公开(公告)号：US5539611A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-23

申请号：US981781

申请日：1992-11-25

申请人： Frank Hegner ,  Thomas Klahn

发明人： Frank Hegner ,  Thomas Klahn

IPC分类号： C04B37/02 ,  G01L9/00 ,  H01R9/16 ,  H02G3/22 ,  H05K1/03 ,  H05K3/34 ,  H01G7/00

CPC分类号： C04B37/026 ,  G01L19/0084 ,  G01L9/0075 ,  C04B2235/6581 ,  C04B2237/125 ,  C04B2237/126 ,  C04B2237/127 ,  C04B2237/343 ,  C04B2237/348 ,  C04B2237/365 ,  C04B2237/40 ,  C04B2237/403 ,  C04B2237/62 ,  C04B2237/64 ,  C04B2237/765 ,  C04B2237/84 ,  C04B2237/88 ,  H05K1/0306 ,  H05K3/3447 ,  Y10T29/49139

摘要： This interface connection through a hole (2) in a high-temperature-resistant and vacuum-proof insulating part (1), particularly of ceramic, glass, or a single crystal, consists of a metallic lead (4, 17) inserted into the hole (2) and having a coefficient of thermal expansion less than that of the insulating part (1), wherein at least one end of the lead, if it is flush with at least one surface of the insulating part, is covered with active brazing material which high-vacuum-seals it to the insulating part, or, if it projects beyond at least one surface of the insulating part, is high-vacuum-sealed to the insulating part by means of ring-shaped active brazing material (5'), since in the liquid phase, the active brazing material moves into the gap between the wall of the hole (2) and the lead (4, 17) due to capillary action. Thus, the available materials (insulating material, metals having a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion than the insulating part, active brazing materials) can be used in a different and novel manner such that the use of a lead covered with active brazing material can be dispensed with.

摘要翻译： 这种通过高温和真空绝缘部分（1）中的孔（2）的接口连接，特别是陶瓷，玻璃或单晶的接口连接由插入到 孔（2），其热膨胀系数小于绝缘部件（1）的热膨胀系数，其中如果与绝缘部件的至少一个表面齐平，则引线的至少一端被活性钎焊 将绝缘部分进行高真空密封的材料，或者如果突出超过绝缘部分的至少一个表面，则通过环形活性钎焊材料（5'）将绝缘部件进行高真空密封， ），因为在液相中，由于毛细管作用，活性钎焊材料移动到孔（2）的壁和引线（4,17）之间的间隙中。 因此，可以以不同和新颖的方式使用可用材料（绝缘材料，具有比绝缘部分更小的热膨胀系数的金属，活性钎焊材料），使得可以分配使用活性钎焊材料覆盖的引线 与。

公开(公告)号：US5366000A

公开(公告)日：1994-11-22

申请号：US25264

申请日：1993-03-02

申请人： Peter Reimann ,  Heinz Breitenstein ,  Stephan Messmer

发明人： Peter Reimann ,  Heinz Breitenstein ,  Stephan Messmer

IPC分类号： B22D11/06 ,  B23K35/32 ,  B23K35/40 ,  C04B37/00 ,  C22C16/00 ,  F27B14/10 ,  G01L1/14 ,  H05B6/28

CPC分类号： B23K35/32 ,  B22D11/0611

摘要： The method for forming rings of uniform thickness from an active brazing alloy by melt-spinning the liquid alloy has the following steps: The alloy is liquefied in a crucible having a lateral opening whose height is approximately equal to the width of the ring material; the liquid alloy is forced out of the crucible onto the side surface of a metal drum of high thermal conductivity at a radial distance from the drum center approximately equal to the ring diameter, said metal drum rotating at a high circumferential velocity at a distance from the crucible approximately equal to the ring thickness; after an,,,approximately quarter to three-quarter turn of the active brazing alloy solidified on the metal drum into ring material, the latter is lifted off the metal drum by a mechanical deflector or a gas stream blown onto it in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the metal drum, and guided past the crucible; the ring helix being formed is guided around a lateral, coaxial extension of the metal drum which is located on one side of the crucible, serves as a winding mandrel, and has an end flange and a diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the rings, and from the ring helix, the rings are cut off.

