公开(公告)号：US20090087193A1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-02

申请号：US12315350

申请日：2008-12-02

Applicant: Michael Herbert Eiselt ,  Jonathan A. Nagel

Inventor： Michael Herbert Eiselt ,  Jonathan A. Nagel

IPC: H04B10/00

CPC classification number: H04B10/2569

Abstract: Methods and systems for PMD compensation in an optical communication system are implemented by transmitting multiple optical signals through a common optical conduit to an optical compensator that adjustably rotates the polarization states of the multiple optical signals and transmits the rotated optical signals to an optical receiver. The receiver, upon sensing an excessive error condition, commands the optical compensator to change the polarization state of rotation, which changes the PMD profile of the received optical signals.

Abstract translation: 光通信系统中PMD补偿的方法和系统通过将多个光信号通过公共光导管传输到光补偿器来实现，该光补偿器可调整地旋转多个光信号的偏振状态，并将旋转的光信号传输到光接收器。 接收机在感测到过大的误差条件时，命令光学补偿器改变旋转的极化状态，这改变了所接收的光信号的PMD轮廓。

公开(公告)号：US07466923B1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-16

申请号：US11906714

申请日：2007-10-03

Applicant: Michael Herbert Eiselt ,  Jonathan A. Nagel

Inventor： Michael Herbert Eiselt ,  Jonathan A. Nagel

IPC: H04B10/12

CPC classification number: H04B10/2569

Abstract: Methods and systems for PMD compensation in an optical communication system are implemented by transmitting multiple optical signals through a common optical conduit to an optical compensator that adjustably rotates the polarization states of the multiple optical signals and transmits the rotated optical signals to an optical receiver. The receiver, upon sensing an excessive error condition, commands the optical compensator to change the polarization state of rotation, which changes the PMD profile of the received optical signals.

Abstract translation: 光通信系统中PMD补偿的方法和系统通过将多个光信号通过公共光导管传输到光补偿器来实现，该光补偿器可调整地旋转多个光信号的偏振状态，并将旋转的光信号传输到光接收器。 接收机在感测到过大的误差条件时，命令光学补偿器改变旋转的极化状态，这改变了所接收的光信号的PMD轮廓。

公开(公告)号：US20080050121A1

公开(公告)日：2008-02-28

申请号：US10870327

申请日：2004-06-17

Applicant: Stephen G. Evangelides ,  Jay P. Morreale ,  Michael J. Neubelt ,  Mark K. Young ,  Jonathan A. Nagel ,  David S. DeVincentis

Inventor： Stephen G. Evangelides ,  Jay P. Morreale ,  Michael J. Neubelt ,  Mark K. Young ,  Jonathan A. Nagel ,  David S. DeVincentis

IPC: H04B10/00

CPC classification number: H04B10/2935

Abstract: A method for entering a market with high barriers to entry and a plurality of proprietary business elements includes converting at least one of the business elements into a universal business element that can accept a wide variety of inputs from other business elements, while converting a remaining one of the plurality of business elements to commoditized business elements. In addition, a market of a resulting business is limited so that the resulting business straddles a gap between two subdivisions of the market. Thus, a combination of technology and market division enables conversion of otherwise proprietary system to commodity equipment that can work with a wide variety of existing vendor equipment while competing technologically with highly engineered solutions. For example as applied to the undersea telecommunications market, one exemplary embodiment of the present invention employs an optical repeater that can accept any existing submarine cable, in combination with an optical line interface terminal that can accept existing terrestrial terminal equipment. Regarding market division, this embodiment is specifically limited to spans of less than 5000 kilometers, and preferably between 350 and 4000 kilometers, thereby straddling both the long-haul and short-haul markets while providing highly desirable services and capability. By selecting this market segment, the embodiment achieves highly desirable economics without the usual concomitant high engineering costs.

