公开(公告)号：US5337613A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-16

申请号：US937378

申请日：1992-08-31

申请人： Kalman Kovari

发明人： Kalman Kovari

IPC分类号： G01B5/30 ,  G01B7/00 ,  G01B7/16 ,  G01B7/30 ,  G01B5/00

CPC分类号： G01B7/16 ,  G01B5/30 ,  G01B2210/66

摘要： A measuring instrument includes first and second rigid, elongate measuring elements which are interconnected by a flexible element. The measuring elements are supported in a measuring tube inserted in the foundation soil. Whenever a displacement occurs in the foundation soil or construction, the measuring tube is deformed and the second measuring element is pivoted with respect to the first measuring element. The curvature or bending which thereby occurs in the flexible element of suitable dimensioning or configuration is preferably determined by at least one wire strain gage fitted to the flexible element in the plane of deformation, the elongations being converted, for example by use of a Wheatstone bridge circuit, into proportional electrical current or voltage signals. Preferably, wire strain gages are disposed on all four mutually perpendicular outer sides of the flexible element, in order to allow for the detection of displacements in mutually perpendicular planes.

摘要翻译： 测量仪器包括通过柔性元件互连的第一和第二刚性细长的测量元件。 测量元件支撑在插入基础土壤的测量管中。 无论何时在基础土或结构中发生位移，测量管变形，并且第二测量元件相对于第一测量元件枢转。 因此，在适当尺寸或构型的柔性元件中发生的曲率或弯曲优选地由在变形平面中安装到柔性元件的至少一个线应变计来确定，伸长率被转换，例如通过使用惠斯通电桥 电路，成比例电流或电压信号。 优选地，线应变计布置在柔性元件的所有四个相互垂直的外侧上，以便允许检测相互垂直的平面中的位移。

公开(公告)号：US4643024A

公开(公告)日：1987-02-17

申请号：US799473

申请日：1985-11-18

申请人： Kalman Kovari ,  Jakob Koppel

发明人： Kalman Kovari ,  Jakob Koppel

IPC分类号： G01L7/00 ,  E21B33/124 ,  E21B34/14 ,  E21B47/06

CPC分类号： E21B33/124 ,  E21B34/14 ,  E21B47/06

摘要： A measuring tube is inserted into a bore hole for measuring underground fluid pressure and is sealed against the bore hole wall for limiting the areas or regions in which the pressure measurement is to occur. A measuring cell is inserted into the measuring tube wall in each of these areas or regions and includes a mobile pressure sensing element against which acts the pressure of the medium surrounding the measuring tube. An end of the pressure sensing element projects into the inner space of the measuring tube and, for measurement, a measuring wheel of a measuring probe is brought into position underneath the end of the pressure sensing element such that the latter is moved radially outwards against the pressure exerted on it. The force which thus acts on the measuring wheel is determined by a measuring device for measuring the pressure. The medium to be measured does not enter or leak into the measuring tube since the measuring cell is sealingly inserted into the measuring tube. The measuring wheel is brought very accurately into the measuring position by the rotation of a central portion of the measuring probe relative to the end portions, which are guided on wheels, and the movement of the probe until it makes contact with stops. This is a prerequisite for high precision pressure measurement.

摘要翻译： 将测量管插入用于测量地下流体压力的钻孔中，并将其与孔孔壁密封，以限制要进行压力测量的区域或区域。 在这些区域或区域的每个区域中，将测量池插入到测量管壁中，并且包括可移动的压力感测元件，作用于围绕测量管的介质的压力。 压力感测元件的端部伸入测量管的内部空间，并且为了测量，将测量探针的测量轮置于压力感测元件的端部下方的位置，使得该测量轮相对于压力传感元件的径向向外移动 施加压力。 因此作用在测量轮上的力由用于测量压力的测量装置决定。 被测介质不会进入或泄漏到测量管中，因为测量单元被密封地插入到测量管中。 通过测量探针的中心部分相对于在车轮上引导的端部部分的旋转以及探针的移动直到其与止动件接触，使测量轮非常精确地进入测量位置。 这是高精度压力测量的先决条件。

公开(公告)号：US20050191138A1

公开(公告)日：2005-09-01

申请号：US11052221

申请日：2005-02-08

申请人： Kalman Kovari

发明人： Kalman Kovari

IPC分类号： E21D11/04 ,  E21D11/00 ,  E21D11/05 ,  E21D11/08 ,  E21D21/00 ,  E02D3/02

CPC分类号： E21D11/05 ,  E21D11/083 ,  E21D21/0086

摘要： A compression body (7) is inserted into the contraction joint (6) between two tunnel lining elements (2, 3), which body deforms in response to a compressive load caused by the tunnel lining elements' (2, 3) moving towards each other. The compression body (7) is composed of a material containing voids, and has a compressive strength of at least 1 MPa and a void fraction of between 10% and 90% of its total volume. The compression body (7) may be composed, for example, of steel foam, or of a mixture which contains cement and blown-glass particles or plastic particles. When a predetermined compressive load is exceeded, the voids within the compression body (7) collapse in a stepwise manner, or are compressed in a stepwise manner.

