摘要:
The movable apparatus of a positioning device comprising a conductive stationary part and a conductive movable part, the stationary part has an electrode constituting a capacitor together with said movable part, and the electrode is covered by a guard electrode insulated from the stationary part, whereby a triaxial structure is formed around these electrodes.
摘要:
An impedance meter includes a floating type ammeter which measures a voltage across a current detection resistor and determines a current flowing therethrough. A balun eliminates the common mode voltage component in the high frequency range; and a differential amplifier eliminates the common mode voltage component in the low frequency range. The common mode rejection (common mode elimination) effect of the balun and differential amplifier crosses over at a crossover frequency where the impedance of an capacitor and the impedance of the balun are equal. As a result, the impedance meter is capable of measuring a broad range of impedances across a wide range of frequencies, both the low frequency and high frequency range.
摘要:
A highly accurate electromagnetic-induction-type conductivity and dielectric constant meter is obtained by using a calibration box (instrument) and a structure as below. The conductivity and dielectric constant meter employs an electromagnetic inductive probe which includes a primary transformer composed of a toroidal core with a wound primary coil, a secondary transformer composed of a toroidal core with a wound secondary coil, an electrostatic shield shielding the transformers, and cables that connect the probe to a meter. To eliminate the electrostatic capacity produced by causes other than electromagnetic induction, the structure of the probe is symmetrical. In a first embodiment, the secondary transformer is placed between two parts of the primary transformer, which has two cores of the same shape that are placed symmetrically. The structure, including the primary and secondary transformers, gaps in the electrostatic shields, and cables, are symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the ring shapes and passes through the center of the annular core of the secondary transformer.
摘要:
The transmission is of a type that a low-speed transmission train is established in cooperation with one-way clutch. A high-speed transmission train is established by hydraulic oil supply via a shift valve in a condition in which the hydraulic oil is kept supplied to the low-speed hydraulic engaging element. A pressure adjusting valve and a hydraulic oil pressure control valve control, to increase or reduce, the supply pressure of the hydraulic oil to the high-speed hydraulic engaging element. A speed change controller at an initial stage maintains the shift valve, at the time of speed changing from a high-speed transmission train to a low-speed transmission train, in a condition in which the hydraulic oil is supplied to the high-speed hydraulic engaging element. The supply pressure of the hydraulic oil is reduced in this condition until the high-speed hydraulic engaging element gives rise to a slip. The supply pressure of the hydraulic oil is maintained in the condition of reduced pressure until the one-way clutch is engaged and thereafter the shift valve is changed over to a condition in which the hydraulic oil is discharged from the high-speed hydraulic engaging element.
摘要:
A circuit element measuring apparatus for measuring a parameter of a device under test (DUT) includes a signal source, a voltmeter, a zero detection amplifier, and a compensation network all of which are coupled to the DUT by four shielded lines. The compensation network is also coupled to a range resistance. The compensation network provides two independent sets of correction data. One is based on the length of the shielded line and the other is based on the range resistance used. The parameter being measured can then be adjusted by the appropriate set of correction data to provide a more accurate measurement. A method of operating the circuit element measuring apparatus for measuring the parameter of the DUT by generating the two sets of correction data and adjusting the parameter accordingly.
摘要:
A method for finding the impedance of a device under test using an impedance measuring apparatus having a modem-type auto-balancing bridge, two or more measurement signals, each of which has a different phase with respect to the reference signals supplied to the modem inside said auto-balancing bridge, are applied to a device under test; the impedance of this device under test is measured when each of the measurement signals is applied to the device under test; and the impedance of this device under test is found using the above-mentioned phase and the impedance measurement value of each of these measurements.
摘要:
A control system for an automatic transmission comprises a forward/reverse selection hydraulic servomechanism 70, a D inhibitor valve, which controls the supply of a line pressure to the servo-oil chambers of this servomechanism, and a plurality of solenoid valves 81˜85, which are used for controlling the actuation of the shift valves and the D inhibitor valve. This control system comprises a first neutral mode and a second neutral mode for a neutral range. In the first neutral mode, the D inhibitor valve is switched to a forward drive position, and the forward drive servo-oil chamber is connected to a drain. In the second neutral mode, the D inhibitor valve is switched to a reverse drive position, and the forward drive and reverse drive servo-oil chambers are both connected to the drain.
摘要:
A method for stabilizing feedback loop in impedance measuring equipment involves determining a null loop transfer function of the impedance measuring device by utilizing multiple independent, known impedances. The phase characteristics of the null loop is measured for each multiple independent, known impedances. Based on the measured phase characteristics, the loop characteristic is determined with regard to impedances of arbitrary devices under test (DUTs). The best phase compensation amount is then computed for use over the entire range of DUTs.
摘要:
A method is used which reduces measurement errors, especially of permittivity, which result when electromagnetic induction-type probes measure electrical properties of solutions. Part of the electromagnetic induction current, which the electromagnetic induction-type probe tries to induce in the test solution, flows in the stray capacitance, which is formed by the dielectric in the probe. This partial current reduces the current that is linked to the current detector transformer, and affects the measured value of the electrostatic capacity component, i.e., the permittivity, of the test solution. This phenomenon is modeled and is expressed by a distributed constant circuit which is simplified to a T-shaped 2-terminal pair equivalent circuit. A correction equation that corrects the errors due to the aforementioned currents is obtained by means of this simplified equivalent circuit, and the measurement errors are reduced. Co is the probe's stray capacitance and is evaluated by substituting the correction equation for the measured value of a standard solution. By this means, measurement errors can be reduced to 1/10 of their uncorrected value.
摘要:
Current passing through a capacitor being measured is combined with programmable portions of oppositely phased current, and means are provided for deriving voltages from said combined current that lie within a given range regardless of the capacitance of the capacitor under test. A phase detector determines the phase angle between the latter voltage and the voltage causing current flow through the capacitor. The means for deriving the out-of-phase current includes a plurality of programmable, current transducer having their primary windings connected in series, one end of each secondary winding being connected to one end of its primary winding, and switches respectively connected to the other under the secondary winding. The means for deriving the voltage referred includes an operational amplifier and switches for connecting a similar plurality of current transformers in series with the capacitor being measured as in the feedback of the amplifier.