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1.发明申请METHOD AND APPARATUS TO PRODUCE SYNTHESIS GAS VIA FLASH PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION IN A MOLTEN LIQUID 有权生产合成气的方法和装置通过液体中的闪蒸和气化公开(公告)号：US20110088320A1
公开(公告)日：2011-04-21
申请号：US12964036
申请日：2010-12-09
CPC分类号： C10J3/57 , C10J3/463 , C10J3/66 , C10J2300/0909 , C10J2300/0916 , C10J2300/092 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0973 , C10J2300/0989 , C10J2300/1659 , C10J2300/1823 , C10K1/026 , Y02E20/18 , Y02E50/32 , Y02P20/145
摘要： Disclosed are a method and a corresponding apparatus for converting a biomass reactant into synthesis gas. The method includes the steps of (1) heating biomass in a first molten liquid bath at a first temperature, wherein the first temperature is at least about 100° C., but less than the decomposition temperature of the biomass, wherein gas comprising water is evaporated and air is pressed from the biomass, thereby yielding dried biomass with minimal air content. (2) Recapturing the moisture evaporated from the biomass in step 1 for use in the process gas. (3) Heating the dried biomass in a second molten liquid bath at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is sufficiently high to cause flash pyrolysis of the dried biomass, thereby yielding product gases, tar, and char. (4) Inserting recaptured steam into the process gas, which may optionally include external natural gas or hydrogen gas or recycled syngas for mixing and reforming with tar and non-condensable gases. (5) Further reacting the product gases, tar, and char with the process gas within a third molten liquid bath at a third temperature which is equal to or greater than the second temperature within the second molten liquid bath, thereby yielding high quality and relatively clean synthesis gas after a relatively long residence time needed for char gasification. A portion of the synthesis gas so formed is combusted to heat the first, second, and third molten liquid baths, unless external natural or hydrogen gas is available for this use.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将生物质反应物转化成合成气的方法和相应的装置。 该方法包括以下步骤：（1）在第一温度下在第一熔融液浴中加热生物质，其中第一温度为至少约100℃，但小于生物质的分解温度，其中包含水的气体为 蒸发并从生物质中压制空气，从而产生具有最小空气含量的干燥生物质。 （2）在步骤1中回收从生物质蒸发的水分，用于工艺气体。 （3）在第二温度下在第二熔融液体浴中加热干燥的生物质，其中第二温度足够高以引起干燥的生物质的快速热解，从而产生产物气体，焦油和焦炭。 （4）将再吸收的蒸汽插入工艺气体中，其可任选地包括外部天然气或氢气或再循环的合成气，用于与焦油和不可冷凝气体混合和重整。 （5）使产物气体，焦油和焦炭与第三熔融液槽内的处理气体在第二熔融液浴中的第三温度等于或大于第二温度的第三温度下反应，从而产生高品质和相对的 洁净的合成气在焦化气化所需的较长停留时间后。 如此形成的合成气的一部分被燃烧以加热第一，第二和第三熔融液体浴，除非可用于该用途的外部天然或氢气。
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2.发明申请METHOD AND APPARATUS TO PROTECT SYNTHESIS GAS VIA FLASH PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION IN A MOLTEN LIQUID 有权生产合成气的方法和装置通过液体中的闪蒸和气化公开(公告)号：US20080307703A1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-18
申请号：US12108747
申请日：2008-04-24
CPC分类号： C10J3/57 , C10J3/463 , C10J3/66 , C10J2300/0909 , C10J2300/0916 , C10J2300/092 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0973 , C10J2300/0989 , C10J2300/1659 , C10J2300/1823 , C10K1/026 , Y02E20/18 , Y02E50/32 , Y02P20/145
