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公开(公告)号：US4297521A
公开(公告)日：1981-10-27
申请号：US970762
申请日：1978-12-18
申请人： Steven A. Johnson
发明人： Steven A. Johnson
IPC分类号： F24J2/06 , F24J2/08 , F24J2/16 , F24J2/54 , H01L31/042 , H01L31/052 , H01L31/04 , F24J3/02
CPC分类号： F24J2/5424 , F24J2/06 , H01L31/0543 , H01L31/0547 , H01L31/0549 , H02S20/32 , H02S40/44 , F24J2/085 , F24J2/16 , F24J2002/5462 , Y02E10/44 , Y02E10/47 , Y02E10/52 , Y02E10/60
摘要： A solar energy collector apparatus and method, the apparatus including an open-top shell structure configured with either an enclosed or lattice configuration and having a Fresnel lens system covering the open top of the shell structure. A mirror system and solar energy absorber apparatus are placed inside the shell structure. The shell structure is mounted upon a hollow axle for rotation about its longitudinal axis. The shell structure is also mounted for vertical movement of one end of the longitudinal axis to adapt the shell structure for following north-south changes in the sun's seasonal position. The hollow axle supports the solar energy absorber apparatus nonrotatably inside the shell structure and in fluid communication with insulated heat transfer conduits that pass nonrotatably through the hollow axle. A photovoltaic apparatus may be included in the shell structure for converting at least a portion of the solar flux to electrical energy while the heat transfer conduits supply any necessary cooling to the photovoltaic apparatus. This combination of features provides higher solar efficiencies and higher temperatures in the heat transfer fluid. The method includes tracking the sun with the solar energy collector apparatus thereby maximizing the amount of solar energy collected while eliminating twisting and thereby coupling failures in the heat transfer conduits.
摘要翻译： 一种太阳能收集器装置和方法，该装置包括配置有封闭或格子构造并具有覆盖壳结构的开口顶部的菲涅耳透镜系统的开顶壳结构。 镜子系统和太阳能吸收装置放置在壳体结构内。 壳体结构安装在空心轴上以围绕其纵向轴线旋转。 外壳结构也安装成纵向轴线的一端的垂直运动，以适应壳体结构，用于在太阳的季节性位置跟随南北的变化。 空心轴将太阳能吸收器装置不可旋转地支撑在壳结构内部并与通过不可旋转地穿过中空轴的绝热传热导管流体连通。 壳体结构中可以包括光伏装置，用于将太阳能通量的至少一部分转换为电能，同时传热导管向光电装置提供必要的冷却。 这种特征的组合在传热流体中提供更高的太阳能效率和更高的温度。 该方法包括利用太阳能收集器装置跟踪太阳，从而最大限度地吸收所收集的太阳能量，同时消除扭转，从而使传热管道中的故障相互耦合。
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公开(公告)号：US4269168A
公开(公告)日：1981-05-26
申请号：US970761
申请日：1978-12-18
申请人： Steven A. Johnson
发明人： Steven A. Johnson
CPC分类号： F24J2/5424 , F24J2/06 , F24J2002/5462 , F24J2002/5468 , Y02E10/44 , Y02E10/47 , Y10S126/909
摘要： A solar energy collector apparatus and method, the apparatus including an open-top shell-like structure with a reflective optical system in the shell structure for directing solar energy toward a solar energy absorber apparatus inside the shell structure. The shell structure is mounted upon a hollow axle for rotation about its longitudinal axis and may be mounted for vertical movement to follow north-south changes in the apparent seasonal position of the sun. The solar energy absorber apparatus is nonrotatably mounted inside the shell structure in fluid communication with heat transfer conduits that pass through the hollow axle thereby avoiding rotatable couplings in the conduits. Photovoltaic apparatus for converting at least a portion of the solar spectrum to electrical energy may also be included in the shell structure. This combination of features provides higher solar efficiencies and higher temperatures in the heat transfer fluid. The method includes tracking the sun with the solar energy collector apparatus thereby maximizing the amount of solar energy collected while eliminating coupling failures in the heat transfer conduits.
