摘要:
Water in a process water system, such as a cooling tower or pulp and paper processing plant, is treated to destroy biological microorganisms by diverting the portion of the water flowing through the system to a side stream. In the side stream, chemicals are added such as halide ions or sodium chlorite. The water is then passed through an electrolysis unit or a UV radiation unit to oxidize the precursor to form an active oxidant. Advantageously, the pH of the side stream can be lowered to significantly improve the oxidization of the halide ions. When a very small portion of the flow rate is passing through the side stream, the acid added does not significantly alter the pH of the entire system. In a preferred embodiment, the acid added is phosphonic acid which acts as an antiscalant. Also included in the present invention is a method to inject oxidant precursors into a process water system through an oxidant generation station.
摘要:
An all-in-one treatment composition for a water cooling tower includes a water soluble aromatic azole corrosion inhibitor such as benzotriazole, an organophosphorous antiscalant and a polymeric quaternary ammonium compound. The polymeric quaternary ammonium compound has the following general formula: ##STR1## The composition is suitable for use at low level continuous applications rates. The polymeric quaternary ammonium compound is also suitable for use at low concentration as a continuous biocide/biostat. This compound does not suffer from the acclimatization typically encountered when one biocide is used on a continuous low level basis.
摘要:
Controlling displacement in a variable displacement compressor of an automobile air conditioning system entails detecting the temperature and humidity level of air entering the evaporator, setting a target air probe temperature from inside the automobile, and reading the evaporator air-out temperature at the temperature probe. From these parameters, the evaporator suction pressure can be calculated as can the load on the evaporator and the refrigerant flow rate so that the compressor swash plate angle, and thus, the compressor displacement, can be adjusted. After adjusting the compressor swash plate angle, calculating the absolute value of a difference between the actual air probe value and the vehicle occupant's air probe setting can be performed. If the absolute value is less than 0.5 degrees Fahrenheit, then the compressor stroke can be maintained, but if it is not, then the iteration must again be performed.
摘要:
A sensor is provided for automatically detecting the presence or absence of an electronic device which interfaces with other devices via an information signal. The sensor comprises a receiving connector which receives a mating connector associated with the electronic device to electrically and physically connect the device to the sensor and to another device. The receiving connector includes a terminal to which the information signal is applied. The sensor also comprises a sensing circuit connected to the terminal of the receiving connector for detecting whether the information signal is present at the terminal. The sensing circuit generates an output signal which indicates when a mating connector is received within the receiving connector, and thus whether the electronic device is present, in dependence upon whether the information signal is detected at the terminal. In one embodiment, the sensing circuit comprises a low-pass analog filter connected to a switching transistor for generating a signal at two logic levels. The two logic levels respectively indicate whether or not a mating connector is received within the receiving connector, and thus whether or not the electronic device is present.
摘要:
A method and an apparatus are provided for variably controlling the temperature at which the clutch of an air conditioner compressor is engaged and disengaged. The temperature at which the compressor clutch is engaged and disengaged is based on an average minimum temperature at the evaporator over a clutch cycle, wherein the clutch disengage temperature is increased if the average minimum temperature is below a first predetermined temperature and is decreased if the average minimum temperature is above a second predetermined temperature, thus maintaining the average minimum temperature within a temperature range. Further, the clutch disengage temperature is adjusted based on user operated air conditioner control settings. The clutch disengage temperature is adjusted to a higher temperature if a low blower speed is selected by the user and is adjusted to a lower temperature if a high blower speed is selected. The clutch engage or turn on temperature is derived from the clutch disengage or turn off temperature and may in fact be set lower than the turn off temperature.
摘要:
Algae growth in an open water system such as a water cooling tower is controlled by reducing the amount of light available for the algae to photosynthesize. The light available for photosynthesis is reduced by incorporating a dye into the water in the water cooling system. Thus the dye absorbs the light necessary for photosynthesis and in turn prevents algae growth. Preferably fluorescein at a concentration of 0.2 to 800 parts per million is incorporated into the water in the water cooling system. Other dyes can be selected depending on the particular algae.
摘要:
A quick release tool holder system for machine tools utilizing a plurality of rotatable tool spindles spaced about an axis located on a tool head. Each tool spindle utilizes an axially movable sleeve for operating a detent locking a standard tool adapter within the spindle socket, and an actuator plate reciprocable by an expansible chamber motor simultaneously displaces the spindle sleeves in a tool adapter releasing direction to facilitate tool replacement.
摘要:
An air intake assembly configured to direct air into a throttle body of an engine of an automotive vehicle includes an air cleaner enclosure, primary and secondary air intake ducts and a downstream air intake duct. In a first operating condition, inlet air is directed into the air cleaner enclosure unit from the secondary air intake duct and routed (i) through the downstream air intake duct and into the throttle body and (ii) through the primary air intake duct and out of a primary air inlet. In a second operating condition, inlet air is directed into the air cleaner enclosure unit from the primary air intake duct and routed (iii) through the downstream air intake duct and into the throttle body and (iv) through the secondary air intake duct and out of the secondary air inlet. A method of directing the intake air into the throttle body is also provided.
摘要:
An inert water soluble dye is added to a concentrated water treatment composition. This mixture is added to the water in a circulating water system such as a cooling tower. The concentration of the dye and the concentration of the actives in the treatment composition are proportionate to each other. The concentration of the treatment composition in the water system can be determined by measuring the percentage of light absorbed by the dye in the water. This can be determined by use of a colorimeter. Fluorescein is the preferred dye.