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    High power, high gain, low noise, two-stage optical amplifier
    1.
    发明授权
    High power, high gain, low noise, two-stage optical amplifier 失效
    大功率，高增益，低噪声，两级光放大器

    公开(公告)号：US5430572A

    公开(公告)日：1995-07-04

    申请号：US129825

    申请日：1993-09-30

    Applicant: David J. DiGiovanni ,  Joseph D. Evankow ,  Jonathan A. Nagel ,  Richard G. Smart ,  James W. Sulhoff ,  John L. Zyskind

    Inventor： David J. DiGiovanni ,  Joseph D. Evankow ,  Jonathan A. Nagel ,  Richard G. Smart ,  James W. Sulhoff ,  John L. Zyskind

    IPC: G02B6/00 ,  C03C13/04 ,  H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/07 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/10 ,  H01S3/17 ,  G02B6/26

    CPC classification number: H01S3/06758 ,  H01S2301/02 ,  H01S3/0078 ,  H01S3/094061 ,  H01S3/09408 ,  H04B2210/003

    Abstract: High output power, high gain, and low noise are achieved in a two-stage optical amplifier, suitable for use as a repeater for a long haul lightwave communication system, in accordance with the principles of the invention, by employing a first amplifying stage having a signal gain sufficiently small to prevent self-saturation by amplified stimulated emission (ASE) that uses counter-propagating pump light to cause maximum inversion of the first stage amplifying medium. In an illustrative embodiment of the invention, EDFAs are used in each of two amplifying stages. The length of the EDFA in the first stage is short enough to ensure nearly complete inversion of the EDFA from pump light that counter-propagates with the signal. The counter-propagating pump light allows the invention to advantageously avoid the significant noise figure penalty from the input loss associated with co-propagating pump light. And, noise figure is improved because complete inversion is achieved throughout the EDFA, and, at the input where the noise figure is most sensitive to inversion. The short length also eliminates self-saturation of the EDFA from ASE which degrades the noise figure. However, the length, and hence the gain, of the EDFA in the first stage is long enough to provide sufficient gain so that the noise figure of the two-stage amplifier, as a whole, is determined primarily by that of the first stage. A second EDFA in the second stage of the amplifier may then be configured using co-propagating or counter-propagating pump light for additional signal amplification to provide the required output power and gain for long haul lightwave systems. Other aspects of illustrative embodiments of the invention include the use of passive optical elements including filters, isolators, and attenuators.

    Abstract translation: 在根据本发明的原理的适合用作长距离光波通信系统的中继器的两级光放大器中实现高输出功率，高增益和低噪声，通过采用第一放大级具有 信号增益足够小以通过使用反向传播的泵浦光来引起第一级放大介质的最大反转的放大的受激发射（ASE）来防止自饱和。 在本发明的说明性实施例中，EDFA用于两个放大级中的每一个。 EDFA在第一阶段的长度足够短，以确保EDFA与泵浦光几乎完全反转，该信号与信号反向传播。 反向传播的泵浦光允许本发明有利地避免与共同传播的泵浦光相关联的输入损耗的显着的噪声指数损失。 并且，噪声系数得到改善，因为在整个EDFA中完成了反演，并且在噪声系数对反演最敏感的输入处。 短的长度还消除了ASE中EDFA的自饱和度，降低了噪声系数。 然而，EDFA在第一级中的长度以及因此的增益足够长以提供足够的增益，使得两级放大器的噪声系数作为整体主要由第一级决定。 然后可以使用共同传播或反向传播的泵浦光来配置放大器的第二级中的第二EDFA，用于附加的信号放大，以为远距离的光波系统提供所需的输出功率和增益。 本发明的说明性实施例的其它方面包括使用包括滤波器，隔离器和衰减器的无源光学元件。

    Measurement of an optical amplifier parameter with polarization
    2.
    发明授权
    Measurement of an optical amplifier parameter with polarization 失效
    测量具有极化的光放大器参数

    公开(公告)号：US5223705A

    公开(公告)日：1993-06-29

    申请号：US929660

    申请日：1992-08-12

    Applicant: Jennifer Aspell ,  Neal S. Bergano ,  Bruce M. Nyman ,  Richard G. Smart ,  James W. Sulhoff ,  John L. Zyskind

