Prior to the application of the buffer coating, the bonding between buffer and ceramic is improved by the application of a coupling enhancement compound.

摘要翻译： 一种制造光纤的方法，其具有在预成型工段或拉伸纤维阶段施加的陶瓷涂层，其中所述涂层气密地密封所述纤维以防止环境气体和流体的侵入并增加纤维的拉伸强度，以及通过该方法生产的纤维。 一般来说，预先清洗和干燥纤维的纤维预成型件通过使锡或钛的热气态化合物与氯，溴或碘和水或过氧化氢反应而被陶瓷层涂覆，通常 用氮气或氧气载气。 该反应产生一层或多层锡，钛或锡与钛的氧化物的薄陶瓷预制件涂层。 将如此涂布的预制件拉伸成所需光纤的尺寸。 拉伸的纤维本身可以通常在直接从拉丝炉进料的在线方法中进行涂覆，并且包括一个或多个向纤维施加另外或初始陶瓷层的反应区域。 如此涂布或多层涂覆的纤维通常是缓冲涂层的。 在施加缓冲涂层之前，通过施加偶联增强化合物来改善缓冲剂和陶瓷之间的结合。

公开(公告)号：US4680554A

公开(公告)日：1987-07-14

申请号：US779945

申请日：1985-09-25

申请人： James K. Roberge

发明人： James K. Roberge

IPC分类号： H03L7/093

CPC分类号： H03L7/093

摘要： A fast settling amplifier for use in a phase locking system operative to phase lock a local clock to incoming data bits in a packet of short duration within a specified accuracy range, using no more than a few initial bits of the packet. Phase locking is achieved by phase shifting the data packet bits relative to a local clock signal a fixed, non-integral fraction of a bit period until the phasing lies within the specified range. The phasing is then accurate enough to permit signal decoding with an open loop over the limited duration of the packet. The phase locking process is activated each time the beginning of a new packet is detected. A Manchester code is typically utilized as the representation of the signal upon which synchronization is achieved. The Manchester code or biphase signal is recovered from the telecommunications network by a fast settling amplifier that rapidly establishes thresholding to accurately distinguish between high and low level signal levels in the Manchester code while maintaining a well filtered signal level.

摘要翻译： 用于相位锁定系统的快速稳定放大器，其操作以使用不超过数据包的几个初始位，将本地时钟相位锁定在指定精度范围内的短持续时间内的分组中的输入数据位。 相位锁定通过相对于本地时钟信号将数据分组比特相移到比特周期的固定的非积分分数，直到定相位于指定范围内来实现。 然后定相足够准确地允许在分组的有限持续时间内用开环进行信号解码。 每次检测到新分组的开始时，相位锁定过程被激活。 曼彻斯特码通常用作实现同步的信号的表示。 曼彻斯特码或双相信号通过快速建立放大器从电信网络恢复，其快速建立阈值以准确地区分曼彻斯特码中的高电平和低电平信号电平，同时保持良好滤波的信号电平。

