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公开(公告)号：US4787023A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-22
申请号：US59589
申请日：1987-06-08
CPC分类号： H02M5/2573 , H02M7/162
摘要： A power supply apparatus, in which the three phases of an alternating-current main are connected each through rectifier elements connected in antiparallel to the primary winding of a three-phase transformer. The secondary windings of this transformer are connected through rectifiers to a load device, such as an electron beam gun or other such device which produces short-circuits while in operation. Measuring sensors are provided on the primary AC side which, in the presence of an excess current on the primary AC side, block controlled rectifier elements. The blocking takes place very rapidly because GTO thyristors are used as rectifier elements. The decay of the magnetic energy in the transformer is achieved by the fact that the primary side of this transformer is connected in delta.
摘要翻译： 一种电源装置，其中交流主机的三相通过与三相变压器的初级绕组反向并联连接的整流元件连接。 该变压器的次级绕组通过整流器连接到负载装置，例如电子束枪或其他在运行时产生短路的装置。 测量传感器设置在主交流侧，在主交流侧存在过电流的情况下，可控整流元件。 由于使用GTO晶闸管作为整流元件，阻塞发生得非常快。 变压器磁能的衰减是通过这个变压器的初级侧以三角形连接的事实来实现的。
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公开(公告)号：US3952139A
公开(公告)日：1976-04-20
申请号：US534831
申请日：1974-12-20
CPC分类号： G05F1/44 , C22B9/18 , H05B3/0023
摘要： The invention concerns a converter arrangement for electrode melting furnaces, particularly for electric slag remelting of metals. A current regulator in the form of a PI controller is associated with the converter arrangement. The former is influenced by an actual current value, a reference current value, and additionally, by a control quantity. The control quantity replaces the current regulation of the regulator by a voltage control in dependence on periodic or aperiodic conditions which may be due to operational causes or to trouble and interfere with the melting process in the furnace. More particularly, for the duration of such conditions, the control quantity causes the output voltage of the regulator, which voltage acts on the control unit feeding the converter, to be limited upward to an adjustable value.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于电极熔化炉的转换器装置，特别是用于金属的电渣重熔。 PI控制器形式的电流调节器与转换器装置相关联。 前者受实际电流值，参考电流值以及控制量的影响。 控制量通过电压控制取代调节器的电流调节，这取决于可能由操作原因引起的周期性或非周期性状况，或者是故障并干扰炉中的熔化过程。 更具体地说，在这种条件的持续时间内，控制量使调节器的输出电压（该电压作用在馈送转换器的控制单元上）被限制在可调整的值上。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4995733A
公开(公告)日：1991-02-26
申请号：US453101
申请日：1989-12-13
IPC分类号： G01K1/10
CPC分类号： G01K1/105
摘要： The invention concerns a measurement sensor for the detection of temperatures in metal or alloy melts. This measurement sensor consists of a thermocouple (41) surrounded by a ceramic capillary (24) which is closed at its end by means of an adhesive (45) or the like. This measurement sensor is directly, i.e. without further sheathing, introduced into the melt (FIG. 3a).
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于检测金属或合金熔体中的温度的测量传感器。 该测量传感器包括由陶瓷毛细管（24）包围的热电偶（41），陶瓷毛细管（24）的端部通过粘合剂（45）等闭合。 该测量传感器直接地，即没有进一步的护套，被引入到熔体中（图3a）。
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公开(公告)号：US4823263A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-18
申请号：US885455
申请日：1986-07-14
摘要： In automatic melting crucible tipping it is important that, starting from a certain angular position, the melting crucible (1) is tipped according to a predetermined model until emptying is complete. This model can be obtained, for example, by the so-called teach-in process and can be stored in an analog or digital memory (89). In order to prevent abrupt movement of the crucible (1) when the molten material touches the pouring lip (3) of the crucible (1) when the pour-lip angle has been reached, according to the invention a correction arrangement (108, 109, 37) is provided which enables the tipping process to proceed continuously and without abrupt movements even in the case of different pour-lip angles.
