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公开(公告)号：US4474581A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-02
申请号：US475993
申请日：1983-03-16
摘要： Trim control of a partial oxidation gas generator for the production of synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas is effected by two improved control schemes which are automatically operated separately or in sequence. The control systems include sensors sensing the flow rate of the feedstreams and analyzers which provide signals corresponding to the wt. % carbon in the effluent gas quench cooling and scrubbing water for use in controlling the particulate carbon in the effluent gas stream, and/or signals corresponding to the mole fraction of CH.sub.4 (dry basis) in the cooled and cleaned effluent gas stream for use in controlling the temperature in the reaction zone. The signals from the sensors and analyzers are provided to the system control unit which computes values that represent the relative difference between the actual and desired carbon-make and/or the actual temperature in the reaction zone, and the relative difference between the actual and desired temperature in the reaction zone. The actual temperature is determined as a function of the methane concentration. These values are automatically compared with set point values and when adjustments are necessary, signals from the system control unit are provided to a flow rate regulating means which adjusts the flow rate of the free-oxygen containing gas by a small determined amount for control of the particulate carbon and/or to a flow rate regulating means which adjusts the flow rate of the temperature moderator by a small determined amount for control of the temperature in the reaction zone.
摘要翻译： 用于生产合成气，还原气体或燃料气体的部分氧化气体发生器的修整控制是通过分别或按顺序自动操作的两种改进的控制方案实现的。 控制系统包括感测进料流和分析仪的流量的传感器，其提供对应于重量的信号。 流出气体淬火冷却和洗涤水中的碳％用于控制流出物气流中的颗粒碳，和/或对应于冷却和清洁的废气流中CH4（干基）的摩尔分数的信号，用于 控制反应区的温度。 来自传感器和分析仪的信号被提供给系统控制单元，该系统控制单元计算表示反应区域中实际和所需碳源和/或实际温度之间的相对差值的值，以及实际和期望碳 反应区温度。 确定实际温度作为甲烷浓度的函数。 这些值自动与设定值进行比较，当需要进行调整时，来自系统控制单元的信号被提供给流量调节装置，该装置调节含游离氧气体的流量用于控制 颗粒碳和/或流量调节装置，其调节温度调节剂的流量小于确定的量以控制反应区中的温度。
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公开(公告)号：US4466747A
公开(公告)日：1984-08-21
申请号：US434021
申请日：1982-10-12
申请人： George E. Fasching
发明人： George E. Fasching
CPC分类号： G01F23/22 , G01F23/0061 , G01F23/04 , Y10S48/10
摘要： An ash level meter for a fixed-bed coal gasifier is provided which utilizes the known ash level temperature profile to monitor the ash bed level. A bed stirrer which travels up and down through the extent of the bed ash level is modified by installing thermocouples to measure the bed temperature as the stirrer travels through the stirring cycle. The temperature measurement signals are transmitted to an electronic signal process system by an FM/FM telemetry system. The processing system uses the temperature signals together with an analog stirrer position signal, taken from a position transducer disposed to measure the stirrer position to compute the vertical location of the ash zone upper boundary. The circuit determines the fraction of each total stirrer cycle time the stirrer-derived bed temperature is below a selected set point, multiplies this fraction by the average stirrer signal level, multiplies this result by an appropriate constant and adds another constant such that a 1 to 5 volt signal from the processor corresponds to a 0 to 30 inch span of the ash upper boundary level. Three individual counters in the processor store clock counts that are representative of: (1) the time the stirrer temperature is below the set point (500.degree. F.), (2) the time duration of the corresponding stirrer travel cycle, and (3) the corresponding average stirrer vertical position. The inputs to all three counters are disconnected during any period that the stirrer is stopped, eliminating corruption of the measurement by stirrer stoppage.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于固定床煤气化器的灰度计，其利用已知的灰分温度分布来监测灰床水平。 通过安装热电偶来调节通过床灰水平程度上下移动的床式搅拌器，以在搅拌器通过搅拌循环时测量床温。 温度测量信号通过FM / FM遥测系统传输到电子信号处理系统。 处理系统将温度信号与模拟搅拌器位置信号一起使用，该位置信号取自设置用于测量搅拌器位置的位置传感器，以计算灰区上界的垂直位置。 电路确定搅拌器衍生的床温度低于所选设定点的每个总搅拌器循环时间的分数，将该分数乘以平均搅拌器信号水平，将该结果乘以适当的常数并加入另外的常数，使得1至 来自处理器的5伏信号对应于灰分上边界水平的0至30英寸的跨度。 处理器中的三个计数器存储时钟计数表示：（1）搅拌器温度低于设定点（500°F），（2）相应搅拌器行程循环的持续时间，（3） ）相应的平均搅拌器垂直位置。 在搅拌器停止的任何时间段内，所有三个计数器的输入都被断开，消除了搅拌器停止的测量结果。