摘要翻译： 通过熔融纺丝液态合金从活性钎焊合金形成均匀厚度的环的方法具有以下步骤：合金在具有高度近似等于环材料宽度的侧开口的坩埚中液化; 将液体合金从坩埚中被迫离开滚筒中心的径向距离大约等于环直径的高导热性金属滚筒的侧表面上，所述金属滚筒以高的圆周速度在与 坩埚大约等于环厚度; 在大约四分之一至四分之一圈的活性钎焊合金在金属滚筒上固化成环形材料后，后者通过机械偏转器或气流沿着与其相反的方向吹向金属滚筒 金属滚筒的旋转方向，并引导通过坩埚; 所形成的环形螺旋围绕位于坩埚一侧的金属滚筒的侧向同轴延伸部分引导，用作卷绕心轴，并且具有端部凸缘和直径略小于环的内径 ，并且从环形螺旋，环被切断。

公开(公告)号：US5363341A

公开(公告)日：1994-11-08

申请号：US689830

申请日：1991-05-28

申请人： Rolf Schwald ,  Edwin Steinebrunner

发明人： Rolf Schwald ,  Edwin Steinebrunner

IPC分类号： G01F23/28 ,  G01F23/296 ,  G01S7/521 ,  G10K11/00 ,  H04R17/00

CPC分类号： G01S7/521 ,  G01F23/2968 ,  G10K11/004 ,  Y10S367/908

摘要： The invention discloses a level measuring device which can be made up from components. It comprises a sonic or ultrasonic transducer which is arranged in a first housing and forms a self-contained functional unit; the electrical circuit arranged in a further separate housing forms a second functional unit. The functional units are so constructed that they can be assembled from the various components to a complete level measuring device in accordance with the required use conditions by arrangement of a steel plate above the sonic or ultrasonic transducer, or by potting with a commercially usual potting composition, or the selection of two different similar housings for receiving the sonic or ultrasonic transducer or the arrangement of selectively different but dimensionally identical sonic or ultrasonic transducers, and the selective mounting by means of a loose flange on a container, or by means of a suspension bracket in the interior thereof or above a drain.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE90 / 00761 Sec。 371日期1991年5月28日 102（e）日期1991年5月28日PCT提交1990年10月5日PCT公布。 公开号WO91 / 05226 日期：1991年04月18日。本发明公开了一种能够由部件构成的液位测量装置。 它包括声波或超声换能器，它被布置在第一壳体中并形成一个独立的功能单元; 布置在另一分开的壳体中的电路形成第二功能单元。 功能单元的构造使得它们可以根据所需的使用条件从各种部件组装到完整的液位测量装置，通过在声波或超声波换能器上方布置钢板，或者通过用商业上通用的灌封组合物 或选择用于接收声波或超声换能器的两个不同类似的壳体或选择性地不同但尺寸相同的声波或超声波换能器的布置，以及通过在容器上的松散凸缘的选择性安装，或借助于悬架 支架在其内部或排水沟上方。

