摘要:
Spiro compounds of the formula (I), in which at least one of the radicals K1, L, M, N1, R1, R2, R3, R4 is one of the following groups are suitable as charge transport materials, in particular for photovoltaic cells, and as electroluminescence materials.
摘要:
A device for the detection of electromagnetic radiation, wherein the device has (i) a photoactive layer of a semiconductor having a band gap of greater than 2.5 eV, (ii) a dye applied to the semiconductor, and (iii) a charge transport layer comprising a hole conductor material, where the hole conductor material is preferably solid and amorphous.
摘要:
A conjugated polymer comprising repeating units of the formula (I), ##STR1## where the symbols and indices have the following meanings: .PSI. is an element of the 4th main group of the Periodic Table with the exception of carbon;D, E, F, G are identical or different and are --CR.sup.1 R.sup.2 --, --O--, --S--, --NR.sup.3 -- or a chemical bond;U is --CR.sup.4 .dbd.CR.sup.5 -- or a chemical bond;V is as defined for U or is --CR.sup.1 R.sup.2 --, --O--, --S--, --NR.sup.3 --, --SiR.sup.1 R.sup.2 --, --SO.sub.2 --, --O--, --CO--;A are identical or different and are H, a C.sub.1 --C.sub.20 -hydrocarbon radical which can also contain heteroatoms;T is --O--, --S--, --NR.sup.3 --, --CR.sup.1 R.sup.2 --, --CH.dbd.N--, --CA.dbd.CA--, --CH.dbd.CA--, --CH.dbd.CF-- or --CF.dbd.CF--;K, Q are identical or different hydrocarbon radicals which can contain heteroatoms and have conjugated electron systems;M, L are H or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, Br, Cl, F, CN, NO.sub.2 or CF.sub.3 ;m, n are identical or different and are 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and wherein said polymer is suitable as an electroluminescence material.
摘要翻译:包含式(I),(I)的重复单元的共轭聚合物,其中符号和指数具有以下含义:PSI是元素周期表第4主要组分的元素,除了碳; D,E,F,G相同或不同,为-CR1R2-,-O - , - S-,-NR3-或化学键; U是-CR4 = CR5-或化学键; V如对于U或为-CR 1 R 2 - , - O - , - S - , - NR 3 - , - SiR 1 R 2 - , - SO 2 - , - O - , - CO- A相同或不同,为H,也可含有杂原子的C 1 -C 20烃基; T是-O - , - S - , - NR 3 - , - CR 1 R 2 - , - CH = N-,-CA = CA-,-CH = CA-,-CH = CF-或-CF = CF-; K,Q是可以含有杂原子并具有共轭电子系统的相同或不同的烃基; M,L是H或具有1至22个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,Br,Cl,F,CN,NO 2或CF 3; m,n相同或不同,为0,1,2,3或4; 并且其中所述聚合物适合作为电致发光材料。
摘要:
Use of spiro compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## where K.sup.1 and K.sup.2 are, independently of one another, conjugated systems, in electroluminescence devices. Preferred compounds of the formula (I) are 9,9'-spirobifluorene derivatives of the formula (II) ##STR2## where the benzo groups can be substituted independently of one another. Compounds of the formula (I) have a good solubility in customary organic solvents, improved film-forming properties and a significantly reduced tendency to crystallize. The production of electroluminescence devices is thereby made easier and their service life is increased.
摘要:
Conjugated polymers containing ansa substructures and their use as electroluminescence materials. Conjugated polymers containing ansa substructures, which contain aromatic groups and in which adjacent aromatic groups are connected to one another in such a way that one ring atom of one aromatic group is directly linked to one ring atom of the other aromatic group and any further linkages of these two aromatic groups are possible only via a bridge containing at least one tetravalent carbon atom and/or heteroatom. The polymers of the invention having ansa substructures are outstandingly suitable as electroluminescence materials, since they have a very high color purity.
摘要:
Substituted thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes, processes for their preparation and their useCompounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R is a C.sub.1 - to C.sub.22 -alkyl radical,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are hydrogen or methyl orA.sup.1 is hydrogen and A.sup.2 is the nitro group, andB is the cyano group, the nitro group or an electron-attracting organic group having a double bond which is in conjugation with the thieno[3,2-b]thiophene ring system,have a high dipole moment and a high polarizability and are suitable for purposes of nonlinear optics. If R in the formula I is a C.sub.12 - to C.sub.22 -alkyl radical, monomolecular layers can be applied to a substrate by the Langmuir-Blodgett method. The resulting layer elements are suitable, inter alia, as waveguides.
摘要:
In order to continuously produce an ultrathin, ordered layer of amphiphilic molecules on the surface of a polar liquid a directed flow of the polar liquid is produced in a duct which contains the amphiphilic molecules in dissolved or undissolved form on the surface in spread form. In the duct, a duct section having a relatively high flow rate on the surface and comprising a ramp which is arranged at the bottom of the duct and washed over by the polar liquid is provided. This is followed by a duct section having a relatively low flow rate on the surface, in which the flow is dammed up at an obstacle at a liquid level constant with time, so that an ultrathin, ordered layer of amphiphilic molecules is continuously formed in these duct sections at the polar liquid/air interface by compression of the flow. The washed over ramp is movable.
摘要:
Amphiphilic monomers with mixed-chain structures of the formula ##STR1## in which Y denotes --O-- or --NH--X denotes a group of the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- or --(CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2).sub.n --l denotes an integer from 0 to 10,n denotes an integer from 1 to 10,R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen, methyl, chlorine, cyano, fluorine or bromine,R.sup.2 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 -fluoroalkyl andR.sup.3 denotes C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 -alkyl or C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 -fluoralkyl, with the proviso that the groups R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 contain a different number of carbon atoms. The monomers are polymerized on their own or together with other comonomers. The polymers obtained are suitable for the preparation of ultra-thin layers on a suitable layer support.
摘要:
An active-matrix electronic display including a switching circuit for each pixel to control the optical state of the display. The switching circuit includes at least one diode and at least one load impedance for each circuit. The front plane electrode of the display may be unpatterned over a significant portion of the display. The display architecture is especially useful for bi-stable display media that require active matrix addressing, for example electrophoretic displays, and for applications using diodes based on organic semiconductors and/or printed diodes.
摘要:
An electronic device comprising two adjacent regions of materials with different electric properties is characterized in that one of the regions is formed by a columnar structure of a discotic liquid crystal material, said structure having interspaces defined between columns of said discotic liquid crystal material, said interspaces being part of the other region and comprising a second material having electric properties different from that of said discotic liquid crystal. The invention also relates to a method for producing an electronic structure for such devices.