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公开(公告)号：US4474582A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-02
申请号：US475994
申请日：1983-03-16
IPC分类号： C01B3/36
摘要： Trim control of a partial oxidation gas generator for the production of synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas is effected by two improved control schemes which are automatically operated separately or in sequence. The control systems include sensors sensing the flow rate of the feedstreams and analyzers which provide signals corresponding to the wt. % carbon in the effluent gas quench cooling and scrubbing water for use in controlling the particulate carbon in the effluent gas stream, and/or signals corresponding to the mole fractions of CO.sub.2, CH.sub.4, CO and H.sub.2 (dry basis) in the cooled and cleaned effluent gas stream for use in controlling the temperature in the reaction zone. The signals from the sensors and analyzers are provided to the system control unit which computes values that represent the relative difference between the actual and desired carbon-make and/or the actual temperature in the reaction zone, and the relative difference between the actual and desired temperature in the reaction zone. The actual temperature is determined as a function of the methane equilibrium constant. These values are automatically compared with set point values and when adjustments are necessary, signals from the system control unit are provided to a flow rate regulating means which adjusts the flow rate of the free-oxygen containing gas by a small determined amount for control of the particulate carbon and/or to a flow rate regulating means which adjusts the flow rate of the temperature moderator by a small determined amount for control of the temperature in the reaction zone.
摘要翻译： 用于生产合成气，还原气体或燃料气体的部分氧化气体发生器的修整控制是通过分别或按顺序自动操作的两种改进的控制方案实现的。 控制系统包括感测进料流和分析仪的流量的传感器，其提供对应于重量的信号。 流出气体淬火中的碳％冷却和洗涤用于控制流出物气体中的颗粒碳的水，和/或对应于冷却和清洁的CO 2，CH 4，CO和H 2（干基）的摩尔分数的信号 用于控制反应区温度的废气流。 来自传感器和分析仪的信号被提供给系统控制单元，该系统控制单元计算表示反应区域中实际和所需碳源和/或实际温度之间的相对差值的值，以及实际和期望碳 反应区温度。 确定实际温度作为甲烷平衡常数的函数。 这些值自动与设定值进行比较，当需要进行调整时，来自系统控制单元的信号被提供给流量调节装置，该装置调节含游离氧气体的流量用于控制 颗粒碳和/或流量调节装置，其调节温度调节剂的流量小于确定的量以控制反应区中的温度。
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公开(公告)号：US4119566A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-10
申请号：US801138
申请日：1977-05-27
CPC分类号： C01B3/36 , Y02P20/123
摘要： A nitrogen-rich inert gas mixture is produced by the partial oxidation of a hydrocarbonaceous feed containing substantially no metals nor noncombustible materials with air in a free-flow, unpacked, refractory-lined gas generator at a temperature in the range of about 1300.degree. to 3000.degree. F. and a pressure in the range of about 1 to 250 atmospheres. The product gas will comprise a mixture of nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide and may contain small amounts of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, depending on the O/C atomic ratio selected. The atomic ratio of free oxygen in said air to carbon in said hydrocarbonaceous fuel is in the range of about 1.7 to stoichiometric, or slightly less than stoichiometric. By operating at this level of O/C atomic ratio, the H.sub.2 + CO content of the product gas may be minimized or deleted, substantially all of the particulate carbon may be oxidized, substantially no NO.sub.x is produced, and the product gas contains substantially no free oxygen. Further, the sensible heat recovered from the product gas may be used to manufacture by-product high pressure steam for export. The nitrogen-rich product gas may be used for oil formation flooding, or as a pressurizing or blanketing gas. Costly gas compressors may be avoided since the product gas may be produced at or above use pressure.