公开(公告)号：US5079953A

公开(公告)日：1992-01-14

申请号：US554801

申请日：1990-07-18

申请人： Rainer Martin ,  Georg Schneider

发明人： Rainer Martin ,  Georg Schneider

IPC分类号： G01L13/06 ,  G01L19/14

CPC分类号： G01L19/14

摘要： This pressure gage has a housing (b 10) with a first connection (1) for applying a first pressure (p1), an interior space (11) for receiving, mounting, and sealing a sensing element (3..), a wall (12) enclosing the interior space and having a channel (41) therein for guiding reference air or a second pressure (p2), and a cover (5). The sensing element (3..) comprises a diaphragm (31), to the outer side of which the first pressure (p1) is applied, and a substrate (32) having an opening (33) through which pressure is applied to the inner side of the diaphragm (31). The cover (5) has at least one feedthrough bushing (51) for electric leads (52) to the sensing element, means for sealing the interior space (11) from the environment of the pressure gage, a channel extension (42) extending the channel (41) in the wall (12) to an opening in the cover, and an inset which is sealed in the opening of the cover and which either is solid (inset 61) or has a connecting channel (43) between the channel extension (42) and a lengthening part (34) extending from the inner plane of the cover (5) to the opening (33) in the substrate (32) of the sensing element (inset 62) or is designed as a second connection (2) for applying the second pressure (p2), said second connection closing the channel extension (42) (inset 63). This construction serves to provide a pressure gage which is modifiable for use as either an absolute pressure or reference pressure or differential pressure gage and requires a minimum number of different parts adapted to the respective applications, and wherein one of the pressure connections can be fitted in one of the two main surfaces of the pressure gage.

摘要翻译： 该压力计有一个具有用于施加第一压力（p1）的第一连接件（1），用于接收，安装和密封传感元件（3）的内部空间（11）的壳体（b 10） （12），其包围所述内部空间并且在其中具有用于引导参考空气或第二压力（p2）的通道（41）和盖（5）。 感测元件（3 ..）包括在其外侧施加第一压力（p1）的隔膜（31）和具有开口（33）的基板（32），压力施加到内部 （31）的一侧。 所述盖（5）具有至少一个用于所述传感元件的电引线（52）的馈通衬套（51），用于将所述内部空间（11）与所述压力表的环境密封的装置， 在壁（12）中的通道（41）到盖中的开口，以及插入件，其密封在盖的开口中并且是固体（插入件61）或具有在通道延伸部 （42）和从盖（5）的内平面延伸到感测元件（插图62）的基板（32）中的开口（33）的延长部分（34），或者被设计为第二连接（2 ），用于施加第二压力（p2），所述第二连接件关闭通道延伸部（42）（插入件63）。 该结构用于提供可用作绝对压力或参考压力或差压计的压力表，并且需要适应各个应用的最小数量的不同部件，并且其中压力连接中的一个可以安装在 压力表的两个主要表面之一。

公开(公告)号：US5038110A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-06

申请号：US371509

申请日：1989-06-26

申请人： Hans Braun ,  Uwe Kessler

发明人： Hans Braun ,  Uwe Kessler

IPC分类号： G01P3/80 ,  G01D5/22 ,  G01D5/24

CPC分类号： G01D5/2405

摘要： A capacitive difference sensor includes two sensor electrodes, each of which lies opposite a transmitting electrode fed by an electrical AC voltage source. A circuit arrangment connected to the two sensor electrodes for signal recovery generates a differential signal which corresponds to the difference between the displacement currents induced in the two sensor electrodes. The circuit arrangement includes a series resonance circuit comprising a coil and a capacitor, the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit corresponding to the frequency of the AC voltage source. The two sensor electrodes are coupled via a transformer in opposite senses to the series resonance circuit and the differential signal is tapped off at the tap of the series resistance circuit formed by the connecting point between the coil and the capacitor.

摘要翻译： 电容差分传感器包括两个传感器电极，每个传感器电极与由AC电压源馈送的发射电极相对。 连接到用于信号恢复的两个传感器电极的电路布置产生对应于在两个传感器电极中感应的位移电流之间的差的差分信号。 电路装置包括串联谐振电路，其包括线圈和电容器，串联谐振电路的谐振频率对应于AC电压源的频率。 两个传感器电极通过变压器以相反的方式耦合到串联谐振电路，并且差分信号在由线圈和电容器之间的连接点形成的串联电阻电路的抽头处被分接。