摘要： Disclosed are a method and a corresponding apparatus for converting a biomass reactant into synthesis gas. The method includes the steps of (1) heating biomass in a first molten liquid bath at a first temperature, wherein the first temperature is at least about 100° C., but less than the decomposition temperature of the biomass, wherein gas comprising water is evaporated and air is pressed from the biomass, thereby yielding dried biomass with minimal air content. (2) Recapturing the moisture evaporated from the biomass in step 1 for use in the process gas. (3) Heating the dried biomass in a second molten liquid bath at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is sufficiently high to cause flash pyrolysis of the dried biomass, thereby yielding product gases, tar, and char. (4) Inserting recaptured steam into the process gas, which may optionally include external natural gas or hydrogen gas or recycled syngas for mixing and reforming with tar and non-condensable gases. (5) Further reacting the product gases, tar, and char with the process gas within a third molten liquid bath at a third temperature which is equal to or greater than the second temperature within the second molten liquid bath, thereby yielding high quality and relatively clean synthesis gas after a relatively long residence time needed for char gasification. A portion of the synthesis gas so formed is combusted to heat the first, second, and third molten liquid baths, unless external natural or hydrogen gas is available for this use.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将生物质反应物转化成合成气的方法和相应的装置。 该方法包括以下步骤：（1）在第一温度下在第一熔融液浴中加热生物质，其中第一温度为至少约100℃，但小于生物质的分解温度，其中包含水的气体为 蒸发并从生物质中压制空气，从而产生具有最小空气含量的干燥生物质。 （2）在步骤1中回收从生物质蒸发的水分，用于工艺气体。 （3）在第二温度下在第二熔融液体浴中加热干燥的生物质，其中第二温度足够高以引起干燥的生物质的快速热解，从而产生产物气体，焦油和焦炭。 （4）将再吸收的蒸汽插入工艺气体中，其可任选地包括外部天然气或氢气或再循环的合成气，用于与焦油和不可冷凝气体混合和重整。 （5）使产物气体，焦油和焦炭与第三熔融液槽内的处理气体在第二熔融液浴中的第三温度等于或大于第二温度的第三温度下反应，从而产生高品质和相对的 洁净的合成气在焦化气化所需的较长停留时间后。 如此形成的合成气的一部分被燃烧以加热第一，第二和第三熔融液体浴，除非可用于该用途的外部天然或氢气。
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3.发明授权Method and apparatus to protect synthesis gas via flash pyrolysis and gasification in a molten liquid 有权通过在熔融液体中快速热解和气化来生产合成气的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US07875090B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-25
申请号：US12108747
申请日：2008-04-24
CPC分类号： C10J3/57 , C10J3/463 , C10J3/66 , C10J2300/0909 , C10J2300/0916 , C10J2300/092 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0973 , C10J2300/0989 , C10J2300/1659 , C10J2300/1823 , C10K1/026 , Y02E20/18 , Y02E50/32 , Y02P20/145
摘要： Disclosed are a method and a corresponding apparatus for converting a biomass reactant into synthesis gas. The method includes the steps of (1) heating biomass in a first molten liquid bath at a first temperature, wherein the first temperature is at least about 100° C., but less than the decomposition temperature of the biomass, wherein gas comprising water is evaporated and air is pressed from the biomass, thereby yielding dried biomass with minimal air content. (2) Recapturing the moisture evaporated from the biomass in step 1 for use in the process gas. (3) Heating the dried biomass in a second molten liquid bath at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is sufficiently high to cause flash pyrolysis of the dried biomass, thereby yielding product gases, tar, and char. (4) Inserting recaptured steam into the process gas, which may optionally include external natural gas or hydrogen gas or recycled syngas for mixing and reforming with tar and non-condensable gases. (5) Further reacting the product gases, tar, and char with the process gas within a third molten liquid bath at a third temperature which is equal to or greater than the second temperature within the second molten liquid bath, thereby yielding high quality and relatively clean synthesis gas after a relatively long residence time needed for char gasification. A portion of the synthesis gas so formed is combusted to heat the first, second, and third molten liquid baths, unless external natural or hydrogen gas is available for this use.