摘要翻译： 一种太阳能收集器装置和方法，该装置包括在壳结构中具有反射光学系统的开顶壳状结构，用于将太阳能引导到壳结构内的太阳能吸收装置。 壳体结构安装在中空轴上以围绕其纵向轴线旋转，并且可以安装用于垂直运动以跟随太阳的明显季节性位置的南北变化。 太阳能吸收器装置不可旋转地安装在壳体结构内，与通过空心轴的传热导管流体连通，从而避免了导管中的可旋转接头。 用于将太阳光谱的至少一部分转换为电能的光伏装置也可以包括在壳结构中。 这种特征的组合在传热流体中提供更高的太阳能效率和更高的温度。 该方法包括利用太阳能收集器装置跟踪太阳，从而最大限度地吸收所收集的太阳能的量，同时消除传热导管中的耦合故障。
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公开(公告)号：US4222274A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-16
申请号：US942740
申请日：1978-09-15
申请人： Steven A. Johnson
发明人： Steven A. Johnson
CPC分类号： A61B8/0825 , A61B8/13 , A61B8/406 , G01S15/8913 , Y10S128/915
摘要： A ring of transmitter and receiver transducer arrays circumbscribes an object to be scanned. Semicircular wave fronts of ultrasound energy are propagated from different points around the ring of transducers by triggering the transmitter arrays in sequence. The reflected and transmitted ultrasound energy picked up by the receiver arrays is then electronically analyzed and a synthetically focused image corresponding to the scanned object is reconstructed on a display screen. Surprisingly high quality resolution for the reconstructed images is achieved by carefully controlling the type of waveform from which the displayed image is reconstructed. In one embodiment of the invention, the signals received by the receiver arrays are processed by a waveshaping circuit to achieve the desired waveform. In a second embodiment of the invention, the desired waveform is generated by a waveform generator circuit and transmitted by the transmitter arrays. The quality of resolution for the reconstructed image of reflection is further improved by obtaining, through a computer aided ray tracing technique, the connecting rays between each point in the object and each transmitter and receiver array element. Data sampling times for each point in the reconstructed image are then corrected for refraction by computer aided integration of the object's refractive index along each connecting ray. Correction of the sampled data for amplitude attenuation is similarly obtained by computer aided integration of the object's linear attenuation coefficient along the connecting rays.
摘要翻译： 发射器和接收器传感器阵列环绕着要扫描的物体。 通过依次触发发射机阵列，从传感器环周围的不同点传播超声能量的半圆波前。 然后电子分析由接收器阵列拾取的反射和透射的超声能量，并且在显示屏上重建与扫描对象相对应的合成聚焦图像。 通过仔细地控制重建显示图像的波形的类型，可以实现重建图像的高质量分辨率。 在本发明的一个实施例中，由接收器阵列接收的信号由波形形成电路处理以实现期望的波形。 在本发明的第二实施例中，期望的波形由波形发生器电路产生并由发射器阵列发送。 通过计算机辅助光线跟踪技术，通过获得物体中的每个点与每个发射器和接收器阵列元件之间的连接光线，进一步提高了重构的反射图像的分辨率的质量。 然后通过计算机辅助整合对象的每个连接射线的折射率来校正重建图像中每个点的数据采样时间以进行折射。 用于幅度衰减的采样数据的校正类似地通过计算机辅助整合物体沿着连接光线的线性衰减系数来获得。
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公开(公告)号：US4333448A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-08
申请号：US77805
申请日：1979-09-21
申请人： Steven A. Johnson
发明人： Steven A. Johnson
CPC分类号： F24J2/05 , F24J2/265 , F24J2/4645 , F24J2002/503 , F24J2002/5275 , F24J2002/5286 , Y02E10/44 , Y10S126/907
摘要： An improved apparatus and method for absorbing solar energy, the apparatus providing a sealed envelope having a transparent upper panel with a solar energy absorbing panel thermally isolated against convective and conductive heat losses by a partial vacuum in the sealed envelope. The transparent panel has an upwardly extending curvilinear surface which increases its strength characteristics against the pressure differential between the ambient and the partial vacuum inside the envelope. Support structure is also provided in conjunction with the apparatus to place the periphery of the transparent panel under constriction to compensate for tensile stresses imposed thereon by the pressure differential. The inside surface of the transparent panel and the absorber panel are selectively coated with an infrared reflective surface to reflect and reduce losses of infrared radiation emitted by the absorber panel.