摘要翻译： 通过在自由流，未包装的耐火材料衬里的气体发生器中在大约1300℃至大约1300℃的温度范围内部分氧化含有基本上不含金属和不可燃材料的空气的含烃原料来生产富氮惰性气体混合物 3000°F，压力范围约为1至250大气压。 产物气体将包含氮气，氩气和二氧化碳的混合物，并且可能含有少量氢气和一氧化碳，这取决于所选择的O / C原子比。 所述烃类燃料中所述空气中的碳与碳之间的游离氧的原子比在约1.7至化学计量的范围内，或略小于化学计量。 通过以这种O / C原子比水平操作，产物气体的H 2 + CO含量可以被最小化或者被消除，基本上所有的颗粒碳都可能被氧化，基本上没有产生NOx，并且产物气体基本上不含 游离氧气。 此外，从产物气体回收的显热可用于制造用于出口的副产物高压蒸汽。 富氮产物气体可用于油层淹没，或用作加压或覆盖气体。 因为可以在或高于使用压力下产生产品气体，所以可以避免成本高的气体压缩机。
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公开(公告)号：US4880439A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-14
申请号：US190707
申请日：1988-05-05
申请人： Mitri S. Najjar , Allen M. Robin
发明人： Mitri S. Najjar , Allen M. Robin
IPC分类号： C10J3/46
CPC分类号： C10J3/466 , C10K1/004 , C10K1/08 , C10J2200/152 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0996 , C10J2300/1223 , Y10S48/02
摘要： The hot process gas stream from the partial oxidation of sulfur-containing heavy liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel and/or sulfur-containing solid carbonaceous fuel comprising gaseous mixtures of H.sub.2 +CO, sulfur-containing gases, entrained particulate carbon, and molten slag is passed through the unobstructed central passage of a radiant cooler where the temperature is reduced to a temperature in the range of about 1800.degree. F. to 1200.degree. F. From about 0 to 95 wt. % of the molten slag and/or entrained material may be removed from the hot process gas stream prior to the radiant cooler with substantially no reduction in temperature of the process gas stream. In the radiant cooler, after substantially all of the molten slag has solidified, the sulfur-containing gases are contacted with a calcium-containing material to produce calcium sulfide. A partially cooled stream of synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas containing entrained calcium sulfide particulate matter, particulate carbon, and solidified slag leaves the radiant cooler containing a greatly reduced amount of sulfur-containing gases.
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公开(公告)号：US4057510A
公开(公告)日：1977-11-08
申请号：US617601
申请日：1975-09-29
CPC分类号： C01B3/36 , Y02P20/123
摘要： A nitrogen-rich inert gas mixture is produced by the partial oxidation of a hydrocarbonaceous feed containing substantially no metals nor noncombustible materials with air in a free-flow, unpacked, refractory-lined gas generator at a temperature in the range of about 1300.degree. to 3000.degree. F. and a pressure in the range of about 1 to 250 atmospheres. The product gas will comprise a mixture of nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide and may contain small amounts of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, depending on the O/C atomic ratio selected. The atomic ratio of free oxygen in said air to carbon in said hydrocarbonaceous fuel is in the range of about 1.7 to stoichiometric, or slightly less than stoichiometric. By operating at this level of O/C atomic ratio, the H.sub.2 + CO content of the product gas may be minimized or deleted, substantially all of the particulate carbon may be oxidized, substantially no NO.sub.x is produced, and the product gas contains substantially no free oxygen. Further, the sensible heat recovered from the product gas may be used to manufacture by-product high pressure steam for export. The nitrogen-rich product gas may be used for oil formation flooding, or as a pressurizing or blanketing gas. Costly gas compressors may be avoided since the product gas may be produced at or above use pressure.