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将生物质反应物转化成合成气的方法和相应的装置。 该方法包括以下步骤：（1）在第一温度下在第一熔融液浴中加热生物质，其中第一温度为至少约100℃，但小于生物质的分解温度，其中包含水的气体为 蒸发并从生物质中压制空气，从而产生具有最小空气含量的干燥生物质。 （2）在步骤1中回收从生物质蒸发的水分，用于工艺气体。 （3）在第二温度下在第二熔融液体浴中加热干燥的生物质，其中第二温度足够高以引起干燥的生物质的快速热解，从而产生产物气体，焦油和焦炭。 （4）将再吸收的蒸汽插入工艺气体中，其可任选地包括外部天然气或氢气或再循环的合成气，用于与焦油和不可冷凝气体混合和重整。 （5）使产物气体，焦油和焦炭与第三熔融液槽内的处理气体在第二熔融液浴中的第三温度等于或大于第二温度的第三温度下反应，从而产生高品质和相对的 洁净的合成气在焦化气化所需的较长停留时间后。 如此形成的合成气的一部分被燃烧以加热第一，第二和第三熔融液体浴，除非可用于该用途的外部天然或氢气。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5985223A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-16
申请号：US89308
申请日：1998-06-02
CPC分类号： B01D53/1406 , Y10S423/02
摘要： A process for the removal of a high percentage of NOx and SOx from the gaseous effluent of a metal pickling operation comprising passing the effluent through an aqueous scrubber, treating the gaseous effluent from the scrubber with ozone, passing the effluent from the ozone treatment through a second aqueous scrubber thereby removing at least 80 vol % of the NOx and SOx present in the original effluent. The scrubbing solutions in both of the scrubbers preferably have a pH of from 7 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14. The scrubbing solutions in both scrubbers are caustic solutions containing sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. The NOx and SOx in the scrubbers are converted into nitrate salts and sulfate salts, which are removed from the scrubbers.
摘要翻译： 一种用于从金属酸洗操作的气态流出物除去高百分比的NOx和SO x的方法，包括使流出物通过水性洗涤器，用臭氧处理来自洗涤器的气态流出物，使来自臭氧处理的流出物通过 从而除去原始流出物中存在的至少80体积％的NOx和SO x。 洗涤器中的洗涤溶液优选具有7至14，更优选10至14的pH。两个洗涤器中的洗涤溶液是含有氢氧化钠或氢氧化钙的苛性碱溶液。 洗涤器中的NOx和SOx被转化成硝酸盐和硫酸盐，它们从洗涤器中除去。
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5.发明授权Method and apparatus to produce synthesis gas via flash pyrolysis and gasification in a molten liquid 有权通过在熔融液体中快速热解和气化来生产合成气的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US08529644B2
公开(公告)日：2013-09-10
申请号：US12964036
申请日：2010-12-09
CPC分类号： C10J3/57 , C10J3/463 , C10J3/66 , C10J2300/0909 , C10J2300/0916 , C10J2300/092 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0973 , C10J2300/0989 , C10J2300/1659 , C10J2300/1823 , C10K1/026 , Y02E20/18 , Y02E50/32 , Y02P20/145
摘要： Disclosed are a method and a corresponding apparatus for converting a biomass reactant into synthesis gas. The method includes the steps of (1) heating biomass in a first molten liquid bath at a first temperature, wherein the first temperature is at least about 100° C., but less than the decomposition temperature of the biomass, wherein gas comprising water is evaporated and air is pressed from the biomass, thereby yielding dried biomass with minimal air content. (2) Recapturing the moisture evaporated from the biomass in step 1 for use in the process gas. (3) Heating the dried biomass in a second molten liquid bath at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is sufficiently high to cause flash pyrolysis of the dried biomass, thereby yielding product gases, tar, and char. (4) Inserting recaptured steam into the process gas, which may optionally include external natural gas or hydrogen gas or recycled syngas for mixing and reforming with tar and non-condensable gases. (5) Further reacting the product gases, tar, and char with the process gas within a third molten liquid bath at a third temperature which is equal to or greater than the second temperature within the second molten liquid bath, thereby yielding high quality and relatively clean synthesis gas after a relatively long residence time needed for char gasification. A portion of the synthesis gas so formed is combusted to heat the first, second, and third molten liquid baths, unless external natural or hydrogen gas is available for this use.