Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process of reducing sulfur- or nitrogen-containing compounds and producing oxygenates, and in particular to a one-pot process of reducing sulfur- or nitrogen-containing compounds and also producing oxygenates in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst such as Mn+/a first solvent or M1n+/a second solvent/M2m+/a third solvent or a mixture thereof, the process herein being useful as an excellent octane booster in the reformulated gasoline and as a cetane booster for the future oxygenated diesel in a one-pot reaction.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for preparing aromatic carboxylic acid from alkylaromatics by liquid-phase oxidation. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for preparing aromatic carboxylic acid from alkylaromatics by oxidation in acetic acid as solvent with oxygen-containing gas in the presence of cobalt/manganese/bromine complex catalyst, wherein nickel and carbon dioxide in an appropriate amount are added to increase an activity of cobalt/manganese/bromine complex catalyst. Especially nickel has a synergistic effect with carbon dioxide and maximize the to formation of the desired product having the corresponding carboxylic groups to the number of alkyl groups in a reactant.
Abstract:
A product of reduced sulfur content is produced from a feedstock which is comprised of a mixture of hydrocarbons and contains organic sulfur compounds as unwanted impurities. The process comprises converting at least a portion of the sulfur-containing impurities to sulfur-containing products of higher boiling point by treatment with an alkylating agent in the presence of an acid catalyst and removing at least a portion of these higher boiling products by fractional distillation. The process can be carried out in a distillation column reactor wherein the acid catalyzed reaction and fractional distillation are carried out simultaneously. Suitable alkylating agents include alcohols and olefins.
Abstract:
An improved process for converting hydrocarbons using a catalyst which is periodically regenerated to remove carbonaceous deposits, the catalyst being comprised of a mixture containing, as a major component, solid particles capable of promoting hydrocarbon conversion at hydrocarbon conversion conditions, and, as a minor component, discrete entities comprising at least one alkaline earth metal-containing spinel, and at least one rare earth metal component associated with the spinel; thereby reducing the amount of sulfur oxides exiting the catalyst regeneration zone.Improved hydrocarbon conversion catalysts are also disclosed.
Abstract:
A process for forming a coal-oil mixture fuel slurry of enhanced stability comprising the steps of: (1) contacting an aqueous slurry of coal particles containing ash and iron pyrite mineral matter with a promoting amount of at least one conditioning agent capable of modifying or altering the existing surface characteristics of the pyrite under conditions to effectuate alteration or modification of at least a portion of ash and the contained pyritic sulfur; (2) agglomerating the coal particles while said pyrite surfaces are altered or modified in an aqueous medium with hydrocarbon oil; (3) separating coal hydrocarbon oil agglomerates from at least a portion of the iron pyrite mineral matter and ash; and (4) mixing the separated coal hydrocarbon oil agglomerates with a quantity of fuel oil to form a coal-oil mixture of enhanced stability.
Abstract:
A passivation process for decreasing the poisonous effects from contamination by metals such as nickel, vanadium and/or iron that can occur during the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon feedstocks containing such metals is disclosed. The process involves an in situ aluminum passivation for conversion catalysts containing an alumina-containing phase by means of soluble aluminum species contained in that alumina-containing phase.
Abstract:
Disclosed is an aqueous phase oxidation for removing at least a portion of metal contaminants such as nickel, vanadium, iron or copper from a catalyst used in a hydrocarbon conversion process. The aqueous phase oxidation comprises: contacting a sulfided metals contaminated catalyst with an aqueous solution comprising soluble metal nitrate ions and a catalytically effective concentration of nitrite ions. Optionally, the sulfided catalyst which has been oxidized can be further treated with an aqueous oxidative and/or reductive wash. The oxidative wash preferably follows the reductive wash for optimal results.
Abstract:
A process for reducing the sulfur and ash content of coal comprising: treating coal particles in a hydrocarbon oil slurry with minor amounts of a conditioning agent and water to effect agglomeration of ash and pyritic sulfur mineral matter; separating the agglomerates from the slurried coal particles; and recovering coal particles from the hydrocarbon oil.
Abstract:
A process for reducing the sulfur content of coal comprising the steps of:(1) contacting coal particles with(i) a silicate selected from the group consisting of alkali metal silicates, alkaline earth metal silicates and mixtures thereof, and(ii) a promoter material capable of oxidizing or reducing equilibrium sulfur reaction products formed by the contacting to non-equilibrium reaction products in an aqueous medium to reduce the sulfur content of coal; and(2) recovering coal particles of reduced sulfur content.
Abstract:
A process for reducing the sulfur content of coal comprising the steps of:(1) contacting coal particles with an aqueous solution of iron complexing agent, and an oxidant to preferentially oxidize at least a portion of the sulfur in the coal;(2) contacting the oxidized sulfur-containing coal with at least one hydrogen donor material capable of transferring hydrogen to the oxidized sulfur-containing coal under conditions such that hydrogen transfer occurs; and(3) recovering coal products of reduced sulfur content.