公开(公告)号：US4721699A

公开(公告)日：1988-01-26

申请号：US900824

申请日：1986-08-27

申请人： Dietrich Wagener ,  Karl H. Laue ,  Egmar Wunderlich ,  Theo Sander ,  Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler ,  Blagoje Levkov ,  Daniel Grimm ,  Hartmut Kainer ,  Hermann Stein

发明人： Dietrich Wagener ,  Karl H. Laue ,  Egmar Wunderlich ,  Theo Sander ,  Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler ,  Blagoje Levkov ,  Daniel Grimm ,  Hartmut Kainer ,  Hermann Stein

IPC分类号： B01D53/86 ,  B01J35/04

CPC分类号： B01D53/8631 ,  B01J35/04 ,  F01N2330/06

摘要： A structure made from catalyst for use in the separation of nitrogen oxides from combustion exhaust gases which contain dust. The catalytic structure has plates with spaces therebetween to carry a flow of the exhaust gas therethrough. The catalyst is constructed of individual ceramic plates. The abrasion or wear resistance of the plates is chosen such that the dust in the exhaust gases flowing through the spaces abrades the plate surface at a rate which is at least equivalent to the deactivation of the catalyst surface by action of the nitrogen oxides, which constantly provides a fresh catalyst surface for reaction with the nitrogen oxides. The movement of the exhaust gas through the catalytic structure carries the dust and abraded material along with it and out of the structure.

摘要翻译： 由用于从含有灰尘的燃烧废气中分离氮氧化物的催化剂制成的结构。 催化结构具有在其间具有间隔的板，以使废气流过其中。 催化剂由单独的陶瓷板构成。 选择板的磨损或耐磨性，使得流过空间的废气中的灰尘以至少等于通过氮氧化物的作用使催化剂表面的失活至少相当的速率磨损板表面，氮气氧化物的作用不断 提供了与氮氧化物反应的新鲜催化剂表面。 废气通过催化结构的运动将灰尘和磨损材料与其一起携带并离开结构。

公开(公告)号：US4318997A

公开(公告)日：1982-03-09

申请号：US148150

申请日：1980-05-09

申请人： Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler

发明人： Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler

IPC分类号： B01J8/28 ,  B01J23/00 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C1/00 ,  C07C1/04 ,  C07C9/04 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C10K3/04

CPC分类号： C10K3/04 ,  B01J8/28 ,  C07C1/0485 ,  B01J2208/00132 ,  B01J2208/00495 ,  B01J2208/00548

摘要： A process for the multi-stage catalytic methanization of a carbon monoxide-containing and hydrogen-containing feed gas at high pressure and temperature is carried out in three stages. In the first stage the feed gas is premethanized at a temperature of from 400.degree. to 500.degree. C.; in a second stage the premethanized gas is converted and in a third stage the converted gas is finally methanized at a temperature of from 300.degree. to 380.degree. C. Apparatus for carrying out this process preferably comprises a single elongated pressure reactor which is divided into three reaction zones each of which contains a reaction catalyst formed into a fluidized bed. The feed gas preferably flows upwards through the reactor firstly through the first fluidized bed, then through the second fluidized bed and finally through the third fluidized bed after which the product gas is withdrawn from the top of the reactor. The reactions takes place isothermally and for this purpose each of the zones is preferably provided with an independent cooling system.

摘要翻译： 一氧化碳含氢和含氢进料气体在高压和高温下多级催化甲烷化的方法分三个阶段进行。 在第一阶段，进料气体在400-500℃的温度下进行预甲烷化; 在第二阶段中，预加气的气体被转化，并且在第三阶段中，转化气体最终在300℃至380℃的温度下甲烷化。用于进行该方法的装置优选包括单个细长的压力反应器，其分为三个 反应区各自含有形成流化床的反应催化剂。 进料气体优选首先通过反应器向上流过反应器，然后通过第一流化床，然后通过第二流化床，最后通过第三流化床，然后将产物气体从反应器的顶部排出。 反应是等温发生的，为此，每个区域优选地设置有独立的冷却系统。

公开(公告)号：US4259312A

公开(公告)日：1981-03-31

申请号：US81615

申请日：1979-10-03

申请人： Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler

发明人： Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler

IPC分类号： C07C1/02 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J8/00 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J8/04 ,  C01B3/16 ,  C07C1/00 ,  C07C1/04 ,  C07C1/10 ,  C07C9/00 ,  C07C67/00 ,  F16J12/00 ,  B01J3/03 ,  B01J12/00