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公开(公告)号：US4390348A
公开(公告)日：1983-06-28
申请号：US333159
申请日：1981-12-21
摘要： Trim control of a partial oxidation gas generator for the production of synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas is effected by two improved control schemes which are automatically operated separately or in sequence. The control systems include sensors sensing the flow rate of the feedstreams and analyzers which provide signals corresponding to the wt. % carbon in the effluent gas quench cooling and scrubbing water for use in controlling the particulate carbon in the effluent gas stream, and/or signals corresponding to the mole fraction of CH.sub.4 (dry basis) in the cooled and cleaned effluent gas stream for use in controlling the temperature in the reaction zone. The signals from the sensors and analyzers are provided to the system control unit which computes values that represent the relative difference between the actual and desired carbon-make and/or the actual temperature in the reaction zone, and the relative difference between the actual and desired temperature in the reaction zone. The actual temperature is determined as a function of the methane concentration. These values are automatically compared with set point values and when adjustments are necessary, signals from the system control unit are provided to a flow rate regulating means which adjusts the flow rate of the free-oxygen containing gas by a small determined amount for control of the particulate carbon and/or to a flow rate regulating means which adjusts the flow rate of the temperature moderator by a small determined amount for control of the temperature in the reaction zone.
摘要翻译： 用于生产合成气，还原气体或燃料气体的部分氧化气体发生器的修整控制是通过分别或按顺序自动操作的两种改进的控制方案实现的。 控制系统包括感测进料流和分析仪的流量的传感器，其提供对应于重量的信号。 流出气体淬火冷却和洗涤水中的碳％用于控制流出物气流中的颗粒碳，和/或对应于冷却和清洁的废气流中CH4（干基）的摩尔分数的信号，用于 控制反应区的温度。 来自传感器和分析仪的信号被提供给系统控制单元，该系统控制单元计算表示反应区域中实际和所需碳源和/或实际温度之间的相对差值的值，以及实际和期望碳 反应区温度。 确定实际温度作为甲烷浓度的函数。 这些值自动与设定值进行比较，当需要进行调整时，来自系统控制单元的信号被提供给流量调节装置，该装置调节含游离氧气体的流量用于控制 颗粒碳和/或流量调节装置，其调节温度调节剂的流量小于确定的量以控制反应区中的温度。
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公开(公告)号：US4390347A
公开(公告)日：1983-06-28
申请号：US333158
申请日：1981-12-21
摘要： Trim control of a partial oxidation gas generator for the production of synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas is effected by two improved control schemes which are automatically operated separately or in sequence. The control systems include sensors sensing the flow rate of the feedstreams and analyzers which provide signals corresponding to the wt. % carbon in the effluent gas quench cooling and scrubbing water for use in controlling the particulate carbon in the effluent gas stream, and/or signals corresponding to the mole fractions of CO.sub.2, CH.sub.4, CO and H.sub.2 (dry basis) in the cooled and cleaned effluent gas stream for use in controlling the temperature in the reaction zone. The signals from the sensors and analyzers are provided to the system control unit which computes values that represent the relative difference between the actual and desired carbon-make and/or the actual temperature in the reaction zone, and the relative difference between the actual and desired temperature in the reaction zone. The actual temperature is determined as a function of the methane equilibrium constant. These values are automatically compared with set point values and when adjustments are necessary, signals from the system control unit are provided to a flow rate regulating means which adjusts the flow rate of the free-oxygen containing gas by a small determined amount for control of the particulate carbon and/or to a flow rate regulating means which adjusts the flow rate of the temperature moderator by a small determined amount for control of the temperature in the reaction zone.