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将生物质反应物转化成合成气的方法和相应的装置。 该方法包括以下步骤：（1）在第一温度下在第一熔融液浴中加热生物质，其中第一温度为至少约100℃，但小于生物质的分解温度，其中包含水的气体为 蒸发并从生物质中压制空气，从而产生具有最小空气含量的干燥生物质。 （2）在步骤1中回收从生物质蒸发的水分，用于工艺气体。 （3）在第二温度下在第二熔融液体浴中加热干燥的生物质，其中第二温度足够高以引起干燥的生物质的快速热解，从而产生产物气体，焦油和焦炭。 （4）将再吸收的蒸汽插入工艺气体中，其可任选地包括外部天然气或氢气或再循环的合成气，用于与焦油和不可冷凝气体混合和重整。 （5）使产物气体，焦油和焦炭与第三熔融液槽内的处理气体在第二熔融液浴中的第三温度等于或大于第二温度的第三温度下反应，从而产生高品质和相对的 洁净的合成气在焦化气化所需的较长停留时间后。 如此形成的合成气的一部分被燃烧以加热第一，第二和第三熔融液体浴，除非可用于该用途的外部天然或氢气。
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公开(公告)号：US20120319410A1
公开(公告)日：2012-12-20
申请号：US13163081
申请日：2011-06-17
申请人： James W. Ambrosek , Mark H. Anderson , Paul Brooks , Michael B. Riley , Greg W. Field , Kamran Eftekhari Shahroudi , Richard JJ Nelen , Thomas A. Gendron , Gary F. Kaiser
发明人： James W. Ambrosek , Mark H. Anderson , Paul Brooks , Michael B. Riley , Greg W. Field , Kamran Eftekhari Shahroudi , Richard JJ Nelen , Thomas A. Gendron , Gary F. Kaiser
IPC分类号： H02K7/18
CPC分类号： F01K3/00 , F02C1/05 , F02C6/10 , F05D2260/42 , F22B1/028 , F28D20/021 , F28F13/00 , Y02E60/145
摘要： A thermal energy storage system is proposed in which the latent heat of fusion of common salts is used to store energy within a selectable temperature range, extending both above and below the melting/freezing temperature zone of the salt mixture. The salt mixture occupies interstitial void spaces in a solid endostructure. The solid material remains in the solid state throughout the thermal cycling of the energy storage system, and preferably has properties of thermal conduction and specific heat that enhance the behavior of the salt mixture alone, while being chemically compatible with all materials in the storage system. The storage system is capable of accepting and delivering heat at high rates, thereby allowing power generation using a suitable energy transfer media to power a turbine of an electric generator or a process heat need to provide a relatively local, dispatchable, rechargeable thermal storage system, combined with a suitably sized generator.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种热能储存系统，其中普通盐的熔化潜热用于将能量储存在可选择的温度范围内，在盐混合物的熔融/冷冻温度区域的上方和下方延伸。 盐混合物占据固体内部结构中的间隙空隙。 固体材料在能量储存系统的整个热循环过程中保持固态，并且优选地具有热传导和比热的特性，其增强单独的盐混合物的性能，同时与储存系统中的所有材料化学相容。 存储系统能够以高速率接收和传送热量，从而允许使用合适的能量传递介质的发电来为发电机的涡轮机供电或需要提供相对本地的可分配的可再充电的热存储系统的过程热量， 结合适当尺寸的发电机。
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公开(公告)号：US06231824B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-15
申请号：US09371315
申请日：1999-08-10
IPC分类号： C01B2100
CPC分类号： B01D53/8631 , B01D2251/102 , B01D2251/104 , B01D2251/604 , B01D2255/50 , B01J29/061 , C01B21/38
摘要： Nitric oxide is removed from a gas stream by contacting the gas stream with oxygen in the presence of a metal-cation exchanged zeolite, thereby oxidizing the nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide, then contacting the resulting nitrogen dioxide-containing gas stream with ozone, thereby converting the nitrogen dioxide to nitric acid, nitric acid precursors or mixtures thereof, then contacting the gas stream with an aqueous liquid, thereby scrubbing the nitric acid, nitric acid precursors or mixtures thereof from the gas stream. Contact of the gas stream with oxygen in the presence of a zeolite is carried out at a temperature above the temperature at which significant adsorption of nitrogen dioxide occurs, and the aqueous liquid used as scrubbing agent preferably has a pH greater than 7.