CPC分类号： C01B3/16 ,  B01J8/0005 ,  B01J8/0453 ,  C07C1/042

摘要： An outer enclosed pressure container is formed of a simple steel material. An inner enclosed container is positioned within the pressure container such that there is an intermediate space therebetween. Catalyst layers are provided within the inner container. A gas containing a reducing component and water vapor are introduced into the inner container and are therein reacted by means of the catalyst to perform a desired reducing reaction. At least part of the water vapor is alone introduced into the intermediate space to thereby pressurize the intermediate space to substantially the same pressure as occurs within the inner container. The water vapor in the intermediate space operates to protect the wall of the pressure container from the temperatures occurring due to the catalytic reaction within the inner container. The water vapor is removed from the intermediate space and is at least partially added to the gas containing a reducing component before the introduction thereof into the inner container.

摘要翻译： 外封闭压力容器由简单的钢材形成。 内密封容器位于压力容器内，使得它们之间存在中间空间。 催化剂层设置在内部容器内。 将含有还原成分和水蒸气的气体引入内容器中，并通过催化剂进行反应，进行所需的还原反应。 至少一部分水蒸气被单独引入中间空间，从而将中间空间加压到与内容器内发生的基本相同的压力。 中间空间中的水蒸汽用于保护压力容器的壁免受内容器内由于催化反应而发生的温度。 从中间空间除去水蒸汽，并且在将其引入到内容器中之前至少部分地添加到含有还原组分的气体中。

公开(公告)号：US4751212A

公开(公告)日：1988-06-14

申请号：US938525

申请日：1986-12-05

申请人： Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler ,  Karl H. Laue ,  Klaus Merkel ,  Arnold Max ,  Werner Stender ,  Johann Jansen ,  Hartmut Kainer ,  Daniel Grimm ,  Blagoje Levkov

发明人： Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler ,  Karl H. Laue ,  Klaus Merkel ,  Arnold Max ,  Werner Stender ,  Johann Jansen ,  Hartmut Kainer ,  Daniel Grimm ,  Blagoje Levkov

IPC分类号： B01D53/86 ,  B01J23/745 ,  B01J23/74 ,  B01J27/053 ,  C01B21/00

CPC分类号： B01J23/745 ,  B01D53/8628

摘要： The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a catalyst for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases. The catalyst contains a metal oxide. The catalyst is preferably used for catalytic reduction with ammonia. The process comprises screening a natural goethite iron ore to the required grain size and then treating the ore with sulfuric acid. Subsequently, the goethite iron ore is heated to a temperature which approximately equals the temperature at which it will be used in the catalytic reaction.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及制备用于还原废气中的氮氧化物的催化剂的方法。 催化剂含有金属氧化物。 该催化剂优选用于用氨催化还原。 该方法包括将天然针铁矿铁矿筛选成所需的粒度，然后用硫酸处理矿石。 随后，将针铁矿铁矿石加热到与催化反应中使用的温度大致相等的温度。

公开(公告)号：US4695559A

公开(公告)日：1987-09-22

申请号：US831142

申请日：1986-02-19

申请人： Dietrich Wagener ,  Karl H. Laue ,  Egmar Wunderlich ,  Theo Sander ,  Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler ,  Biagoje Levkov ,  Daniel Grimm ,  Hartmut Kainer ,  Hermann Stein ,  Hans-Eugen Buhler ,  Horst Kalfa ,  Johann Jansen ,  Werner Stender ,  Arnold Max

发明人： Dietrich Wagener ,  Karl H. Laue ,  Egmar Wunderlich ,  Theo Sander ,  Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler ,  Biagoje Levkov ,  Daniel Grimm ,  Hartmut Kainer ,  Hermann Stein ,  Hans-Eugen Buhler ,  Horst Kalfa ,  Johann Jansen ,  Werner Stender ,  Arnold Max

IPC分类号： B01D53/94 ,  B01D53/86 ,  B01J23/86 ,  B01J37/04 ,  B01J21/18 ,  B01J27/053 ,  B01J27/18

CPC分类号： B01J37/04 ,  B01D53/8628 ,  B01J23/862

摘要： A catalyst for use with ammonia for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides in waste gases. The catalyst comprises a mixture of substances which has high activity and selectivity with regard to nitrogen oxide conversion and high sorption capabilities with regard to ammonia, but low oxidation capabilities with regard to sulfur dioxide, ammonia, or similar substances. The invention also provides a process for the manufacture and use of such catalysts.