摘要翻译： 在自动熔化坩埚倾翻中，重要的是，从特定角度位置开始，熔化坩埚（1）根据预定模型倾倒，直到排空完成。 该模型可以例如通过所谓的教导过程获得，并且可以存储在模拟或数字存储器（89）中。 为了防止当达到倾角时熔融材料接触坩埚（1）的倾倒唇（3）时坩埚（1）突然移动，根据本发明，校正装置（108,109 ，37），这使得即使在不同倾角的情况下，倾翻过程也能够连续地进行并且没有突然的移动。
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5.发明授权Device for recognizing the impact site of a charge carrier beam on a target 失效用于识别电荷载流子束在目标上的冲击位置的装置
公开(公告)号：US5051599A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-24
申请号：US470857
申请日：1990-01-26
申请人： Ewald Benes , Martin Groschl , Michael Schmid , Hans-Joachim Siegmund , Friedrich-Werner Thomas , Gernot Thorn
发明人： Ewald Benes , Martin Groschl , Michael Schmid , Hans-Joachim Siegmund , Friedrich-Werner Thomas , Gernot Thorn
CPC分类号： H01J37/3005 , B23K15/0013
摘要： The invention relates to a device for recognizing the impact site (29, 37) of a charge carrier beam on a target. This device has two position-sensitive detectors (22, 23) above the target which have a given distance from each other and from the target and on which via imaging systems (24, 25) the impact site (29, 37) of the charge carrier beam is imaged by means of X-rays. The output signals of these detectors (22, 23) are placed on a special evaluation device which determines all three spatial coordinates of the impact site (29, 37) of the charge carrier beam.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于识别目标上电荷载流子束的冲击位置（29,37）的装置。 该装置具有在目标上方的两个位置敏感的检测器（22,23），它们彼此具有一定的距离并且与目标相对，并且通过成像系统（24,25）将电荷的冲击部位（29,37） 载波束通过X射线成像。 这些检测器（22,23）的输出信号被放置在确定电荷载流子束的冲击位置（29,37）的所有三个空间坐标的特殊评估装置上。
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公开(公告)号：US5047911A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-10
申请号：US223035
申请日：1988-07-22
CPC分类号： H02M3/3353 , H02M3/335
摘要： The invention relates to a device (20) for a unipolarly operated component (9) capable of storing energy. This device (20) can be applied, for example, in an asymmetrical half bridge circuit (1). It compensates the dc magnetic flux which originates due to the unipolar operation and, hence permits making relatively small in size the component (9) capable of storing energy. Using a current converter (25, 32) with suitable winding ratio as an automatic and load-dependent compensation device, moreover, permits very flexible adaptation to load changes. Such adaptation is, in particular, required when very high pulsating current occurs on the primary side with simultaneous secondary no-load operation.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于能够存储能量的单极操作部件（9）的装置（20）。 该装置（20）可以应用于例如非对称半桥电路（1）中。 它补偿由于单极操作而产生的直流磁通，因此允许使能够存储能量的部件（9）的尺寸相对较小。 此外，使用具有适当绕组比率的电流转换器（25,32）作为自动和负载相关的补偿装置，允许非常灵活地适应负载变化。 特别地，当具有同时的二次空载操作的初级侧发生非常高的脉动电流时，特别需要这种适配。
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公开(公告)号：US5022044A
公开(公告)日：1991-06-04
申请号：US391125
申请日：1989-08-09
CPC分类号： F27D9/00 , F27B14/061 , F27B14/10 , H05B6/24
摘要： In a directly heatable crucible 3 for induction melting furnaces, especially for melting refractory and highly-pure metals, including an inductor coil 11 surrounding a crucible 3 and a housing 5, which at least partially encloses the inductor coil 11 and the crucible 3 and which forms together with the external wall 9, 9' of the crucible a closed chamber having an annular portion 10 and a flat cylindrical base portion 10'. This chamber is passed through by a cooling agent and the crucible 3 is made of the material to be molten.