摘要翻译： 用于生产合成气，还原气体或燃料气体的部分氧化气体发生器的修整控制是通过分别或按顺序自动操作的两种改进的控制方案实现的。 控制系统包括感测进料流和分析仪的流量的传感器，其提供对应于重量的信号。 流出气体淬火中的碳％冷却和洗涤用于控制流出物气体中的颗粒碳的水，和/或对应于冷却和清洁的CO 2，CH 4，CO和H 2（干基）的摩尔分数的信号 用于控制反应区温度的废气流。 来自传感器和分析仪的信号被提供给系统控制单元，该系统控制单元计算表示反应区域中实际和所需碳源和/或实际温度之间的相对差值的值，以及实际和期望碳 反应区温度。 确定实际温度作为甲烷平衡常数的函数。 这些值自动与设定值进行比较，当需要进行调整时，来自系统控制单元的信号被提供给流量调节装置，该装置调节含游离氧气体的流量用于控制 颗粒碳和/或流量调节装置，其调节温度调节剂的流量小于确定的量以控制反应区中的温度。
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公开(公告)号：US5096463A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-17
申请号：US434013
申请日：1989-11-09
IPC分类号： C01B32/336 , C10B53/02 , C10J3/02
摘要： An improved gasification system, in which synthesis gas is produced through the operation of a fuel gas production bed comprising an upper layer (66) of organic input material, typically in the form of pellets or briquettes of substantially uniform size and configuration, two intermediate layers, one intermediate layer (70) for carbonizing the input material and the other intermediate layer (72) for partially oxidizing and substantially completely pyrolizing the input material and a lower layer (68) of tar-free charcoal. The gasification system includes a closed reaction chamber (10) which includes upper and lower portions (14/18). The cross-sectional area of the lower portion (18) is larger than the cross-sectional area of the upper portion (14), the lower portion further including an upper part which overlaps the lower part of the upper portion (14). The lower layer (68) of the gas production bed is supported by a star valve assembly (23) which extends across the cross-sectional area of the lower portion (18). A cone-shaped member (26) extends downwardly from the lower end of the lower portion (18). A shield element (32) extends directly downwardly from the lower end of the lower portion (18) for supporting the gasifier, defining an air chamber (51). A conduit (38) connects the air chamber (51) with an air inlet (47) at the top of the reaction chamber.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的气化系统，其中通过操作包括有机输入材料的上层（66）的燃料气体生产床来生产合成气，其通常为具有基本上均匀尺寸和构型的颗粒或团块的形式，两个中间层 ，一个中间层（70），用于对输入材料进行碳化，另一个中间层（72）用于部分氧化和基本上完全热解输入材料和下层（68）的无焦炭。 气化系统包括封闭的反应室（10），其包括上部和下部（14/18）。 下部（18）的截面积大于上部（14）的横截面积，下部还包括与上部（14）的下部重叠的上部。 气体生成床的下层（68）由跨越下部（18）的横截面积延伸的星形阀组件（23）支撑。 锥形构件（26）从下部（18）的下端向下延伸。 屏蔽元件（32）从下部（18）的下端直接向下延伸，用于支撑气化器，从而形成一个空气室（51）。 导管（38）将空气室（51）与反应室顶部的空气入口（47）连接。
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6.发明授权Process for determination and control of fuel mass flow in partial oxidation and gasification of a fine-grained to powdery fuel 失效用于确定和控制细粒度至粉末燃料的部分氧化和气化的燃料质量流量的方法
公开(公告)号：US4936870A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-26
申请号：US379808
申请日：1989-07-13
IPC分类号： C10J3/50
CPC分类号： C10J3/723 , C10J3/466 , C10J3/50 , C10J3/86 , C10J2300/1223 , C10J2300/165 , C10J2300/1884 , Y02E20/16 , Y02P20/129 , Y10S48/04 , Y10S48/10
摘要： The process for determining and controlling the fuel mass flow in partial oxidation and gasification of a fine-grained to powdery fuel includes particularly drawing the fuel from the supply vessel through a single outlet pipe and feeding the fuel to a distributor, in which a plurality of individual supply lines are connected to the individual burners, the fuel mass flow rate in the supply lines depending on the speed measured there and the radiometric density measurement being determined in the outlet pipe of the supply vessel. For control of the fuel mass flow a stepwise regulation depending on the crude gas flow produced in the gasification unit is thus provided.