摘要翻译： 用于氨的催化剂用于选择性还原废气中的氮氧化物。 催化剂包括对于氮氧化物转化和对氨具有高吸附能力而具有高活性和选择性的物质的混合物，但对于二氧化硫，氨或类似物质的氧化能力低。 本发明还提供了制备和使用这种催化剂的方法。

公开(公告)号：US4539016A

公开(公告)日：1985-09-03

申请号：US257352

申请日：1981-04-24

申请人： Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler ,  Werner Lommerzheim

发明人： Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler ,  Werner Lommerzheim

IPC分类号： C10K3/02 ,  B01J8/18 ,  C07C1/04 ,  C10K3/04

CPC分类号： B01J8/1836 ,  C07C1/048 ,  B01J2208/00132 ,  B01J2208/00256 ,  B01J2208/00274

摘要： In methanizing CO and H.sub.2 containing charge gases, the charge gas is passed upwardly through a vertically extending fluidized bed reactor flowing, in turn, through a fluidized bed zone, a dust bed zone and a separation zone. From the separation zone, the gas is conveyed out of the reactor to a point of use. Coolant tubes are positioned in the reactor passing vertically through the fluidized bed zone, the dust bed zone and the separation zone for removing the heat generated in the reaction. An evaporable coolant, preferably water, is circulated through the coolant tubes. In a separate steam drum, the vapor pressure of the coolant is set for maintaining constant the temperature of the vaporizing coolant.

摘要翻译： 在甲烷化含CO和H 2的充电气体中，充电气体向上通过一个垂直延伸的流化床反应器，反应器又流过流化床区域，灰尘床区域和分离区域。 从分离区，将气体从反应器输送到使用点。 冷却剂管定位在反应器中垂直通过流化床区域，灰尘床区域和分离区域，以除去反应中产生的热量。 可蒸发的冷却剂，优选水，循环通过冷却剂管。 在单独的蒸汽鼓中，设置冷却剂的蒸汽压力以保持汽化冷却剂的温度恒定。

公开(公告)号：US4444532A

公开(公告)日：1984-04-24

申请号：US421116

申请日：1982-09-20

申请人： Erich Hackler ,  Joachim Meckel ,  Dietrich Wagener ,  Manfred Galow

发明人： Erich Hackler ,  Joachim Meckel ,  Dietrich Wagener ,  Manfred Galow

IPC分类号： C10B57/10 ,  F26B17/10 ,  B65G53/42

CPC分类号： F26B17/103

摘要： Small, pourable particles of comminuted coal for coking purposes are gravity-discharged into a stream of hot gas flowing upwardly in a flight stream tube, in a direction inclined and generally opposite to the gas flow direction. Just prior to entry into the gas stream the particles are fluidized so that, on being entrained by the gas stream, they will become uniformly distributed throughout the cross-section of the same. A method and an apparatus are disclosed.

摘要翻译： 用于焦化目的的粉碎煤的小的可倾倒颗粒被重力排放到沿着与气体流动方向倾斜并且大致相反的方向在飞行流管中向上流动的热气流中。 在进入气流之前，颗粒被流化，使得在被气流夹带时，它们将在整个横截面中均匀地分布。 公开了一种方法和装置。

公开(公告)号：US4258006A

公开(公告)日：1981-03-24

申请号：US59522

申请日：1979-07-23

申请人： Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler ,  Werner Lommerzheim

发明人： Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler ,  Werner Lommerzheim

IPC分类号： B01J8/18 ,  C07C1/00 ,  C07C1/04 ,  C07C9/04 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C10K3/04 ,  B01J8/24

CPC分类号： C07C1/042 ,  B01J8/1836 ,  C07C1/048 ,  Y02P20/131

摘要： A method of catalytic conversion of feed gases, particularly of a low-sulphur gas mixture rich in carbon monoxide and hydrogen, into a product gas mixture containing methane and/or higher hydrocarbons under high pressure includes the step of removing heat of reaction from the catalytic conversion from a reaction zone by feeding both water and steam to form a cooling medium through a pipe coil in the reaction zone. This forms superheated steam in the pipe coil and the superheated steam is then converted into another form of energy, for example in a turbo-generator. Preferably the reaction zone is a fluidized bed. The apparatus for carrying out this method comprises a reactor, which is preferably a fluidized bed reactor and in this reactor the piping system forming the superheater is disposed in the lower part of the reaction zone. The superheater is connected to a feedwater line and to a steam inlet line and a steam turbine is connected to a steam output line leading from the superheater.