公开(公告)号：US4976154A

公开(公告)日：1990-12-11

申请号：US81985

申请日：1987-08-05

申请人： Georg Schneider ,  Hans Braun

发明人： Georg Schneider ,  Hans Braun

IPC分类号： G01F1/00 ,  G01F1/712

CPC分类号： G01F1/712

摘要： The arrangement for contactless measurement of the volume flow or mass flow of a moving medium comprises two transducers which furnish electrical signals into which inhomogeneities of the moving medium enter depending on their spatial position in accordance with different spatial weighting functions. The detecting regions of the two transducers are offset with respect to each other in the direction of movement of the medium but partially overlap in such a manner that the gradient of the spatial cross correlation function for the spatial displacement zero is different from the zero vector. A correlator forms the time cross correlation function of the two signals and an evaluation circuit derives the measured value for the volume flow or mass flow of the moving medium from the gradient of the time cross correlation function for the time displacement zero. Alternatively, the measured value may also be derived from the first moment of the cross power density spectrum of the two signals because said moment is mathematically equivalent to the gradient of the time cross correlation function of the two signals for the time displacement zero.

摘要翻译： 用于非接触式测量移动介质的体积流量或质量流量的布置包括两个换能器，其根据不同的空间加权函数，根据空间位置提供移动介质的不均匀性进入的电信号。 两个换能器的检测区域在介质的移动方向上相对于彼此偏移，但是以空间位移零的空间互相关函数的梯度与零矢量不同的方式部分重叠。 相关器形成两个信号的时间互相关函数，并且评估电路从时间位移零的时间互相关函数的梯度中导出移动介质的体积流量或质量流量的测量值。 或者，也可以从两个信号的交叉功率密度谱的第一时刻导出测量值，因为所述时刻在数学上等于时间位移为零的两个信号的时间互相关函数的梯度。

公开(公告)号：US4972386A

公开(公告)日：1990-11-20

申请号：US336736

申请日：1989-04-12

申请人： Jurgen Lau

发明人： Jurgen Lau

IPC分类号： G01B17/00 ,  G01F23/296 ,  G01S15/52 ,  G01S15/88

CPC分类号： G01S15/88 ,  G01F23/2962 ,  G01S15/52 ,  G01N2291/02836 ,  Y10S367/908

摘要： The filling level meter for measuring the filling level in a container includes a transmitting and a receiving arrangement which directs sonic or ultrasonic pulses onto the filling material surface and receives the backscattered pulses reflected by the filling material surface and converts them to electrical reception signals. Connected to the transmitting and receiving arrangement is an evaluating circuit which in a signal processing path generates an envelope signal corresponding to the envelope of the reception signals, digitizes sampled values of the envelope signal, stores in a memory the digitized sampled values for creating a distance-dependent or travel-time-dependent amplitude profile of the measurement distance and evaluates the amplitude profile for determining the travel time of the most probable useful echo signal. Parallel to the signal processing path for generating the envelope signal, in the evaluating circuit a frequency detection of the echo signals is carried out by which echo signals having the transmission frequency of the sonic or ultrasonic pulses are determined. In dependence upon the result of the frequency detection the signal processing path is opened only for the echo signals having a frequency corresponding to the transmission frequency. As a result all the reception signals having a frequency not corresponding to the transmission frequency are excluded from the digitizing and further processing. Due to the Doppler frequency shift these include all the reception signals which are caused by reflections at moving obstacles. On the other hand, all reception signals having a frequency identical to the transmission frequency are passed on unchanged for the digitizing and further signal processing.