摘要翻译： 在用于感应熔炼炉的直接可加热坩埚3中，特别是用于熔化难熔和高纯度金属，包括围绕坩埚3的电感线圈11和壳体5，其至少部分地包围电感线圈11和坩埚3， 与坩埚的外壁9,9'一起形成具有环形部分10和平坦圆柱形基部10'的封闭室。 该室由冷却剂通过，坩埚3由待熔融的材料制成。
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8.发明授权Device and method for the control and monitoring of an electron beam for metal working 失效用于金属加工的电子束的控制和监控的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US4973818A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-27
申请号：US327830
申请日：1989-03-23
IPC分类号： B23K15/02 , C22B9/22 , H01J37/30 , H01J37/302 , H01J37/305
CPC分类号： H01J37/302 , H01J37/305
摘要： A device and a method for the control and monitoring of a deflectable electron beam is provided for the working of metal wherein the electron beam is not permitted to go beyond an allowed working area. With this device with the aid of a Teach-In method the limits are entered into a computer. The computer generates an image of the areas allowed for the electron beam in a particular area of a special memory. This memory is so organized that the addresses of the point of the particular areas correspond to the digitized coordinates of the point of impingement of the electron beam. The characterization of the allowed and forbidden target points of the electron beam takes place through placing or deleting respectively the assigned bits in the special memories.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于控制和监测可偏转电子束的装置和方法，用于金属加工，其中电子束不允许超过允许的工作区域。 借助于“Teach-In”方法，该设备将限制输入计算机。 计算机在特殊存储器的特定区域中产生电子束允许的区域的图像。 该存储器是如此组织的，使得特定区域的点的地址对应于电子束的撞击点的数字化坐标。 电子束允许和禁止的目标点的表征通过分别放置或删除特殊存储器中的指定位来进行。
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9.发明授权Apparatus for controlling the distance of a melting electrode from the surface of the melted material in a vacuum arc furnace 失效用于在真空电弧炉中控制熔融电极与熔融材料表面的距离的装置
公开(公告)号：US4797897A
公开(公告)日：1989-01-10
申请号：US110721
申请日：1987-08-10
CPC分类号： H05B7/152 , Y02P10/256 , Y02P10/259
摘要： Apparatus for controlling the distance of a melting electrode from the surface of melted material in a vacuum arc furnace which uses short circuits caused by the droplets between the melting electrode and the surface of the melted material as a control criterion. The short circuits occurring within a given period of time--the so-called droplet rate--are determined and supplied to an averager which is connected with a controller that controls an electric driving mechanism for the melting electrode. According to the invention, the controller is responsive to a signal representing the difference between the reciprocal value of the droplet rate signal formed by the averager and a desired time, this desired time being equal to the desired average time between two consecutive droplet short circuits.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE87 / 00487 Sec。 371日期1987年8月10日 102（e）日期1987年8月10日PCT申请日1986年11月29日PCT公开号 公开号WO87 / 03772 日期：1987年6月18日。用于在熔化电极和熔融材料表面之间的液滴引起的短路的真空电弧炉中控制熔融电极与熔融材料表面的距离的装置作为控制标准 。 在给定时间段内发生的短路（即所谓的液滴速率）被确定并提供给与控制熔融电极的电驱动机构的控制器连接的平均器。 根据本发明，控制器响应于表示由平均器形成的液滴速率信号的倒数值与期望时间之间的差的信号，该期望时间等于两个连续液滴短路之间的期望平均时间。
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10.发明授权Direct-current-alternating-current inverter comprising a load which gains by forcing an output voltage of the direct-current-alternating-current inverter having a defined wave shape and frequency 失效直流 - 交流逆变器包括通过强制具有规定的波形和频率的直流 - 交流逆变器的输出电压而增益的负载
公开(公告)号：US4700281A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-13
申请号：US795990
申请日：1985-11-06
申请人： Gernot Thorn , Friedrich-Werner Thomas , Johann Sturmer , Dietrich Dahlinger , Guido Hubertus , Wolfgang Sperzel
发明人： Gernot Thorn , Friedrich-Werner Thomas , Johann Sturmer , Dietrich Dahlinger , Guido Hubertus , Wolfgang Sperzel
CPC分类号： H02M7/527
摘要： The invention concerns a converter (2) provided with GTO thyristors the frequency and characteristic shape of its output voltage (U.sub.A) being constrained by a load (3). The frequency of the converter (2) is matched to the constrained output voltage (U.sub.A) with the aid of a regulating circuit (4). Non-simultaneously switched GTO thyristors are switched on and off in a predetermined timed relation to each other (FIG. 3).
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种具有GTO晶闸管的转换器（2），其由负载（3）约束的其输出电压（UA）的频率和特征形状。 借助于调节电路（4），转换器（2）的频率与受约束的输出电压（UA）匹配。 非同时开关GTO晶闸管以预定的定时关系彼此接通和断开（图3）。
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