    Inventor： Jennifer Aspell ,  Neal S. Bergano ,  Bruce M. Nyman ,  Richard G. Smart ,  James W. Sulhoff ,  John L. Zyskind

    IPC: G01M11/00 ,  G02F1/35 ,  H01S3/00 ,  H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/07 ,  H01S3/10 ,  H04B10/08 ,  H04B10/135 ,  H04B10/17

    CPC classification number: H04B10/0731 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H04B10/25 ,  H04B10/2912 ,  H01S2301/02

    Abstract: In an embodiment for obtaining accurate noise figure measurements for any degree of saturation of an optical amplifier, a polarizer is located at the output of the optical amplifier. The amplified spontaneous noise (ASE) produced by an optical amplifier is not polarized, whereas the amplified signal has a well defined state of polarization which is preferably linear. If the amplified signal is not linearly polarized, it can be rendered linearly polarized in one direction by means of a polarization controller located downstream of the polarizer. By setting the polarizer to have its state of polarization orthogonal to that of the linearly polarized amplified signal, the spectral density of the ASE from the polarizer can be measured without associated distortion due to the signal. By sequentially adjusting the polarization controller to minimize and then maximize the signal which it passes, sequential measurements of the ASE spectral density and gain of the optical amplifier can be obtained. Continuous measurements of the ASE can be obtained by placing a splitter such as a 3dB coupler between the polarizer and the optical amplifier and setting the state of polarization of the polarizer to be continuously orthogonal to the state of polarization of the amplified signal from one leg of the splitter. At the same time, a signal from the other leg of the splitter which consists of ASE noise plus the amplified signal can be used to obtain the gain of the optical amplifier. From the measurements of the ASE with and without the amplified signal, the noise figure of the optical amplifier can be calculated.

    Abstract translation: 在用于获得光放大器的任何饱和度的精确噪声系数测量的实施例中，偏振器位于光放大器的输出处。 由光放大器产生的放大自发噪声（ASE）不是极化的，而放大的信号具有良好限定的极化状态，其优选是线性的。 如果放大的信号不是线性极化的，则可以通过位于偏振器下游的偏振控制器在一个方向上线性偏振。 通过将偏振器设置为具有与线偏振放大信号的偏振态正交的偏振态，可以测量来自偏振器的ASE的光谱密度，而不会由于信号而引起相关的失真。 通过依次调节偏振控制器以使其通过的信号最小化并最大化，可以获得光谱放大器的ASE光谱密度和增益的顺序测量。 ASE的连续测量可以通过在偏振器和光学放大器之间放置诸如3dB耦合器之类的分离器，并将偏振器的偏振态连续正交于来自一条支路的放大信号的极化状态 分路器。 同时，可以使用由ASE噪声加上放大信号组成的分离器的另一条支路的信号来获得光放大器的增益。 从具有和不具有放大信号的ASE的测量结果可以计算出光放大器的噪声系数。

    Long band optical amplifier
    3.
    发明授权
    Long band optical amplifier 有权
    长带光放大器

    公开(公告)号：US06421172B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-07-16

    申请号：US09472459

    申请日：1999-12-27

    Applicant: Felton A. Flood ,  Yongqian Liu ,  Richard G. Smart

    Inventor： Felton A. Flood ,  Yongqian Liu ,  Richard G. Smart

    IPC: H01S300

    CPC classification number: H01S3/06758 ,  H01S3/08086

    Abstract: The optical amplifier includes a first gain medium having an optical host that contains a rare earth dopant and a first pump that supplies optical energy at a first wavelength into this first gain medium. The first pump operates at a pump wavelength that has a lower inversion saturation than the highest wavelength of absorption of the first gain medium. The optical amplifier further comprises a second gain medium operatively coupled to the first gain medium and a second pump that supplies optical energy into the second gain medium.

    Abstract translation: 光放大器包括具有含有稀土掺杂剂的光学主体的第一增益介质和向该第一增益介质提供第一波长的光能的第一泵。 第一泵以具有比第一增益介质的最高吸收波长更低的反相饱和度的泵浦波长工作。 光放大器还包括可操作地耦合到第一增益介质的第二增益介质和向第二增益介质提供光能的第二泵。

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