摘要翻译： 压缩体（7）被插入在两个隧道衬里元件（2,3）之间的收缩接头（6）中，所述收缩接头（6）响应于由隧道衬里元件（2,3）向每一个移动而引起的压缩载荷而变形 其他。 压缩体（7）由含有空隙的材料构成，其压缩强度为1MPa以上，空隙率为总体积的10％〜90％。 压缩体（7）可以由例如钢泡沫或含有水泥和吹制玻璃颗粒或塑料颗粒的混合物构成。 当超过预定的压缩载荷时，压缩体（7）内的空隙以逐步的方式折叠，或者以逐步的方式被压缩。

公开(公告)号：US4739652A

公开(公告)日：1988-04-26

申请号：US819374

申请日：1986-01-16

申请人： Kalman Kovari ,  Jakob Koppel ,  Christian Amstad

发明人： Kalman Kovari ,  Jakob Koppel ,  Christian Amstad

IPC分类号： G01B5/14 ,  E02D1/02 ,  E21B47/00 ,  G01B5/00 ,  G01B5/30

CPC分类号： G01B5/30 ,  E02D1/022 ,  E21B47/00 ,  E21B47/0006

摘要： The tubing system comprises a number of measuring stops or surfaces arranged in a predetermined mutual spaced relationship. The spacing is utilized for determining the displacements in the material enclosing the tubing. This displacement is ascertained by a measuring probe introduced into the tubing from the outside. The measuring stops are provided on measuring tube unions or coupling sleeves in order to ensure that displacements in the material can also be transmitted to the measuring stops even in relatively soft material without a stiffening effect of the tubing. The connection between the measuring tube unions or coupling sleeves takes place exclusively through a telescope-type protecting tube insert. A rigid anchoring of the measuring tube unions or coupling sleeves to the inner wall of an accommodating hole or bore hole provided in the material to be investigated takes place through filling collars fastened to the outside of the measuring tube unions or coupling sleeves. These filling collars are filled with cement mortar through a first filling conduit and a first return conduit. A support arrangement maintains the exact position of the measuring stops of the measuring tube unions or coupling sleeves relative to each other during the assembly of the measuring tube until the cement mortar has hardened in the filling collars. Centering heads of the support arrangement are connected with the measuring stops by detachable locking pins.

摘要翻译： 管道系统包括以预定的相互间隔关系布置的多个测量止挡件或表面。 该间距用于确定围绕管道的材料中的位移。 该位移由从外部引入到管道中的测量探针确定。 测量止动件设置在测量管接头或联轴器套筒上，以确保即使在相对较软的材料中材料中的位移也可以传递到测量挡块，而不会出现管道的加强作用。 测量管接头或联轴器套筒之间的连接仅通过望远镜式保护管插入件进行。 通过将固定在测量管接头或连接套筒的外部的填充套环，将测量管接头或连接套筒刚性地固定到设置在待研究材料中的容纳孔或钻孔的内壁上。 这些填充套环通过第一填充管道和第一回流管道填充水泥砂浆。 支撑装置在测量管的组装期间保持测量管接头或联接套筒的测量止动块的准确位置，直到水泥砂浆在填充套环中变硬。 支撑装置的定心头通过可拆卸的锁定销与测量座连接。

公开(公告)号：US4327590A

公开(公告)日：1982-05-04

申请号：US101761

申请日：1979-12-10

申请人： Kalman Kovari ,  Jakob Koppel ,  Christian Amstad

发明人： Kalman Kovari ,  Jakob Koppel ,  Christian Amstad

IPC分类号： G01C9/00 ,  G01B5/30 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01D5/22 ,  G01D21/00 ,  G01B5/00

CPC分类号： G01B7/24 ,  G01B5/30 ,  G01B2210/66

摘要： In the medium to be examined there is embedded a measuring tube which possesses at its inner surface essentially equidistantly spaced measuring markers. These measuring markers are in the form of mechanical stops or impact members having an impact surface forming part of a right circular cone. To determine the spacing between neighboring measuring markers there is provided a measuring probe or sensor having two measuring heads connected with one another, by means of a connection tube, such that they are relatively shiftable in the lengthwise axis of the measuring probe. Each measuring head is constructed as a mechanical counter stop having an impact or stop surface forming part of a spherical surface. Internally of the connection tube there is arranged an inductive length transmitter producing an output signal characteristic of the spacing between the measuring heads. By means of a traction rod and a dynamometer and a tension spring both of the measuring heads are brought into contact, by means of their counter impact or stop surfaces, with the stop surfaces of the stops or impact members. The signal generated by the length transmitter is proportional to the spacing or spacing change between both of the measuring heads and thus, also to both of the measuring markers. Relative displacements between both of the measuring markers in the direction of the lengthwise axis of the measuring tube can therefore be directly determined.

摘要翻译： 在要检查的介质中，嵌入有一个测量管，该测量管在其内表面上基本上具有等间隔的测量标记。 这些测量标记是具有形成右圆锥的一部分的冲击表面的机械止动件或冲击构件的形式。 为了确定相邻测量标记之间的间距，提供了一种测量探针或传感器，其具有通过连接管彼此连接的两个测量头，使得它们在测量探针的纵向轴线上可相对移动。 每个测量头被构造为具有形成球形表面的一部分的冲击或止挡表面的机械止动器。 在连接管的内部布置有感应长度传感器，其产生测量头之间的间隔的特征的输出信号。 通过牵引杆和测力计和拉力弹簧，两个测量头通过它们的反冲击或止动表面与止动件或冲击构件的止动表面接触。 由长度传感器产生的信号与两个测量头之间的间距或间距变化成正​​比，因此也与两个测量标记成比例。 因此，可以直接确定测量标记在测量管的长度方向的方向上的相对位移。