摘要翻译： 将含有一氧化碳和氢的低硫气体混合物的进料气体特别是在高压下含有甲烷和/或高级烃的产物气体混合物的催化转化方法包括从催化剂中除去反应热的步骤 通过进料水和蒸汽从反应区转化成通过反应区中的管线形成冷却介质。 这在管线圈中形成过热蒸汽，然后将过热蒸汽转化成另一形式的能量，例如在涡轮发电机中。 优选地，反应区是流化床。 用于实施该方法的装置包括反应器，其优选为流化床反应器，并且在该反应器中，形成过热器的管道系统设置在反应区的下部。 过热器连接到给水管线和蒸汽入口管线，蒸汽轮机连接到从过热器引出的蒸汽输出管线。

公开(公告)号：US4746483A

公开(公告)日：1988-05-24

申请号：US905752

申请日：1986-09-09

申请人： Claus Flockenhaus ,  Karl-Heinz Laue ,  Klaus Merkel ,  Erich Hackler ,  Johann Jansen ,  Arnold Max ,  Werner Stender ,  Reinhard Kruse ,  Hartmut Kainer ,  Daniel Grimm ,  Blagoje Levkov

发明人： Claus Flockenhaus ,  Karl-Heinz Laue ,  Klaus Merkel ,  Erich Hackler ,  Johann Jansen ,  Arnold Max ,  Werner Stender ,  Reinhard Kruse ,  Hartmut Kainer ,  Daniel Grimm ,  Blagoje Levkov

IPC分类号： B01D53/86 ,  B01J37/00 ,  B01J27/043 ,  B01J27/047 ,  B29C43/02 ,  B29C43/32

CPC分类号： B01J37/0009 ,  B01D53/8628

摘要： In a process for the manufacture of catalyst moldings a natural raw material containing Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 or another such catalyst component such as TiO.sub.2, NbO.sub.2, WO.sub.3, V.sub.2 O.sub.5 or MoO.sub.3 is screened to a grain size equal to or less than approximately 0.25 mm. This screened base mixture is thoroughly blended, and then preferably a concentrated sulphuric acid is added. This mixture of material is then pressed into a molding in a hydraulic press with a pressure of approximately 500 bar to produce the molding.

摘要翻译： 在制造催化剂模制品的方法中，将含有Fe 2 O 3，Cr 2 O 3或另一种这样的催化剂组分如TiO 2，NbO 2，WO 3，V 2 O 5或MoO 3的天然原料筛分至等于或小于约0.25mm的晶粒度。 将该筛分的基础混合物充分混合，然后优选加入浓硫酸。 然后将该材料混合物压制成压力为约500巴的液压机中的模塑制品以产生模制品。

公开(公告)号：US4672052A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-09

申请号：US768508

申请日：1985-08-22

申请人： Dietrich Wagener ,  Karl H. Laue ,  Egmar Wunderlich ,  Theo Sander ,  Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler ,  Blagoje Levkov ,  Daniel Grimm ,  Hartmut Kainer ,  Hermann Stein

发明人： Dietrich Wagener ,  Karl H. Laue ,  Egmar Wunderlich ,  Theo Sander ,  Claus Flockenhaus ,  Erich Hackler ,  Blagoje Levkov ,  Daniel Grimm ,  Hartmut Kainer ,  Hermann Stein

IPC分类号： B01D53/86 ,  B01J35/04

CPC分类号： B01D53/8631 ,  B01J35/04 ,  F01N2330/06

摘要： A catalyst for use in a process for the removal of nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases contaminated with dust in which the process uses ammonia. The catalyst is made of a material which is easily disposable. Furthermore, the catalyst should be completely used up in the catalysis. The catalyst comprises individual ceramic bricks with a porous surface, and passages therethrough for the flow of the exhaust gases. The bricks exhibit a resistance to abrasion which is designed so that the dust of the exhaust gas which flows through the passages erodes the catalyst surface, thereby reactivating the catalyst. The exhaust gas carries the dust and the eroded material along with it.

摘要翻译： 一种催化剂，用于从其中使用氨的灰尘污染的废气中除去氮氧化物的方法。 催化剂由易于一次性的材料制成。 此外，催化剂应在催化中完全消耗。 该催化剂包括具有多孔表面的单个陶瓷砖，以及用于排气流动的通道。 砖表现出耐磨性，其设计为使得流过通道的排气的灰尘侵蚀催化剂表面，从而使催化剂再次活化。 废气携带灰尘和侵蚀的材料。