摘要翻译： 用于测量容器中的填充水平的填充液位计包括发射和接收装置，其将声波或超声脉冲引导到填充材料表面上并接收由填充材料表面反射的反向散射脉冲并将其转换为电接收信号。 连接到发送和接收装置的是评估电路，其在信号处理路径中产生对应于接收信号的包络的包络信号，数字化包络信号的采样值，在存储器中存储用于创建距离的数字化采样值 测量距离的相关或行程时间相关的幅度分布，并评估用于确定最可能的有用回波信号的行进时间的振幅分布。 平行于用于产生包络信号的信号处理路径，在评估电路中，执行回波信号的频率检测，由此确定具有声波或超声波脉冲的发射频率的回波信号。 根据频率检测的结果，信号处理路径仅对具有对应于传输频率的频率的回波信号打开。 结果，从数字化和进一步处理中排除了所有具有不对应于传输频率的频率的接收信号。 由于多普勒频移，这些包括由移动障碍物反射引起的所有接收信号。 另一方面，对于数字化和进一步的信号处理，具有与发送频率相同的频率的所有接收信号被传递不变。

公开(公告)号：US4898476A

公开(公告)日：1990-02-06

申请号：US236667

申请日：1988-08-25

申请人： Rainer Herrmann ,  Dieter Funken

发明人： Rainer Herrmann ,  Dieter Funken

IPC分类号： G01N25/68 ,  G01N27/22

CPC分类号： G01N25/68

摘要： For measuring the water vapor dew point in gases, a moisture-dependent electrical quantity of a sensor surface suitable for indicating formation of dew droplets is held by temperature control at a desired value corresponding to a stable dew mass. The temperature of the sensor surface corresponding to the desired value of the moisture-dependent electrical quantity is measured as dew point temperature. For compensating the influence of soiling, from time to time the desired value of the moisture-dependent electrical quantity is set in that the temperature of the sensor surface is lowered from a value lying above the dew point temperature and a periodic time temperature variation superimposed on the lowering. If the sensor surface is soiled, periodic time variations of the moisture-dependent electrical quantity occur at the same time but they become a monotonic variation when the dew point temperature is reached. The value of the moisture-dependent electrical quantity measured on the transition of the periodic time variations to a monotonic variation is then used as the reference or desired value which is maintained by the control of the temperature of the sensor surface. Furthermore, the control parameters for controlling the moisture-dependent electrical quantity are continuously corrected on the basis of an oscillation analysis.

摘要翻译： 为了测量气体中的水蒸汽露点，适于指示形成露滴的传感器表面的与湿气相关的电量通过温度控制保持在对应于稳定露点的期望值。 对应于水分依赖电量的期望值的传感器表面的温度被测量为露点温度。 为了补偿污染的影响，不时地将湿度依赖电量的期望值设定为传感器表面的温度从高于露点温度的值降低并且周期性时间温度变化叠加在 下降。 如果传感器表面污染，则水分相关电量的周期性时间变化同时发生，但当达到露点温度时它们变为单调变化。 然后，将在周期性时间变化到单调变化的转变时测量的水分依赖电量的值用作通过控制传感器表面的温度来维持的参考值或期望值。 此外，用于控制与湿度相关的电量的控制参数基于振荡分析连续校正。

公开(公告)号：US4817014A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-28

申请号：US94826

申请日：1987-09-09

申请人： Georg Schneider ,  Gunter Freudig ,  Fernand Rippinger ,  Hans Braun

发明人： Georg Schneider ,  Gunter Freudig ,  Fernand Rippinger ,  Hans Braun

IPC分类号： G06F17/15 ,  G06F15/34

CPC分类号： G06F17/15

摘要： A digital correlator for determining the offset time between two random signals offset in time with respect to each other includes an analog signal processing arrangement and a digital signal processing unit. The analog signal processing arrangement generates by binarizing and periodic sampling of the random signals and their derivatives binary signals, each of which represents the polarity of one of the random signals or the derivative of a random signal at the sampling instants. The digital signal processing unit includes two delay circuits, each of which imparts to one of the binary signals a delay of an adjustable multiple of the sampling period. Each delay circuit is formed by a write-read memory into the memory cells of which the consecutive bits of the binary signal to be delayed are written at the sampling rate under consecutive write memory addresses and out of the memory cells of which the stored bits are read at the sampling rate under consecutive read memory addresses differing from the write memory addresses by an adjustable address difference. Furthermore, the digital signal processing unit comprises two correlation units, each of which receives a delayed binary signal, an undelayed binary signal and a derivative binary signal corresponding to the derivative of the undelayed binary signal. Each correlation unit counts the sampling periods which are contained in an averaging time interval and in which a quantity calculated from the binary signals supplied assumes a positive numerical value or a negative numerical value. A computing and control circuit calculates from the two counts estimated values of correlation coefficients and their derivatives and controls the adjustable address difference in each delay circuit in dependence upon said estimated values so that the delay time is kept equal to the offset time.