摘要翻译： 在金属 - 阳离子交换的沸石存在下使气流与氧接触，从气流中除去一氧化氮，从而将一氧化氮氧化成二氧化氮，然后使所得到的含二氧化氮的气流与臭氧接触，由此转化 二氧化氮至硝酸，硝酸前体或其混合物，然后使气流与水性液体接触，从而从气流中洗涤硝酸，硝酸前体或其混合物。 在沸石存在下，气流与氧气的接触在高于二氧化氮显着吸附的温度的温度下进行，作为洗涤剂使用的水性液体优选pH大于7。
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公开(公告)号：US06197268B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-06
申请号：US09347316
申请日：1999-07-02
IPC分类号： C01B2100
CPC分类号： B01D53/8625 , B01D53/56 , B01D53/75
摘要： Nitrogen oxides are removed from a waste gas stream by contacting the waste gas stream with ammonia, thereby reducing the nitrogen oxides to nitrogen. Residual nitrogen oxides and unreacted ammonia in the waste gas stream leaving the nitrogen oxides reducing step are oxidized to nitrogen pentoxide or nitric acid by contacting this gas stream with ozone. Contact of the ozone and waste gas is preferably carried out in the presence of an aqueous solution at a pH above about 9 and at a temperature above about 75° C., and this step is preferably carried out in the presence of an ammonia-oxidizing catalyst.
摘要翻译： 通过使废气流与氨接触，从废气流中除去氮氧化物，从而将氮氧化物还原成氮气。 离开氮氧化物还原步骤的废气流中的残留的氮氧化物和未反应的氨通过使该气流与臭氧接触而氧化成五氧化二氮或硝酸。 臭氧和废气的接触优选在高于约9的pH高于约75℃的水溶液存在下进行，该步骤优选在氨氧化的存在下进行 催化剂。
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公开(公告)号：US06506351B1
公开(公告)日：2003-01-14
申请号：US09635743
申请日：2000-08-11
IPC分类号： B01J800
CPC分类号： B01D53/56 , B01D53/04 , B01D53/06 , B01D2253/104 , B01D2253/108 , B01D2253/112 , B01D2257/404 , B01D2259/40083
摘要： The present invention relates to a process for removing nitrogen oxides from gas streams such as furnace or utility boiler flue gas streams. An adsorber system is used to adsorb nitrogen oxides from the flue gas streams. An oxygen/ozone gas stream contacts the nitrogen oxides to convert the nitrogen oxides to N2O5 which will exit the adsorber with the oxygen stream.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种从气流中除去氮氧化物的方法，如炉或公用事业锅炉烟道气。 吸附器系统用于从烟道气流中吸附氮氧化物。 氧/臭氧气流与氮氧化物接触以将氮氧化物转化为N2O5，其将与氧气流离开吸附器。
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公开(公告)号：US6136284A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-24
申请号：US457778
申请日：1999-12-09
申请人： Shuen-Cheng Hwang , Mark H. Anderson , Ravi Jain , Neeraj Saxena , James K. Tseng , Robert Francis Workosky
发明人： Shuen-Cheng Hwang , Mark H. Anderson , Ravi Jain , Neeraj Saxena , James K. Tseng , Robert Francis Workosky
CPC分类号： B01D53/04 , B01D53/56 , B01D2253/106 , B01D2253/108 , B01D2256/14 , B01D2259/40083 , B01D2259/402 , B01D53/06
摘要： The present invention relates to a process for removing nitrogen oxides from gas streams such as furnace or utility boiler flue gas streams. An ozone adsorption system is used to adsorb and concentrate ozone. A slip stream containing nitrogen oxides is introduced into an ozone adsorption system to desorb ozone and the ozone-containing slip stream gas is then directed to a reactor duct along with the primary nitrogen oxide-containing gas stream where the nitrogen oxides are converted to N.sub.2 O.sub.5.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种从气流中除去氮氧化物的方法，如炉或公用事业锅炉烟道气。 臭氧吸附系统用于吸附和浓缩臭氧。 将含有氮氧化物的滑流引入臭氧吸附系统以解吸臭氧，然后将含臭氧的滑流气体与氮氧化物转化为N 2 O 5的初级含氮氧化物的气流一起导入反应器管道。
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