摘要翻译： 一种用于吸收太阳能的改进的装置和方法，该装置提供具有透明上面板的密封外壳，其具有太阳能吸收板，其通过密封外壳中的部分真空热隔离以抵抗对流和导电的热损失。 透明面板具有向上延伸的曲线表面，其相对于外壳内的环境和部分真空之间的压力差增加其强度特性。 支撑结构还与设备一起提供，以使透明板的周边处于收缩状态以补偿由压差施加在其上的拉伸应力。 透明板和吸收板的内表面被选择性地涂覆有红外反射表面以反射并减少由吸收板发射的红外辐射的损失。
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5.发明授权Apparatus and method for imaging with wavefields using inverse scattering techniques 失效使用反散射技术用波场成像的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5588032A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-24
申请号：US961768
申请日：1992-10-14
IPC分类号： A61B8/08 , A61B8/14 , G01H3/12 , G01N23/205 , G01S7/285 , G01S13/10 , G01S13/89 , G01S15/04 , G01S15/88 , G01S15/89 , G01S15/96 , G01V1/00 , G06T11/00 , G01N23/201
CPC分类号： A61B5/4312 , A61B5/7257 , A61B8/0825 , A61B8/14 , G01H3/125 , G01N23/2055 , G01S13/89 , G01S15/8929 , G01S15/8938 , G01S15/895 , G01S15/8977 , G01V1/003 , G06T11/006 , A61B8/485 , G01S13/103 , G01S15/04 , G01S15/88 , G01S15/89 , G01S15/8913 , G01S15/96 , G06T2211/424 , G06T2211/428 , Y10S378/901
摘要： An apparatus and method for rapid real time imaging with wavefield energy by inverse scattering using a C.P.U programmed to process data derived from wavefield energy that has been transmitted and scattered by an object so as to reconstruct a wavefield image of the object. Electronic signals are propagated and are transduced into wavefield energy waves which in turn are propagated toward the object. Detector means detect the wavefield energy waves scattered by the object. The detected wavefield energy waves are then electronically processed and input into a high-speed digital computer which may comprise a C.P.U. and/or a C.P.U in combination with an array or parallel processor. Data is also prepared and input to the computer representing the incident field and the computer then reconstructs a high-quality image of the object having high spacial resolution and including actual internal viscous and elastic properties of the object through the use of new inverse scattering techniques used in the data processing steps. The media in which the object is embedded may be fluid or solid, homogeneous, or layered (such as stratigraphic layering, or ocean velocity layers, or layering of composites in nondestructive imaging applications), or may consist of porous material (either sedimentary deposits or composites in nondestructive testing).
摘要翻译： 一种用于通过使用被编程为处理由物体发射和散射的波场能量导出的数据的C.P.U通过反向散射来快速实时成像波场能量的装置和方法，以便重构物体的波场图像。 电子信号被传播并被转导成波场能量波，其又向着物体传播。 检测器意味着检测被物体散射的波场能量波。 然后将检测到的波场能量波电子处理并输入到可包括C.P.U.的高速数字计算机中。 和/或C.P.U与阵列或并行处理器组合。 数据也被准备好并且输入到表示事件场的计算机，并且计算机然后通过使用新的反向散射技术来重建具有高空间分辨率并且包括物体的实际内部粘性和弹性特性的高质量图像 在数据处理步骤中。 物体被嵌入的介质可能是流体或固体，均匀或分层的（例如地层分层或海洋速度层，或非破坏性成像应用中复合材料的分层），或可由多孔材料（沉积沉积物或 复合材料在非破坏性测试中）。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4662222A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-05
申请号：US684801
申请日：1984-12-21
申请人： Steven A. Johnson
发明人： Steven A. Johnson
CPC分类号： A61B8/406 , A61B8/0825 , G01S15/8913 , G01S15/895 , G01S15/8977 , G06T11/006
摘要： An apparatus and method for reconstructing an acoustic image of an object using a central processing unit programmed to process data derived from acoustic energy that has been transmitted at multiple frequencies and scattered by the object. Electronic signals are propagated at multiple frequencies and transduced into acoustic energy waves which are propagated toward an object. Transducer receivers detect the acoustic energy waves after they have been scattered by the object and the detected acoustic energy waves are then electronically processed and input into a high-speed digital computer which may comprise a central processing unit and/or a central processing unit in combination with an array processor. Data is also prepared and input to the computer representing the incident field and the computer then reconstructs a high-quality image of the scanned object so as to produce an image having high spacial resolution and including actual internal viscous and elastic properties of the object through the use of new inverse scattering techniques used in the data processing steps.
