Abstract:
Method of adjusting the viscosity of a salt having a melting point of less than 100° C. at atmospheric pressure (referred to as ionic liquid for short), wherein an oligomeric or polymeric compound which has a content of at least 0.01 mol of covalently bound acid groups/100 g of compound with at least 1% of the acid groups being present as a salt with an organic cation comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus is added to the ionic liquid.
Abstract:
Process for preparing homoallyl alcohols by catalyzed reaction of alkenes with aldehydes or ketones, wherein the reaction is carried out in the gas phase in the presence of noncovalently supported ionic liquid phase catalysts.
Abstract:
Method of adjusting the viscosity of a salt having a melting point of less than 100° C. at atmospheric pressure (referred to as ionic liquid for short), wherein a compound which has a content of at least 0.1 mol of functional groups/100 g of compound and in which the functional groups are selected from among acid, acid amide, amino, ammonium and hydroxyl groups is added to the ionic liquid.
Abstract:
A process for rendering an oxygen-sensitive heterogeneous catalyst (s-cat) inert to oxygen, as well as a heterogeneous catalyst that is not sensitive to oxygen, is disclosed. The surface of the s-cat is wetted with an ionic liquid. The ionic liquid firmly adhering to the surface of the catalyst forms a film, which protects the s-cat from reactions with oxygen.
Abstract:
Salts of the anion of di-, tri- or tetrathiophosphoric acid of the formula I in which Z1 and Z2 are each independently an oxygen or sulfur atom, and Ra and Rb are each independently an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a cation which comprises a heterocyclic ring system having one to three nitrogen atoms.
Abstract:
A process for producing porous structures from polyamide by dissolving the polyamide in an ionic liquid and precipitating or coagulating the dissolved polyamide by contacting the solution with a liquid precipitant medium. Fibers are produced from the dissolved polyamide in a wet-spinning process by precipitation in protic solvents, in particular water, a C1-4-alkanol or mixtures thereof, and subsequent freeze-drying. Foils, films or coatings are produced by blade coating the dissolved polyamide onto a substrate surface, optionally spraying with protic solvent, in particular water, a C1-4-alcohol or mixtures thereof, dipping into a precipitation or coagulation bath, freeze-drying of the resulting foil, of the film or of the coated substrate. Molded parts are prepared by extracting the dissolved polyamide with protic solvents, preferably water, a C1-4-alcohol or mixtures thereof, wherein the dissolved polymer is transformed to a solid or wax-like state by cooling and extracted after subsequent molding.
Abstract:
Use of a composition comprisinga) at least one imidazolium salt of the formula I where R1 and R3 are each, independently of one another, an organic radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R2, R4 and R5 are each, independently of one another, an H atom or an organic radical having up to 20 carbon atoms and A− is an anion, and b) at least one carboxylate selected from among those of the formula IIa of the formula IIb and the formula IIc where the radicals R1 to R5 are as defined above, as operating material in industrial apparatuses.
Abstract:
Process for preparing homoallyl alcohols by catalyzed reaction of alkenes with aldehydes or ketones, wherein the reaction is carried out in the gas phase in the presence of noncovalently supported ionic liquid phase catalysts.
Abstract:
Method of adjusting the viscosity of a salt having a melting point of less than 100° C. at atmospheric pressure (referred to as ionic liquid for short), wherein an oligomeric or polymeric compound which has a content of at least 0.01 mol of covalently bound acid groups/100 g of compound with at least 1% of the acid groups being present as a salt with an organic cation comprising at least one heteroatom selected from among nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus is added to the ionic liquid.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an operating fluid for a steam cycle process apparatus comprising a steam generator, an expander, a condenser and a reservoir for the operating fluid, comprising a working medium that evaporates by supplying heat in the steam generator, performs mechanical work in the vapour phase by expanding in the expander and condenses in the condenser and an ionic liquid which forms a mixture with the working medium, wherein the melting point of the mixture lies below −5° C.