摘要翻译： 通过在自由流，未包装的耐火材料衬里的气体发生器中在大约1300℃至大约1300℃的温度范围内部分氧化含有基本上不含金属和不可燃材料的空气的含烃原料来生产富氮惰性气体混合物 3000°F，压力范围约为1至250大气压。 产物气体将包含氮气，氩气和二氧化碳的混合物，并且可能含有少量氢气和一氧化碳，这取决于所选择的O / C原子比。 所述烃类燃料中所述空气中的碳与碳之间的游离氧的原子比在约1.7至化学计量的范围内，或略小于化学计量。 通过以这种O / C原子比水平操作，产物气体的H 2 + CO含量可以被最小化或者被消除，基本上所有的颗粒碳都可能被氧化，基本上没有产生NOx，并且产物气体基本上不含 游离氧气。 此外，从产物气体回收的显热可用于制造用于出口的副产物高压蒸汽。 富氮产物气体可用于油层淹没，或用作加压或覆盖气体。 因为可以在或高于使用压力下产生产品气体，所以可以避免成本高的气体压缩机。
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公开(公告)号：US5338489A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-16
申请号：US6028
申请日：1993-01-15
IPC分类号： B01J19/00 , C01B3/36 , C10J3/00 , C10J3/46 , C10J3/48 , F23J1/00 , F27D3/00 , C01B3/22 , C01B3/24
CPC分类号： C01B3/363 , C10J3/485 , C10J3/526 , C10J2200/152 , C10J2300/1223
摘要： Slag deposits in partial oxidation reactors, like coke gasifiers, are removed by controlling temperature and slag derivatization. Derivatized slag is fluidized and leaves the reactor without solidifying in and filling the reactor outlet.
摘要翻译： 通过控制温度和炉渣衍生化来除去部分氧化反应器中的渣渣，如焦炭气化器。 衍生的炉渣被流化并离开反应器而不固化并填充反应器出口。
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公开(公告)号：US4021366A
公开(公告)日：1977-05-03
申请号：US592132
申请日：1975-06-30
申请人： Allen M. Robin , Edward T. Child
发明人： Allen M. Robin , Edward T. Child
CPC分类号： C01B3/36 , C01B3/48 , C01B2203/0255 , C01B2203/0288 , C01B2203/0294 , C01B2203/0415 , C01B2203/049 , C01B2203/0877 , C01B2203/1011 , C01B2203/1041 , C01B2203/1047 , C01B2203/1052 , C01B2203/1076 , C01B2203/1094 , C01B2203/1205 , C01B2203/1211
摘要： This is a continuous process for producing hydrogen-rich gas. Successive beds of water-gas shift conversion catalysts of differing properties are employed in a shift converter to achieve an economical balance between catalyst activity and catalyst life. For example, a comparatively small fixed bed of highly active low temperature water-gas shift conversion catalyst may be loaded on top of a fixed bed of rugged low cost moderately active high temperature water-gas shift catalyst. A CO-rich gas and H.sub.2 O are introduced into the bed of low temperature shift catalyst where reaction takes place. The partially reacted gas stream leaves the bed of low temperature shift catalyst and is introduced into the bed of high temperature catalyst at a suitable temperature for triggering off therein the water gas shift reaction without the additon of heat from an external source. By this means it may be possible to produce hydrogen-rich gas with high conversions of CO to CO.sub.2, and to increase catalyst life at a moderate cost. It may also be possible to eliminate a feed heater or feed-product heat exchanger.