摘要翻译： 一种用于使用被编程为处理已经以多个频率发送并被对象散射的声能导出的数据的中央处理单元重建对象的声像的装置和方法。 电子信号以多个频率传播并转换成朝向物体传播的声能波。 传声器接收机在被物体散射之后检测声能波，然后将检测到的声能波电子地处理并输入到高速数字计算机中，高速数字计算机可以包括组合的中央处理单元和/或中央处理单元 与阵列处理器。 还准备数据并将其输入到表示入射场的计算机，然后计算机重建扫描对象的高质量图像，以便产生具有高空间分辨率的图像，并且包括物体的实际内部粘性和弹性特性 在数据处理步骤中使用新的反向散射技术。
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公开(公告)号：US4228353A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-14
申请号：US902208
申请日：1978-05-02
申请人： Steven A. Johnson
发明人： Steven A. Johnson
CPC分类号： G01F1/74 , G01F1/76 , G01N9/24 , Y10S378/901
摘要： An apparatus and method for elemental analysis and non-invasive measurement of the mass flow rate and/or density distribution of a multiple-phase system. The apparatus includes at least two X-ray sources, transmission detectors for the X-ray sources, fluorescence detectors, and collimators all of which are suitably indexed and multiplexed to provide information corresponding to the density distribution, elemental composition, phase composition, and/or flow rate of the system. Energy selective detectors are included in the apparatus to provide selective fluorescent radiation detection for fluorescence emitted by elements excited by the X-rays as a technique for obtaining an indication of the elemental composition of the system. X-ray sources and transmitted X-ray detectors are used to detect the density of the multiple-phase system at each point in a cross-section of the system. Corresponding second X-ray sources and detectors are mounted a moderately short distance from the first X-ray source and detector combination. The total mass flow rate and density distribution of the system is the integral over the area of the conduit for a plurality of point mass transfer rates and densities. A conventional computer system is included as part of the flowmeter and materials analysis apparatus to correlate and process the readings obtained by the various detectors and obtain thereby the mass flow rate, density and elemental composition of the multiple-phase system.
摘要翻译： 用于单相分析和非侵入式测量多相系统的质量流量和/或密度分布的装置和方法。 该装置包括至少两个X射线源，用于X射线源的透射检测器，荧光检测器和准直器，所有这些都被适当地索引和多路复用以提供对应于密度分布，元素组成，相组成和/ 或系统的流量。 能量选择性检测器包括在该装置中，以提供对由X射线激发的元件发射的荧光的选择性荧光辐射检测，作为获得系统的元素组成的指示的技术。 X射线源和透射X射线探测器用于检测系统横截面各点处多相系统的密度。 对应的第二X射线源和检测器安装在与第一X射线源和检测器组合相距较短的距离处。 对于多个点质量传递速率和密度，系统的总质量流率和密度分布是在管道的面积上的积分。 包括作为流量计和材料分析装置的一部分的常规计算机系统，用于关联并处理由各种检测器获得的读数，从而获得多相系统的质量流量，密度和元素组成。
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公开(公告)号：US4185616A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-29
申请号：US711334
申请日：1976-08-03
申请人： Steven A. Johnson
发明人： Steven A. Johnson
CPC分类号： F24J2/265 , F24J2/05 , F24J2002/5275 , Y02E10/44
摘要： An improved apparatus and method for absorbing solar energy, the apparatus providing a sealed envelope having a transparent upper panel with a solar energy absorbing panel thermally isolated against convective and conductive heat losses by a partial vacuum in the sealed envelope. The transparent panel has an upwardly extending curvilinear surface which increases its strength characteristics against the pressure differential between the ambient and the partial vacuum inside the envelope. Support structure is also provided in conjunction with the apparatus to place the periphery of the transparent panel under constriction to compensate for tensile stresses imposed thereon by the pressure differential. The inside surface of the transparent panel and the absorber panel are selectively coated with an infrared reflective surface to reflect and reduce losses of infrared radiation emitted by the absorber panel.