摘要翻译： 用于确定和控制细粒度至粉末状燃料的部分氧化和气化的燃料质量流量的方法特别包括通过单个出口管从供应容器中抽取燃料并将燃料供给到分配器，其中多个 单独的供应管线连接到单个燃烧器，供应管线中的燃料质量流量取决于在那里测量的速度，并且辐射密度测量在供应容器的出口管中确定。 为了控制燃料质量流，因此提供了依赖于在气化单元中产生的粗气流的逐步调节。
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公开(公告)号：US4676805A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-30
申请号：US707719
申请日：1985-03-04
CPC分类号： C10J3/723 , C01B3/36 , C10J3/466 , C10J3/526 , C10J3/74 , C10J3/78 , C10J3/84 , C10K1/08 , C10J2300/0943 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/1846 , Y10S48/10
摘要： A method is provided for turning down from design conditions or below the output of raw product gas from a free-flow partial oxidation gas generator, or when operating below design conditions the output of raw product gas from the gas generator may be turned up while maintaining substantially constant the efficiency of the gas generation, or conversion of the fuel to gas, and the quality of the gas produced. The flow rates of the feedstreams to the burner are adjusted down or up a predetermined amount for each of the feedstreams to the burner to obtain a specified output of raw product gas while maintaining substantially constant in the reaction zone the levels of O/C atomic ratio and the H.sub.2 O/fuel weight ratio. Further, a pressure adjustment in the system is made which produces a corresponding adjustment to the pressure in the gas generator. The adjusted pressure is a direct function of the adjusted flow rate for the adjusted fuel or oxidant feedstream.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于从设计条件或低于原料气体从自由流动部分氧化气体发生器输出的方法，或者当在设计条件下操作时，来自气体发生器的原料气体的输出可以在保持 气体产生的效率基本上恒定，或燃料转化为气体，以及产生的气体的质量。 将进入燃烧器的进料流的流量向着燃烧器的每个进料流向下或向上调节预定量，以获得原始产物气体的特定输出，同时在反应区域保持基本上恒定的O / C原子比 和H2O /燃料重量比。 此外，进行系统中的压力调节，其对气体发生器中的压力进行相应的调整。 调节压力是调整后的燃料或氧化剂进料流的调节流量的直接函数。
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公开(公告)号：US4421523A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-20
申请号：US377231
申请日：1982-05-11
申请人： Gautam I. Mehta , Lynn M. Rogers
发明人： Gautam I. Mehta , Lynn M. Rogers
CPC分类号： B01J8/1809 , C10J3/482 , C10J3/54 , C10J3/723 , C10J3/78 , B01J2208/00584 , B01J2208/0061 , B01J2208/00725 , B01J2219/002 , B01J2219/00218 , B01J2219/00231 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/1823 , Y10S48/04 , Y10S48/10
摘要： In a fluidized bed apparatus a method for controlling the height of the fdized bed, taking into account variations in the density of the bed. The method comprises taking simultaneous differential pressure measurements at different vertical elevations within the vessel, averaging the differential pressures, determining an average fluidized bed density, then periodically calculating a weighting factor. The weighting factor is used in the determination of the actual bed height which is used in controlling the fluidizing means.