摘要翻译： 这是生产富氢气体的连续方法。 在换档转换器中采用了不同性能的水煤气变换催化剂的连续床，以实现催化剂活性和催化剂寿命之间的经济平衡。 例如，可以将高活性低温水煤气变换催化剂的比较小的固定床装载在坚固的低成本中等活性高温水煤气变换催化剂的固定床的顶部。 将富含CO的气体和H 2 O引入到发生反应的低温变换催化剂床中。 部分反应的气流离开低温变换催化剂床，并在合适的温度下引入高温催化剂床中，以在其中引发水煤气变换反应而不加入外部来源的热量。 通过这种方式，可以产生具有高CO转化为CO 2的富氢气体，并以适中的成本增加催化剂寿命。 还可以消除进料加热器或进料产品热交换器。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5441990A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-15
申请号：US242154
申请日：1994-05-13
申请人： Allen M. Robin , Robert M. Suggitt
发明人： Allen M. Robin , Robert M. Suggitt
IPC分类号： C01B3/48 , C07C29/151 , C01B3/12 , C01B3/16
CPC分类号： C01B3/48 , C07C29/1518 , C01B2203/025 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/0288 , C01B2203/04 , C01B2203/0415 , C01B2203/045 , C01B2203/0465 , C01B2203/0485 , C01B2203/0495 , C01B2203/06 , C01B2203/061 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/0877 , C01B2203/0883 , C01B2203/1041 , C01B2203/1047 , C01B2203/1052 , C01B2203/1082 , C01B2203/1094 , C01B2203/1205 , C01B2203/1258 , C01B2203/146 , C01B2203/148 , C01B2203/1614 , C01B2203/169
摘要： Part of CO-rich syngas, including volatile metal or any acid impurities, reacts with water making cleaned, heated, H.sub.2 -enriched syngas. The rest of the impure CO-rich syngas is combined with hot, H.sub.2 -enriched syngas making cleaned, H.sub.2 -rich syngas, useful for making methanol or oxo compounds.
摘要翻译： 富含CO的合成气的一部分，包括挥发性金属或任何酸性杂质，与制造清洁，加热的富H2合成气的制造水反应。 剩余的富含CO的合成气与热的富H2合成气合并，形成清洁的富H2合成气，可用于制备甲醇或氧代化合物。
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公开(公告)号：US5401282A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-28
申请号：US77270
申请日：1993-06-17
CPC分类号： C10J3/463 , C10J3/06 , C10J3/466 , C10J3/84 , C10K1/002 , C10K1/004 , C10K1/024 , C10K1/026 , C10K1/101 , C10K3/04 , C10J2300/1223 , C10J2300/1606 , C10J2300/1656 , C10J2300/1662 , C10J2300/1665 , C10J2300/1671 , C10J2300/1884 , C10J2300/1892 , Y10S48/02
摘要： A partial oxidation process for the production of a stream of hot clean gas substantially free from particulate matter, ammonia, alkali metal compounds, halides and sulfur-containing gas for use as synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas. A hydrocarbonaceous fuel comprising a solid carbonaceous fuel with or without liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel or gaseous hydrocarbon fuel, wherein said hydrocarbonaceous fuel contains halides, alkali metal compounds, sulfur, nitrogen and inorganic ash containing components, is reacted in a gasifier by partial oxidation to produce a hot raw gas stream comprising H.sub.2, CO, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O, CH.sub.4, NH.sub.3, HCl, HF, H.sub.2 S, COS, N.sub.2, Ar, particulate matter, vapor phase alkali metal compounds, and molten slag. The hot raw gas stream from the gasifier is split into two streams which are separately deslagged, cleaned and recombined. Ammonia in the gas mixture is catalytically disproportionated into N.sub.2 and H.sub.2. The ammonia-free gas stream is then cooled and halides in the gas stream are reacted with a supplementary alkali metal compound to remove HCl and HF. Alkali metal halides, vaporized alkali metal compounds and residual fine particulate matter are removed from the gas stream by further cooling and filtering. The sulfur-containing gases in the process gas stream are then reacted at high temperature with a regenerable sulfur-reactive mixed metal oxide sulfur sorbent material to produce a sulfided sorbent material which is then separated from the hot clean purified gas stream having a temperature of at least 1000.degree. F.