Abstract translation: 进入具有高进入门槛的市场和多个专有业务元素的方法包括将至少一个业务元素转换成可以接受来自其他业务元素的各种投入的通用业务元素，同时将剩余的一个 的商业元素。 此外，由此产生的业务的市场有限，因此产生的业务跨越了市场的两个细分市场之间的差距。 因此，技术和市场部门的结合使得可以将其他专有系统转换为可与各种现有供应商设备配合使用的商品设备，同时通过高度设计的解决方案在技术上竞争。 例如，如应用于海底电信市场，本发明的一个示例性实施例采用可以接受任何现有的海底电缆的光中继器，其结合可接受现有地面终端设备的光线路接口终端。 关于市场划分，该实施例特别限于小于5000公里，优选350至4000公里的跨度，从而跨越长途和短途市场，同时提供非常理想的服务和能力。 通过选择这个市场部分，该实施例实现了非常理想的经济性，而没有通常伴随的高工程成本。

公开(公告)号：US07295781B1

公开(公告)日：2007-11-13

申请号：US11712606

申请日：2007-02-28

Applicant: Michael Herbert Eiselt ,  Jonathan A. Nagel

Inventor： Michael Herbert Eiselt ,  Jonathan A. Nagel

IPC: H04B10/12

CPC classification number: H04B10/2569

Abstract: Methods and systems for PMD compensation in an optical communication system are implemented by transmitting multiple optical signals through a common optical conduit to an optical compensator that adjustably rotates the polarization states of the multiple optical signals and transmits the rotated optical signals to an optical receiver. The receiver, upon sensing an excessive error condition, commands the optical compensator to change the polarization state of rotation, which changes the PMD profile of the received optical signals.

Abstract translation: 光通信系统中PMD补偿的方法和系统通过将多个光信号通过公共光导管传输到光补偿器来实现，该光补偿器可调整地旋转多个光信号的偏振状态，并将旋转的光信号传输到光接收器。 接收机在感测到过大的误差条件时，命令光学补偿器改变旋转的极化状态，这改变了所接收的光信号的PMD轮廓。

公开(公告)号：US07203423B1

公开(公告)日：2007-04-10

申请号：US11240066

申请日：2005-09-30

Applicant: Antonio Mecozzi ,  Jonathan A. Nagel ,  Mark Shtaif ,  Moshe Tur

Inventor： Antonio Mecozzi ,  Jonathan A. Nagel ,  Mark Shtaif ,  Moshe Tur

IPC: H04J14/02 ,  H04B10/12

CPC classification number: H04B10/2569

Abstract: Methods and systems for higher-order PMD compensation are implemented by developing an effective mathematical model and applying economical design techniques to the model. By assuming a constant precession rate for a narrow band of frequencies in an optical signal, a simplified model of a higher-order PMD compensator can be derived. The model can be used produce an economical compensator by making multiple uses of selected optical components.

Abstract translation: 通过开发有效的数学模型和对模型应用经济设计技术来实现高阶PMD补偿的方法和系统。 通过对光信号中的窄频带假设恒定的进动速率，可以导出更高阶PMD补偿器的简化模型。 该模型可以通过多次使用选定的光学元件来生产经济的补偿器。

公开(公告)号：US06690504B1

公开(公告)日：2004-02-10

申请号：US10099104

申请日：2002-03-14

Applicant: Jonathan A. Nagel ,  Sergey Y. Ten ,  Carl A. B. Clausen

Inventor： Jonathan A. Nagel ,  Sergey Y. Ten ,  Carl A. B. Clausen

IPC: H01S300

CPC classification number: H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/06766 ,  H01S3/09408 ,  H01S3/094096 ,  H01S3/1301 ,  H01S3/302

Abstract: A system and method for controlling gain shape in a Raman amplifier including a plurality of pumps. The pumps produce a spectral distribution of output power characteristic. A feedback control system provides one or more feedback control signals in response to the amplifier output for adjusting pump parameters to achieve a desired spectral distribution of output power characteristic.

Abstract translation: 一种用于控制包括多个泵的拉曼放大器中的增益形状的系统和方法。 泵产生输出功率特性的光谱分布。 反馈控制系统响应于放大器输出提供一个或多个反馈控制信号，用于调节泵参数以实现输出功率特性的期望频谱分布。