公开(公告)号：US4646292A

公开(公告)日：1987-02-24

申请号：US782681

申请日：1985-10-01

申请人： David S. Bither

发明人： David S. Bither

IPC分类号： H04L29/08 ,  G02B6/00 ,  H04L12/417 ,  H04J3/02

CPC分类号： H04L12/4035 ,  H04L12/417

摘要： A system for controlling access and transmission timing of communication in a repeating sequence over a network between nodes of one or more terminals, such as in a local area network. Each node in the network is equipped to recognize the presence of boundaries in the transmissions of messages by all nodes in the network. Each node is assigned a place in the list of all the nodes on the network and is controlled by a local timing system to be able to transmit over the network only after the node next preceding it in the list has transmitted. This recognition is accomplished by counting the message boundaries on the network and comparing the count against the list of nodes in the network. Each node will transmit during its time a message of variable length, up to a maximum, but never less than a minimum that identifies its presence in the network. The system has the capability to recognize a missing node and a jammed network by timing the intervals between messages and comparing these against the maximum allowable transmission times. The system utilizes a very small minimum transmission time so that great efficiency is achieved. The intervals between node transmission times is set to be just larger than the maximum predictable network delays. This achieves predictability in network operation that allows each node to use internally generated timing to identify the cyclical network operation, while achieving high efficiency in network operation and accommodating real time transmission needs.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在一个或多个终端（例如在局域网中）的节点之间的网络上以重复序列控制通信的接入和传输定时的系统。 网络中的每个节点被配备为识别网络中所有节点在消息传输中的边界的存在。 每个节点在网络上的所有节点的列表中分配一个位置，并且由本地定时系统控制，以便能够仅在列表中之前的节点之后的节点发送才能通过网络进行传输。 该识别通过对网络上的消息边界进行计数并将计数与网络中的节点列表进行比较来实现。 每个节点在其时间内将发送可变长度的消息，最大不超过最小值，但不能低于标识其在网络中的存在的最小值。 该系统能够通过对消息之间的间隔进行定时来识别丢失节点和卡塞网络，并将其与最大允许传输时间进行比较。 该系统利用非常小的最小传输时间，从而实现高效率。 节点传输时间之间的间隔被设置为比最大可预测的网络延迟更大。 这实现了网络操作的可预测性，其允许每个节点使用内部生成的定时来识别周期性网络操作，同时实现网络操作的高效率并且适应实时传输需求。

公开(公告)号：US4523092A

公开(公告)日：1985-06-11

申请号：US403125

申请日：1982-07-29

申请人： Arthur R. Nelson

发明人： Arthur R. Nelson

IPC分类号： G01D5/26 ,  G01K11/14 ,  G02B6/34

CPC分类号： G02B6/29368 ,  G01D5/268 ,  G01K11/14

摘要： A fiber optic sensor for sensing pressure, temperature, voltage and other environmental parameters. A fiber is terminated in a series of semiconductor layers, each absorbing light as a function of the sensed parameters at a different wavelength. Light is transmitted down the fiber with plural frequencies and reflected by the termination to provide in the reflected light an attenuation representative of the parameters sensed. The reflected light intensity is detected and electronically processed to provide an indication of the magnitude of the parameters being sensed. With each frequency differently attenuated, the sensed parameters are separately detected. In one implementation two discrete frequencies or wavelengths of light are directed down the unitary fiber to its termination containing first and second semiconductor layers and reflective terminations that have an absorption characteristic which is a function of the sensed parameters such that the first frequency is partially absorbed in the first layer and reflected by its termination while the second frequency is transmitted substantially unaffected through to the second layer where it is partially absorbed and reflected. The two reflected wavelengths of radiation are retransmitted through the optical fiber and coupled into receivers which provide an output signal representing the reflected light magnitude. Parameter sensitive reflective layers may be substituted for the absorptive layers. The semiconductive layers may be employed in a detector configuration.

摘要翻译： 用于感测压力，温度，电压等环境参数的光纤传感器。 光纤端接在一系列半导体层中，每个半导体层以不同波长的感测参数吸收光。 光以多个频率向下传输，并由终端反射，以在反射光中提供表示所感测参数的衰减。 检测和电子处理反射光强度以提供所感测参数的大小的指示。 随着每个频率的衰减不同，检测到的参数被单独检测。 在一个实现中，将两个离散的频率或波长的光从单一光纤向下引导到其终端，其包含第一和第二半导体层以及具有吸收特性的反射终端，所述吸收特征是感测参数的函数，使得第一频率部分地被吸收 第一层并通过其端接反射，而第二频率基本上不受影响地传输到第二层，其中它被部分地吸收和反射。 辐射的两个反射波长通过光纤重新传输并耦合到接收机中，接收机提供表示反射光强度的输出信号。 参数敏感反射层可以代替吸收层。 半导体层可以用于检测器配置。