摘要翻译： 在流化床设备中，考虑到床的密度的变化来控制流化床的高度的方法。 该方法包括在容器内的不同垂直高度处进行同时差压测量，平均差压，确定平均流化床密度，然后周期性地计算加权因子。 加权因子用于确定用于控制流化装置的实际床高度。
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公开(公告)号：US4400180A
公开(公告)日：1983-08-23
申请号：US272419
申请日：1981-06-10
申请人： Charles P. Marion , William B. Crouch , Albert Brent , George N. Richter , Edward T. Child , Blake Reynolds
发明人： Charles P. Marion , William B. Crouch , Albert Brent , George N. Richter , Edward T. Child , Blake Reynolds
CPC分类号： C01B3/363 , C01B3/32 , C10J3/466 , C10J3/506 , C10J3/723 , C10J3/74 , C10J3/76 , C10J3/78 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0943 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0966 , C10J2300/0969 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/1823 , C10J2300/1846 , Y10S48/07 , Y10S48/10
摘要： A partial oxidation process and control system for continuously producing synthesis gas, fuel gas or reducing gas in which one process fuel is replaced by a different fuel without shutting down or depressurizing the gas generator. This multifuel process is not tied to one particular fuel and reacts slurries of solid carbonaceous fuel and/or liquid or gaseous hydrocarbonaceous fuels. Suitable burners for introducing the feedstreams into the gas generator comprise a central conduit means radially spaced from a concentric coaxial outer conduit having a downstream exit nozzle, and providing a coaxial annular passage means therebetween. The central conduit means may be retracted upstream from the burner face a distance of about 0 to 12 and preferably 3 to 10 times the minimum diameter of the central exit orifice. A premix zone is preferably provided comprising one or more, say 2 to 5 coaxial chambers in series where substantial mixing of the reactant streams and optionally volatilization of the slurry medium takes place. A control system is provided for switching the type of reactant fuel stream flowing through either the central conduit means or the annular passage means of the burner and adjusting the flow rates of the reactant stream of free-oxygen containing gas.
摘要翻译： 用于连续生产合成气，燃料气体或还原气体的部分氧化过程和控制系统，其中一个工艺燃料被不同的燃料代替，而不关闭或减压气体发生器。 这种多种方法不与一种特定的燃料相关联，并且反应固体碳质燃料和/或液体或气态烃类燃料的浆料。 用于将进料流引入气体发生器的合适的燃烧器包括与具有下游出口喷嘴的同心同轴外管径向间隔开的中心管道装置，并在其间提供同轴的环形通道装置。 中心导管装置可以从燃烧器表面的上游缩回到中心出口孔的最小直径的约0至12的距离，优选地为3至10倍。 优选地提供包含一个或多个，例如2至5个同轴室的预混合区，其中基本上混合反应物流并任选地使浆料介质挥发。 提供了一种控制系统，用于切换流过燃烧器的中心管道装置或环形通道装置的反应物燃料流的类型并调节含游离氧气体的反应物流的流速。
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10.发明授权Method and apparatus for generating a gas mixture to be formed through catalytic conversion of fuel and a gas serving as an oxygen carrier 失效用于产生通过催化转化燃料和用作氧载体的气体形成的气体混合物的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US3897225A
公开(公告)日：1975-07-29
申请号：US37242273
申请日：1973-06-21
申请人： SIEMENS AG
摘要： An improved gas reformer for generating a gas mixture through the catalytic conversion of a vaporized, gasified or atomized liquid fuel which has been mixed with an oxygen containing gas, in which a plurality of successive reaction stages are provided so that fuel not converted in a first reaction stage is converted in a further, succeeding reaction stage. The oxygen containing gas is mixed with the output of each reaction stage which is to be converted in a further reaction stage and the amount of oxygen in the oxygen containing gas in the mixture provided to each reaction stage is controlled in that reaction stage such that the amount of oxygen in the gas mixture is increased with decreasing temperature.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的气体重整器，用于通过催化转化已经与含氧气体混合的汽化，气化或雾化的液体燃料产生气体混合物，其中设置多个连续的反应级，使得在第一 反应阶段在另外的后续反应阶段转化。 将含氧气体与待进一步反应阶段转化的每个反应级的输出混合，并在该反应阶段控制提供给每个反应级的混合物中的含氧气体中的氧的量，使得 气体混合物中的氧气的量随着温度的降低而增加。
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