摘要翻译： 一种用于吸收太阳能的改进的装置和方法，该装置提供具有透明上面板的密封外壳，其具有太阳能吸收板，其通过密封外壳中的部分真空热隔离以抵抗对流和导电的热损失。 透明面板具有向上延伸的曲线表面，其相对于外壳内的环境和部分真空之间的压力差增加其强度特性。 支撑结构还与设备一起提供，以使透明板的周边处于收缩状态以补偿由压差施加在其上的拉伸应力。 透明板和吸收板的内表面被选择性地涂覆有红外反射表面以反射并减少由吸收板发射的红外辐射的损失。
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公开(公告)号：US4284839A
公开(公告)日：1981-08-18
申请号：US970673
申请日：1978-12-18
申请人： Steven A. Johnson
发明人： Steven A. Johnson
IPC分类号： F24J2/06 , F24J2/08 , F24J2/54 , G02B3/08 , H01L31/052 , H01L31/058 , H01L31/04 , F24J3/02
CPC分类号： F24J2/06 , F24J2/085 , F24J2/54 , G02B3/08 , H01L31/0543 , H01L31/0547 , H02S40/44 , F24J2002/5462 , F24J2002/5468 , Y02E10/43 , Y02E10/44 , Y02E10/47 , Y02E10/52 , Y02E10/60
摘要： A solar energy collector apparatus and method, the apparatus including an open-top shell-like structure. A Fresnel lens system and a mirror system inside the shell structure focus and direct solar energy toward a solar energy absorber apparatus also inside the shell structure. The shell structure is mounted upon a hollow axle in a framework for rotation about its longitudinal axis. The framework supports the longitudinal axis in a position generally parallel to the axis of rotation of the earth to provide an equatorial mounting for the solar energy collector. Rotation about the longitudinal axis adapts the solar collector for following the east-west movement of the sun. The optical apparatus in the shell structure is adapted for movement to follow the north-south seasonal changes in the sun's position. The solar energy absorber apparatus is nonrotatably supported inside the shell structure by the hollow axle and heat transfer conduits pass through the hollow axle to the solar energy absorber apparatus in nonrotable relationship therewith. A photovoltaic apparatus may be included within the shell structure for converting at least a portion of the incoming solar spectrum to electrical energy. This combination of features provides higher solar efficiencies and higher temperatures in the heat transfer fluid. The method includes tracking the sun with the solar energy collector apparatus thereby maximizing the amount of solar energy collected while eliminating coupling failures in the heat transfer conduits.
摘要翻译： 一种太阳能收集装置和方法，该装置包括开顶壳状结构。 外壳结构内的菲涅耳透镜系统和镜面系统也将壳体内部的太阳能吸收装置的太阳能聚焦和直接引向太阳能。 壳体结构安装在框架中的中空轴上，用于围绕其纵向轴线旋转。 该框架在大致平行于地球旋转轴线的位置上支撑纵向轴线，以提供用于太阳能收集器的赤道安装。 围绕纵轴的旋转适应太阳能收集器以跟随太阳的东西运动。 壳结构中的光学装置适于运动以跟随太阳位置的南北季节变化。 太阳能吸收器装置通过空心轴不能旋转地支撑在壳结构内部，并且传热导管以不可旋转的关系通过空心轴到太阳能吸收器装置。 壳体结构中可以包括光伏设备，用于将至少一部分进入的太阳光谱转换为电能。 这种特征的组合在传热流体中提供更高的太阳能效率和更高的温度。 该方法包括利用太阳能收集器装置跟踪太阳，从而最大限度地吸收所收集的太阳能的量，同时消除传热导管中的耦合故障。
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公开(公告)号：US4233960A
公开(公告)日：1980-11-18
申请号：US926680
申请日：1978-07-21
申请人： Steven A. Johnson
发明人： Steven A. Johnson
CPC分类号： F28D20/0034 , F28D20/02 , Y02E60/142 , Y02E60/145 , Y10S126/91
摘要： A heat storage apparatus and method including a heat storage medium encapsulated within a container and heat exchange apparatus for exchanging thermal energy with the heat storage medium. The heat storage medium may include a salt having a relatively high latent heat of reaction at a relatively low temperature range. The dehydration reaction of sodium sulfate decahydrate appears to the most promising reaction for this application. Other suitable salts and salt mixtures for other temperature ranges may also be used. The apparatus includes, where necessary, techniques for stirring the heat storage medium to inhibit stratification of the salt during cycles of dissolution and recrystallization or fusion.
摘要翻译： 一种蓄热装置和方法，包括：封装在容器内的储热介质和用于与所述蓄热介质交换热能的热交换装置。 储热介质可以包括在较低温度范围内具有较高反应潜热的盐。 十水硫酸钠的脱水反应似乎是本应用最有希望的反应。 也可以使用用于其它温度范围的其它合适的盐和盐混合物。 在必要时，该装置包括在溶解和重结晶或熔融的循环期间搅拌储热介质以抑制盐分层的技术。
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