摘要翻译： 用于确定相对于彼此在时间上偏移的两个随机信号之间的偏移时间的数字相关器包括模拟信号处理装置和数字信号处理单元。 模拟信号处理装置通过对随机信号及其导数二进制信号进行二值化和周期性采样生成二进制信号，每个二进制信号表示随机信号之一的极性或取样时刻的随机信号的导数。 数字信号处理单元包括两个延迟电路，每个延迟电路使二进制信号之一赋予采样周期的可调整倍数的延迟。 每个延迟电路由写入存储器形成到存储单元中，在其存储单元中，要延迟的二进制信号的连续位以连续写入存储器地址的采样率被写入，并且存储单元中存储的位为 在与存储器地址不同的连续读取存储器地址下以可调节的地址差读取采样率。 此外，数字信号处理单元包括两个相关单元，每个相关单元接收对应于未延迟二进制信号的导数的延迟二进制信号，未延迟二进制信号和导数二进制信号。 每个相关单元对包含在平均时间间隔中的采样周期进行计数，其中从所提供的二进制信号计算出的数量为正数值或负数值。 计算和控制电路根据相关系数的两个计数估计值及其导数来计算，并且根据所述估计值控制每个延迟电路中的可调地址差，使得延迟时间保持等于偏移时间。

公开(公告)号：US4768615A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-06

申请号：US7102

申请日：1987-01-27

申请人： Edwin Steinebrunner ,  Wolfram Berger

发明人： Edwin Steinebrunner ,  Wolfram Berger

IPC分类号： G10K11/26 ,  G10K13/00 ,  H04R1/28 ,  H04R1/34 ,  H01L41/02

CPC分类号： G10K11/26 ,  G10K13/00

摘要： The acoustic transducer system includes an electroacoustic transducer and a flexural oscillator plate which is coupled to the electroacoustic transducer. The flexural oscillator plate is so constructed that at the system operating frequency it is stimulated to flexural oscillations of a higher order at which on the flexural oscillator plate node lines form between which antinode zones oscillating alternately in opposite phase lie. To influence the sound radiation of the flexural oscillator plate a sonic beam shaper is provided. The sonic beam shaper has soundwave barriers which are impermeable for soundwaves and which lie spaced from the flexural oscillator plate and acoustically decoupled therefrom in front of first antinode zones oscillating in equal phase with each other, and soundwave-permeable regions which lie between the soundwave barriers in front of the remaining second antinode zones oscillating in opposite phase to the first antinode zones. The sonic beam shaper results in the effect that the flexural oscillator plate radiates only soundwaves of equal phase while the soundwave of opposite phase thereto are suppressed by the soundwave barriers.

摘要翻译： 声换能器系统包括耦合到电声换能器的电声换能器和弯曲振荡板。 弯曲振荡板的结构使得在系统工作频率下，它受到较高阶的弯曲振荡的作用，弯曲振荡板上的节点线形成在相反相位交替摆动的波腹区域之间。 为了影响弯曲振动板的声辐射，提供了一种声束整形器。 声波束整形器具有声波屏障，其对于声波是不可渗透的，并且与弯曲振荡板隔开并且在彼此相等相位振荡的第一波腹区域之前与其声学解耦，并且位于声波屏障之间的声波可渗透区域 在与第一个波腹区域相反相位的剩余的第二个波腹区域的前方。 声光束整形器产生的效果是弯曲振荡板仅辐射相等相位的声波，而相反相位的声波被声波屏障抑制。