摘要翻译： 用于生产基本上不含颗粒物质的热清洁气体流的部分氧化方法，用作合成气，还原气体或燃料气体的氨，碱金属化合物，卤化物和含硫气体。 含有固体碳质燃料的含烃燃料，具有或不含液体烃类燃料或气态烃燃料，其中所述含烃燃料含有卤化物，碱金属化合物，硫，氮和含无机灰分的组分，在气化器中通过部分氧化反应，产生 包含H 2，CO，CO 2，H 2 O，CH 4，NH 3，HCl，HF，H 2 S，COS，N 2，Ar，颗粒物，气相碱金属化合物和熔融炉渣的热原料气流。 来自气化器的热原料气流被分成两股，分别去除，清洗和再结合。 气体混合物中的氨被催化歧化成N 2和H 2。 然后将无氨气流冷却，并将气流中的卤化物与补充的碱金属化合物反应以除去HCl和HF。 通过进一步冷却和过滤，将碱金属卤化物，汽化的碱金属化合物和残留的细颗粒物质从气流中除去。 然后，工艺气体流中的含硫气体在高温下与可再生的硫反应性混合金属氧化物硫吸附剂材料反应以产生硫化吸附剂材料，然后将其从温度为 至少1000°F
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公开(公告)号：US4828579A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-09
申请号：US164750
申请日：1988-03-07
CPC分类号： C10J3/485 , C10J3/845 , C10K1/101 , C10J2300/1223 , Y10S48/02
摘要： Reactor for gasifying a carbonaceous fuel to produce a usable gas, and comprising an insulated outer shell. A reaction chamber within the shell receives a fuel mixture from an injection burner. The products or effluent of gasification include hot produced gases which are passed through a constricted throat to be cooled in a liquid bath. A dip tube, which guides the hot effluent into the bath, is provided with a stream of coolant from a quench ring. The latter is supported below the reaction chamber and is provided with a thermal barrier along its surface that is exposed to the hot produced gas. The barrier will reduce thermal stress in the quench ring and reduce drain of heat from the gasifier throat, thus avoiding premature chilling of the slag component.
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公开(公告)号：US4474581A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-02
申请号：US475993
申请日：1983-03-16
摘要： Trim control of a partial oxidation gas generator for the production of synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas is effected by two improved control schemes which are automatically operated separately or in sequence. The control systems include sensors sensing the flow rate of the feedstreams and analyzers which provide signals corresponding to the wt. % carbon in the effluent gas quench cooling and scrubbing water for use in controlling the particulate carbon in the effluent gas stream, and/or signals corresponding to the mole fraction of CH.sub.4 (dry basis) in the cooled and cleaned effluent gas stream for use in controlling the temperature in the reaction zone. The signals from the sensors and analyzers are provided to the system control unit which computes values that represent the relative difference between the actual and desired carbon-make and/or the actual temperature in the reaction zone, and the relative difference between the actual and desired temperature in the reaction zone. The actual temperature is determined as a function of the methane concentration. These values are automatically compared with set point values and when adjustments are necessary, signals from the system control unit are provided to a flow rate regulating means which adjusts the flow rate of the free-oxygen containing gas by a small determined amount for control of the particulate carbon and/or to a flow rate regulating means which adjusts the flow rate of the temperature moderator by a small determined amount for control of the temperature in the reaction zone.
摘要翻译： 用于生产合成气，还原气体或燃料气体的部分氧化气体发生器的修整控制是通过分别或按顺序自动操作的两种改进的控制方案实现的。 控制系统包括感测进料流和分析仪的流量的传感器，其提供对应于重量的信号。 流出气体淬火冷却和洗涤水中的碳％用于控制流出物气流中的颗粒碳，和/或对应于冷却和清洁的废气流中CH4（干基）的摩尔分数的信号，用于 控制反应区的温度。 来自传感器和分析仪的信号被提供给系统控制单元，该系统控制单元计算表示反应区域中实际和所需碳源和/或实际温度之间的相对差值的值，以及实际和期望碳 反应区温度。 确定实际温度作为甲烷浓度的函数。 这些值自动与设定值进行比较，当需要进行调整时，来自系统控制单元的信号被提供给流量调节装置，该装置调节含游离氧气体的流量用于控制 颗粒碳和/或流量调节装置，其调节温度调节剂的流量小于确定的量以控制反应区中的温度。
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