公开(公告)号：US07869708B2

公开(公告)日：2011-01-11

申请号：US10794174

申请日：2004-03-05

Applicant: Stephen G. Evangelides, Jr. ,  Jonathan A. Nagel

Inventor： Stephen G. Evangelides, Jr. ,  Jonathan A. Nagel

IPC: H04B10/08

CPC classification number: H04B10/0771

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for obtaining status information from a given location along an optical transmission path. The method begins by generating a cw probe signal having a prescribed frequency that is swept over a prescribed frequency range. The cw probe signal is transmitted over the optical path and a returned COTDR signal in which status information concerning the optical path is embodied is received over the optical path. A receiving frequency within the prescribed frequency range of the returned COTDR signal is detected to obtain the status information. The detecting step includes the step of sweeping the receiving frequency at a rate equal to that of the prescribed frequency. A period associated with the receiving frequency is temporally offset from a period associated with the prescribed frequency.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于从沿着光传输路径的给定位置获得状态信息的方法和装置。 该方法通过产生具有在规定频率范围内扫过的规定频率的cw探测信号而开始。 cw探测信号通过光路传输，并且在光路上接收有关实现光路的状态信息的返回COTDR信号。 检测返回的COTDR信号的规定频率范围内的接收频率，得到状态信息。 检测步骤包括以等于规定频率的速率扫描接收频率的步骤。 与接收频率相关联的周期在时间上偏离与规定频率相关的周期。

公开(公告)号：US06842586B2

公开(公告)日：2005-01-11

申请号：US10699583

申请日：2003-10-31

Applicant: Michael J. Neubelt ,  Stephen G. Evangelides, Jr. ,  Jonathan A. Nagel

Inventor： Michael J. Neubelt ,  Stephen G. Evangelides, Jr. ,  Jonathan A. Nagel

IPC: H04B10/08 ,  H04B10/00

CPC classification number: H04B10/071

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for using optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) with a WDM transmission system that includes a plurality of terminals interconnected by at least two pairs of unidirectional optical transmission paths each of which has at least one repeater therein. The method begins by transmitting an optical probe signal from a first OTDR unit associated with a first terminal into the repeater over a first optical path in a first of the at least two pairs of unidirectional optical transmission paths. The first OTDR unit receives a first returned OTDR signal over a second optical path in the first optical path pair. The first OTDR signal contains status information concerning the first optical path in the first optical path pair. The optical probe signal from the first optical path in the first optical path pair is coupled to a second optical path in the second optical path pair. The first optical path in the first optical path pair supports optical signals traveling in a direction opposite to optical signals supported by the second optical path in the second optical path pair. A second returned OTDR signal is received over a first optical path in the second optical path pair in which status information concerning the second optical path in the second optical path pair is embodied. The second returned OTDR signal traverses a repeater located in the second optical path pair. The second returned OTDR signal is coupled from the first optical path in the second optical path pair to the second optical path in the first optical path pair so that the second OTDR signal is returned to the first OTDR unit. The first optical path in the second optical path pair supports optical signals traveling in a direction opposite to optical signals supported by the second optical path in the first optical path pair.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种使用具有WDM传输系统的光时域反射测量（OTDR）的方法和装置，该WDM传输系统包括通过至少两对单向光传输路径互连的多个终端，每个单向光传输路径中至少有一个中继器。 该方法首先通过在至少两对单向光传输路径中的第一个中的第一光路上将来自与第一终端相关联的第一OTDR单元的光探测信号发射到中继器中。 第一OTDR单元在第一光路对中的第二光路上接收第一返回的OTDR信号。 第一OTDR信号包含关于第一光路对中的第一光路的状态信息。 来自第一光路对中的第一光路的光探测信号被耦合到第二光路对中的第二光路。 第一光路对中的第一光路支持在与第二光路对中由第二光路支持的光信号相反的方向上行进的光信号。 在第二光路对中的第一光路上接收第二返回的OTDR信号，其中具体涉及第二光路对中的第二光路的状态信息。 第二返回的OTDR信号穿过位于第二光路对中的中继器。 第二返回的OTDR信号从第二光路对中的第一光路耦合到第一光路对中的第二光路，使得第二OTDR信号返回到第一OTDR单元。 第二光路对中的第一光路支持在与第一光路对中由第二光路支持的光信号相反的方向上行进的光信号。

公开(公告)号：US5822113A

公开(公告)日：1998-10-13

申请号：US766656

申请日：1996-12-16

Applicant: Jean-Marc Pierre Delavaux ,  Jonathan A. Nagel

Inventor： Jean-Marc Pierre Delavaux ,  Jonathan A. Nagel

IPC: H01S3/07 ,  H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/10 ,  H01S3/23 ,  G02B27/28 ,  H01S3/091

CPC classification number: H01S3/10023 ,  H01S3/0064 ,  H01S3/06787 ,  H01S3/09408 ,  H01S3/094096 ,  H01S3/09415 ,  H01S3/2316 ,  H01S3/2333

Abstract: An optical amplifier achieves multistage amplification with a four port optical circulator with fiber amplifiers and Faraday rotators and mirrors connected to at least two of the ports. The fiber amplifiers permit the signal to pass through the fiber amplifiers twice.

Abstract translation: 光放大器通过具有光纤放大器的四端口光循环器和连接到至少两个端口的法拉第旋转器和反射镜实现多级放大。 光纤放大器允许信号通过光纤放大器两次。

公开(公告)号：US5430572A

公开(公告)日：1995-07-04

申请号：US129825

申请日：1993-09-30

Applicant: David J. DiGiovanni ,  Joseph D. Evankow ,  Jonathan A. Nagel ,  Richard G. Smart ,  James W. Sulhoff ,  John L. Zyskind

Inventor： David J. DiGiovanni ,  Joseph D. Evankow ,  Jonathan A. Nagel ,  Richard G. Smart ,  James W. Sulhoff ,  John L. Zyskind

IPC: G02B6/00 ,  C03C13/04 ,  H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/07 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/10 ,  H01S3/17 ,  G02B6/26

CPC classification number: H01S3/06758 ,  H01S2301/02 ,  H01S3/0078 ,  H01S3/094061 ,  H01S3/09408 ,  H04B2210/003

Abstract: High output power, high gain, and low noise are achieved in a two-stage optical amplifier, suitable for use as a repeater for a long haul lightwave communication system, in accordance with the principles of the invention, by employing a first amplifying stage having a signal gain sufficiently small to prevent self-saturation by amplified stimulated emission (ASE) that uses counter-propagating pump light to cause maximum inversion of the first stage amplifying medium. In an illustrative embodiment of the invention, EDFAs are used in each of two amplifying stages. The length of the EDFA in the first stage is short enough to ensure nearly complete inversion of the EDFA from pump light that counter-propagates with the signal. The counter-propagating pump light allows the invention to advantageously avoid the significant noise figure penalty from the input loss associated with co-propagating pump light. And, noise figure is improved because complete inversion is achieved throughout the EDFA, and, at the input where the noise figure is most sensitive to inversion. The short length also eliminates self-saturation of the EDFA from ASE which degrades the noise figure. However, the length, and hence the gain, of the EDFA in the first stage is long enough to provide sufficient gain so that the noise figure of the two-stage amplifier, as a whole, is determined primarily by that of the first stage. A second EDFA in the second stage of the amplifier may then be configured using co-propagating or counter-propagating pump light for additional signal amplification to provide the required output power and gain for long haul lightwave systems. Other aspects of illustrative embodiments of the invention include the use of passive optical elements including filters, isolators, and attenuators.

Abstract translation: 在根据本发明的原理的适合用作长距离光波通信系统的中继器的两级光放大器中实现高输出功率，高增益和低噪声，通过采用第一放大级具有 信号增益足够小以通过使用反向传播的泵浦光来引起第一级放大介质的最大反转的放大的受激发射（ASE）来防止自饱和。 在本发明的说明性实施例中，EDFA用于两个放大级中的每一个。 EDFA在第一阶段的长度足够短，以确保EDFA与泵浦光几乎完全反转，该信号与信号反向传播。 反向传播的泵浦光允许本发明有利地避免与共同传播的泵浦光相关联的输入损耗的显着的噪声指数损失。 并且，噪声系数得到改善，因为在整个EDFA中完成了反演，并且在噪声系数对反演最敏感的输入处。 短的长度还消除了ASE中EDFA的自饱和度，降低了噪声系数。 然而，EDFA在第一级中的长度以及因此的增益足够长以提供足够的增益，使得两级放大器的噪声系数作为整体主要由第一级决定。 然后可以使用共同传播或反向传播的泵浦光来配置放大器的第二级中的第二EDFA，用于附加的信号放大，以为远距离的光波系统提供所需的输出功率和增益。 本发明的说明性实施例的其它方面包括使用包括滤波器，隔离器和衰减器的无源光学元件。